Faculty Of Pharmacy Graduation Project 2019 - 2020

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Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriophages as Potential Alternative Therapy for Infections Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Gram-negative Pathogens
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Mahmoud ElHendawy, Abdelrahman; Tarek Mohamed, Esraa; EssamEldin Allam, Hend; Alaa Hassan, Osama
No shadow of a doubt that the emerging of resistance of Gram-negative nosocomial infections rings the bell of danger, especially after they proved their resistance against carbapenems which was the last resort of antibiotics. In recent years, researchers have changed their destinations to start studying bacteriophages after a decade of no new classes of antibiotics which were known as “dry pipeline”. This study aims to investigate the potential of using lytic bacteriophages as an alternative therapy to antibiotics for MDR infections caused by biofilm-producing Gram-negative bacteria “Klebsiella pneumoniae”, “Acinetobacter baumannii” and “Pseudomonas aeruginosa”, 30 clinical bacterial isolates for each bacterial species were collected from hospitals in Cairo, Egypt and identified phenotypically, then tested for their resistance against antibiotics using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Liquid sewage samples were collected from sewage stations and hospitals around Egypt then were processed without filtration or centrifugation and incubated with the bacteria to propagate the phages present, furthermore, phages were hunted using spotting assay, isolated and purified by serial dilution 7 times.
Evaluation of the treatment effectiveness of HIV-infected Kaposi sarcoma patients in Egypt.
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Ayman Salah, Aya; Alaa Abdul Wahab, Dina; Tarek Abbas, Mayar; Saad Mohy, Nada
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most common tumor associated with HV. KS develops as lesions that appear on the skin, lymph nodes, lung, digestive tract and mucosal lining. The color of such lesions can be brown, pink, red or violet and it is difficult to be distinguished in individuals with dark skin. Our study focuses on HIV associated KS (HIV-KS) in Egypt and it was found that HIV-KS patients are treated with a combination of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and chemotherapy. The main 3 chemotherapy regimens used are liposomal doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and ABV (Adriamycin, bleomycin and vincristine\vinblastine). Studies revealed the variation of efficacy between the 3 regimens with or without the HAART therapy, however such studies are lacking on Egyptian patients. The aim of the current study is to assess and compare the efficacy of the treatments systemically and clinically in HIV-KS Egyptian patients. Since inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α) have been confirmed about their significant role in initiation and progression of HIV-KS therefore we rely on them in our study to assess the efficacy of different regimen during a period of three months by collecting blood samples at the beginning of the study and after 3 months period for measurement of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels by using sandwich ELISA technique. Moreover, lesions will be assessed regarding their size, shape, color and height.
TOPICAL PLATELETS RICH PLASMA HYDROGEL FOR SKIN REJUVENATION AND ANTI-AGING PURPOSES
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Hany Riad, Ahmed; Adel Hassan, Mahmoud; Asssem, Passant; Ayman, Omnia
The human skin works as a shield against all the extrinsic factors that may harm human. It consists of many layers, and has many functions in the human. It maintains the normal internal composition of the deep layers and the external physical appearance; however, skin is affected by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors that may alter its composition and external appearance. Skin aging is a complex process that occurs due to multiple factors, including the aging itself, smoking, repeated facial expressions, and exposure to UV light (photoaging). The increase of an aging population and sun exposure as well as the growing interest in external appearance lead to seeking treatment for prevention or reversal of this process. Platelets rich plasma has been one safe treatment to be used to prevent skin aging or slow down the aging process. However, the current procedure is a bit painful due to injection of platelet rich plasma directly into the skin, by syringes or dermaroller. So, the current study is conducted to make a safe, pain free, hydrogel effective PRP topical formulation. Also, the penetration of PRP may be enhanced by applying physical enhancers like sonoporation and chemical enhancers like trypsin to increase penetration and give an effective treatment in a pain free PRP hydrogel formulation to be used topically on the skin. The PRP was isolated after the blood was withdrawn and centrifuged, make the gel by using Carbopol 934, prepare buffer solution and trypsin solutions with the preparation of PRP gel. Experiments are done by the physical enhancer by using the ultrasound waves and chemical enhancer by using trypsin to measure their effects on the penetration of the PRP through the skin which shows the physical enhancer has the best results on the penetration of the PRP.
THE USE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR DRUG BRAIN
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Mohamed Tamam, Ahmed; Mamdouh Mostafa, Heba; Mustafa Ahmed, May; Tarek Omar, Sherouk
Epilepsy is considered as a disturbance in the balance of the electrical system of the brain, which leads to seizures that can affect both adults and children (Manford, 2017). Unfortunately it is difficult to be treated due to the fact that the most of centrally active drugs in brain suffer of decreased in efficiency to pass the blood brain barrier due to their hydrophilicity, such as antiepileptic drugs as Zonisamide which works by blocking the calcium, potassium and sodium channels, in addition to reducing the glutamate excitation and increasing GABA to reduce the epileptic seizures. The nanodiamond was selected as a carrier, due to its small particle size and biocompatibilities. Which make it more favorable than other nanocarriers for this purpose. Thus, our study aims to prepare a suitable formula Zonisamide loaded Nanodiamonds for brain targeting through nose to brain delivery. Zonisamide loaded nanodiamond delivery system was prepared and then being characterized for various in vitro aspects [particle size, % of drug loading, zeta potential, drug loading , FTIR and surface morphological structures through the Transmission Electron Microscopy, Particle size for the formula of choice was 193.73 nm ,zeta potential was found to be 18.93 mV , with high drug loading of Zonisamide on Nanodiamonds of 83.821 ,TEM confirmed the particle size and it's morphological structure and finally FTIR which confirmed the loading of Zonisamide, Thus it can be concluded that the Zonisamide was successfully loaded on nanodiamonds with suitable particle size for brain delivery.
Advanced electrochemical approaches for selective determination of selected drugs in different matrices
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Mohamed El-Saeed Saleh El-Zemaity, Mayar; Mahmoud Fathy, Nada; Maged Halim, Monica; El-Sayed Mohammed, Nancy
Electrochemistry is a science that deals with different methods and techniques used in analytical chemistry by introducing and measuring the relationship between different phases that contain electrons and other phases that contain ions. The movement of those electrons from one element to other leads to the generation of electricity by a reaction called redox reaction. There are three main electrochemical methods including voltammetry, conductometry and potentiometry. Voltammetry is considered to be an approach of the electrochemical methods used in the analytical chemistry as it shows a lot of information about the analyte by measuring the relationship between voltage, current and time that arise in the cell. This cell consists of three electrodes which are counter electrode, working electrode and references electrode. There are many types of voltammetry that are classified according to the change in potential such as linear sweep voltammetry, staircase voltammetry, normal pulse voltammetry, deferential pulse voltammetry, square wave voltammetry and stripping voltammetry. Moreover, screen printed electrode is a modified type of carbon paste electrode. It is an appropriate technique because no complex or expensive tools are required, and printer operations are quick and fast. It was used for the determination of penciclovir and entecavir. The stock standard solutions of both drugs were prepared of concentration (1.0×10 −3 M). acetate buffer, phosphate buffer and working electrode were also prepared. Positive increase in the electric current by increasing the voltage was found which indicated the oxidation process for both penciclovir and entecavir. After the determination of optimization factors, it was found that penciclovir followed diffusion phenomena. While entecavir was found to follow adsorption with diffusion phenomena. Furthermore, the most suitable pH for the determination of penciclovir and entecavir were found to be 5 and 8 respectively where the highest current occurred. Carbon Paste Electrode (CPE) was constructed to optimize the voltametric determination of both drugs. The test of three screen printed electrodes were done in order to test for the analysis of both drugs which are screen-printed multi-walled carbon nanotube electrode (SMWCNTE), Screen-printed Nano Platine Electrode (SNPE) and Screen-printed Nano Gold Electrode (SNGE).
Smart Membranes for Water Remediation Using Different Biomasses”
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Sherif Zeidan, Abdulaziz; Saber Mohamed, Mohannid; Khaled Mahmoud, Omar; Mohamed Hesham, Omar
Water pollution is a serious problem that faces the whole world, it occurs when contaminants are found in polluted water. There are many methods used to purify and decontaminate polluted water. Traditional methods like sedimentation and activated charcoal for purification were found to be inefficient. So, the aim of this study is to use recent methods for the preparation of a fully functioning smart membrane, Ultra filtration is one of the newest methods used for water purification. Cellulose acetate is the most important & the main constituent in the membrane formulation which can be obtained from relatively cheap materials that is found in wastes of agriculture such as rice husk. The objectivity of this study is to prepare ultrafiltration membrane using phase inversion technique using different methods. The work begins with the following steps. First, preparation of ultrafiltration membrane using CA, PVA and NMP as the solvent. Then, ultrafiltration membrane is prepared using DMAC as a solvent, PVP, CA and the addition of acetone as a cosolvent. This method of membrane preparation focused on preparing different membrane ratios and choosing the best membrane showing intact, homogenous and clear membrane formation. At last, the same ultrafiltration membrane was prepared like the previous method but by the addition of plasticizer like PEG for pore size and elasticity improvement. Then, membrane characterization test like SEM, H-NMR & FT-IR were done to identify membrane’s morphological structure. Following that, HPLC test is performed for testing the adsorption properties of different prepared membranes with different ratios in order to identify the removal rate of ciprofloxacin from the prepared ultrafiltration membrane. Results showed that the prepared membrane removed about 40% of ciprofloxacin from water. lastly, a comparative study will be performed between the investigated membrane filters and then choosing the highest adsorption membrane for water purification.
Investigate the prognostic values of Telomerase expression in breast cancer
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Mohamed Ibrahim, Abdelrahman; Tarek Abbas, Abdullah; Tarek Mohamed, Israa; Mohamed Adel, Mennaallah
Background: Several studies have shown up-regulated telomerase activities to be linked to poor prognosis, survival of cancer cells, cancer progression and may also increase drug resistance of breast cancer, however, our understanding of telomerase activity in breast cancer remain limited. Aim of work: to investigate the role of telomerase expression in breast cancer prognosis. Furthermore, the association between telomerase expression and with other parameters including tumor features including: clinicopathology parameters disease outcome, disease recurrence and hormone receptor status was assessed. Objective: the current study is to examine the association between telomerase expression and survival to evaluate the current state of knowledge concerning the value of telomerase expression as a prognostic factor. METHODS: A 63 women (patients) above 18 years old eligible pathologically proven with metastatic breast cancer presenting to Oncology Clinic of Baheya Cancer Center during duration of study were enrolled in this study. All patients were scheduled to receive adjuvant treatment after surgical interference. The data will be extracted from Electronic Medical Records into a designed standard clinical data sheet. Including clinical and pathological characteristic of study population, Telomerase expression test is done by collecting Blood sample at end of experiment according to hospital protocol (for serum sample). RNA extraction by commercially available kits (RT-PCR) hTERT detection (to detect positive &negative results). Only sample clearly positive twice were scored as positive. The test done in Baheya hospital lab. Statistical analysis of result by fisher’s exact test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Result: Clinical and pathological characteristics of the study population revealed that about 76% of patients with age raged from (41-70) years old and about 67% of patient had BMI of ( 31- above 40 kg\m2 ).while (34.92%) of patients were PR+ER (+ve) and 12.69% were HER2 (+ve).Moreover 41.5% of patients received both chemotherapy and hormonal therapy .In addition, telomerase expression was detected in …….. % of patients which tended to. Conclusion: telomerase expression might reserve as a good target for breast cancer treatment and prognosis. Telomerase expression could be useful as biomarker for evaluation of breast cancer and enzyme might serve as good target for anticancer drug.
A Metabolomics Approach for Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Mostafa Khattab, Farida; Osama Ibrahim, Mahmoud; Tharwat Farag, Moaz; Kamel Elmenshawy, Omar
Chronic diseases implement a burden on the community and on the individual because of their complex etiologies and risk factors, osteoporosis is one of the most common chronic disease affecting elderly especially postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis is treated by a variety of drugs and most commonly bisphosphonates as risedronate, however from being highly efficient in restoring bone physiology oral risedronate has low bioavailability and restrictions for absorption. A previous study was conducted to formulate inhaled risedronate to overcome the barriers associated with low bioavailability. For this, experimental animals, rats, were divided into four groups as normal control, dextamethasone-induced diseased group, diseased treated with standard oral risderonate, and diseased treated with novel inhaled risedronate. In this research, metabolomics, which represents the comprehensive analysis of small molecules, was used to compare the metabolites of the control to the diseased group with the aim of finding potential biomarkers for diagnosis as well as evaluating the efficacy of the novel formulation. Following serum collection and extraction, lipids were analyzed with usage of Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) couples with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS). Additionally, metabolites were analyzed using UPLC and Gas Chromatography (GC) coupled to Mass Spectrometry (MS). Multivariate data analysis (MVDA) revealed the presence of significant biomarkers including sugars, amino acids and lipids. Moreover, to finalize our findings metabolites map was conducted, results were interpreted to understand their association with osteoporosis and evaluated to estimate their potential as diagnostic biomarkers
Stem Cells; a Promising Candidate for Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Amir Ali, Alia; Ashraf Mohamed Abd El Hakam, Amira; Khaled Mostafa, Esraa; Sayed Sayed Ahmed, Maryam
The proposed aim is to investigate the effect of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. On the other hand, the objective involves brief discussion on the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis, stem cells and their isolation scheme as well as method of disease induction. Moreover, it also involves the investigation of disease parameters and exploring the modulatory effect of mesenchymal stem cells on RA. The methodology applied to achieve the previously mentioned objective and aim, by induction of the disease through intradermal injection of complete Freund`s adjuvant, followed by measuring the arthritis score to ensure RA development. Afterwards, the isolation of MSCs from healthy rats` femur, and using ten healthy male albino rats dividing them into five groups; negative control, positive controls and the other three were diseased groups treated differently after disease incidence, by giving sterile saline for control groups, methrotrexate for third group, mesenchymal stem cells for the fourth and both for the last group. At the end of treatment period, the levels of interleukin 1, 10, TNFα and interferon were measured using ELISA in serum. Moreover, real time PCR was used to detect the following genes: alkaline phosphatase (mALP), transcription factor sp7 (mOsterix) and collagen type I or alpha 1 (mCOL-I). Finally, comet assay was also employed to assess the degree of damage or repair to the DNA. The results showed significant increase osteogenic markers and IL-10; and significant reduction in proinflammatory cytokines, %T, TM and OTM values in the MSC group when compared to the other groups (P<0.05). To sum up, this study illustrated that MSC showed a beneficial role in the treatment of RA through its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Moreover, it had a favorable role when combined with MTX as it provided better prognosis than when MTX is used alone.
Utilization and characterization of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) obtained from different natural biomasses as an economic excipient
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Emad Hussein Nada, Marwan; Khaled Sayed Hassan, Mayada; Mohamed Mahmoud Elhantiry, Nada; abd elrahman Eldeeb, Rawan
Many biomasses are burnt daily to get rid of them as they are available in a large amount and the human does not want them. This action can cause an environmental problem like air pollution. Also these biomasses like water hyacinth, rice husk and wheat husk are available, cheap materials which contain a high percent of lignin and cellulose; they can be used in an ecofriendly method as they can be used in the extraction of the MCC which works as an adsorbent. MCC can be used as an adsorbent for the pollutants in the contaminated water. MCC is a depolymerized alpha cellulose pure precursor. The MCC also can be used in the pharmaceutical field as a bulking agent, fat substitute, emulsifier, thickener and binder in tablets. MCC can be obtained from the three different biomasses by steam explosion, acid hydrolysis, reactive extrusion and enzyme mediated. In our study we used the acidic hydrolysis in the extraction of the microcrystalline cellulose from the three biomasses. We were looking forward for the extract of the microcrystalline cellulose by using the minimal cost, most effective and ecofriendly method. After that comparing the extracted microcrystalline cellulose with the microcrystalline cellulose found in the market according to the cost, NMR, SEM, FT -IR and XRD.
Monitoring the Role of Programmed Cell Death 1 and its Ligands in Autoimmune Systemic Lupus Erythematous Disease
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Mostafa, Ahmed; Ezzat, Eman; Mohsen, Mayar; Abdalaa, Walaa
Autoimmune diseases areone of the recent dangerous issues that occur without specific known reasons. This condition the immune system start to attack the host cells rather than protect the body from any harmful invasion considering these cells as a foreign substance needed to be attack. The reasons behind the falling of immune system to recognize the difference between the host cells and the foreign cells are unknown and they may be genetic, environmental, bad life style, uncontrolled diet or physiological reason. systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is one of the autoimmune diseases that mostly affect women in which the immune system start to attack the cells of the body result in many serious damage to different organs especially to skin, kidneys, liver and heart. For the diagnosis of SLE there are different assessment methods;either non-specific such as the serological test and the measuring of anti-dsDNA concentration in blood which increase with the presence of the disease or specific measuring through measuring the concentration of percentages of PD-1(program cell death that express on both CD3 T cells and CD19 B cells) and percentages of PD-L1(program cell death ligand that express on CD19 B cells).Both levelscan be measured using flow cytometer. Flow cytometer is an approach used to measure and detect various properties of the cells released to promote down regulation of immune system leading to of the autoimmune problem as a defense mechanism from the body against the up normal attacking of the immune system
THE BIOCHEMICAL EFFECT OF HERBAL TEA MIXTURE IN HIGH FAT DIET INDUCED OBESITY IN RATS
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Ibrahim, Esraa; Fawzy, Martina; Ashraf, Perihan; Ahmed, Shaden
Herbal medicine is a common alternative therapy employed in obesity. This study aims to investigate the biochemical effect of herbal tea mixture and its nano-formulation in the treatment of obesity in HFD-induced obese rats. The materials used were the tea mixture, consisting of white, green and Oolong teas, and its nano-formulation. Forty albino male rats are classified into eight groups, each group comprising of five rats were used. In order to induce obesity and initiate the treatment, the following design was followed: Group I: Control fed with normal feed pellets, Group II: High fat diet (HFD) and feed pellets fed for 13 weeks and 28 days, Group III: Stop Diet fed with HFD for 13 weeks, then of feed pellets only for 28 days, Group IV: HFD-fed for 13 weeks, afterwards, for twenty eight days tea mixture of 100 mg/kg was administered orally, Group V: HFD-fed for 13 weeks, afterwards, for twenty eight days tea Nano mixture of 100 mg/kg was administered orally, Group VI: HFD-fed for 13 weeks, afterwards, for twenty eight days tea mixture of 300 mg/kg was administered orally, Group VII: HFD-fed for 13 weeks, afterwards, for twenty eight days tea Nano mixture of 300 mg/kg was administered orally, Group VIII: HFD-fed for 13 weeks, afterwards, for twenty eight days orlistat of 200 mg/kg was administered orally. The results showed that the levels of TG, VLDL, and glucose in serum were significantly reduced in the treatment groups, while the serum levels of HDL, LDL TC, insulin, creatinine, ALT and AST showed no significant difference. The tea mixture treatment was proven to be more superior to the Orlistat in lowering serum TG and VLDL levels. In the ELISA analysis, serum leptin levels were decreased and serum adiponectin levels were increased in the treatment groups. In qRT-PCR analysis, the expression of Sirt1 and PPARγ genes was increased in the treatment groups, with a higher increase given by the nanoformulated mixture. Also, the expression of TNFα and ADD1/SREBP-1c was reduced in treatment groups, with a higher decrease given by nanoformulated mixture. These findings suggests that the tea mixture and its nanoformulation can treat obesity by inhibiting the pancreatic lipase, reduction in leptin and increase in adiponectin, regulation of genes, Sirt1 and PPARγ, that induce lipolysis, and decrease in SREBP-1c and TNFα, decreasing inflammation and adipogenesis.
Bioremediation of pharmaceuticals using alginate immobilized microorganisms
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Sherif Elsayed, Menat Allah; Ahmed Hassan, Noha; Ibrahim saber, Noha; Emad Ali, Nourhan
Pharmaceuticals wastes and their ways of disposal are an alarming problem nowadays and it is earning more awareness and realization from consumers and also professionals of healthcare. The acceleration in pollution in the environment coupled with the increase of wastes entering the eco-system has attracted the interest of researchers to focus on finding a way to remove these wastes in the most proper manner. Phenolic waste compounds mainly found in water and soil due to pollution from several industries such as petroleum, pesticides, plastic and pharmaceutical industries. phenolic compounds are harmful to human health and causes many health problems with the evolution of this problem Bioremediation arise because in nature everything is a food for something else, in bioremediation process the living organism is used in contaminated soil, water and air to thrive on the wastes in the contaminated area and convert the wastes from toxic form to another or completely degrading it. Bioremediation has many techniques as in situ or exsitu techniques on the basis of the pollutants and the type of used technique. Immobilization is preventing the free movement of enzymes or cells by using a supporter. Using immobilized enzymes or cells is preferred than using the soluble enzyme because immobilization techniques have many advantages. The most common method used is entrapment because of its easy, inexpensive and the polymer formed can be easily divided into particles with the desired size. Alginate is the supporter matrix as it natural, inert and stable.the objective is toexamine the bioremediation activity of some pharmaceutical compounds using alginate immobilized microorganisms and the biodegradation activity of both free and immobilized microorganisms in addition to studying the different factors affecting the degradation process as well as the stability of the immobilized cells. Hence, clear of the environment from these wastes in a safe way through several processes and techniques.
Pharmacological Study On Using A New Drug For Management Of Wound Healing In Rat Model
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Yousef, Aya Wagih; abd elAziz, Amany Gaber; Hanna, Merna Samy; Mohamed, Khaled Yahia
A wound is any break or damage in the surface of the skin and the wounds can be accidental like burns, abrasions, skin tears, paper cuts. There are two types of wounds: open wounds (penetration and blunt trauma wounds) and closed wounds (hematoma, blister and crush injuries). Wound healing is an essential physiological and complex process in which the skin and the tissue under it regenerate and repair themselves after injury. There are four stages of wound healing Hemostasis, Inflammatory, proliferative and formation of granulation tissue and remodeling and maturation stage. Hemostasis stage responsible for vasoconstriction and blood clotting. Inflammatory phase at which body release inflammatory mediators to prevent contamination. Proliferation stage aims to reduce wound area and encourage blood vessels to carry nutrients and oxygen to wound area. Last stage is remodeling which interested in achieving maximum stretchable strength of the skin. Many factors affecting wound healing such as age, hormones, nutrition, infection and oxygenation. Management of the open wounds include stop bleeding by pressure, clean wound area and use antibiotic the covering to prevent infection. For closed wound applying ice packs and medication are the ways to relieve pain. Natural products called home remediation can be used to help in wound healing such as turmeric, garlic, honey and coconut oil. Also, nutrition like vitamin C, proteins and zinc help in accelerate time of healing. Many parameters used to assessment the healing pattern and evaluate a drug activity like calculation of percentage of wound contraction, epithelization time and histopathological examination by using statistical methods as ANOVA. Scientists develop method to determine wound dimension by using transparent tracing paper, standardized photographs and video analysis. Also, there are many ways to measure wound volume include using graduated ruler and sterile blunt-tipped rod, analysis of structured light, using silicon rubber and weighing alginate molds.
Promoting wound healing in diabetic rats
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Elkabany, Nouran Mahmoud Fadl; GamalEldein, Doha Medhat; Mohamed, Donia Abdel Sameai; Mohamed, Hesham Ramadan
Diabetes" mellitus is a heterogeneous metabolic "disorder which defined as an increase in blood" glucose "levels and it is a common cause of delaying the wound healing process. The aim of this study is to"" determine the effect of vitamin E and zinc separately and in combination on wound healing process in diabetic rats. Wound healing passes through four stages: homeostasis, inflammatory phase, proliferative phase, and remodeling stage. The study was" conducted by using 12 male Wistar albino rats that were divided into four groups: (I) diabetic"' control group, (II) diabetic rats" receiving vitamin E (400mg), (III) diabetic rats receiving zinc (5mg), (IV) diabetic rats receiving a combination of both zinc and vitamin E. Induction of diabetes was done by intra-peritoneal injection of single dose of STZ (65 mg/kg) and after 72 hours blood glucose was measured. Two" cutaneous wounds were created at the dorsal
THE USE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR BRAIN TARGETING
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Abdelhameed Mohamed, Alyaa; Mohamed Galal, Arwa; Hesham Ahmed, Aya; Mohamed Mokhtar, Nohir
To achieve successful delivery to the brain, drugs should possess high lipid solubility and adequately-sufficient membrane permeability. Epilepsy is considered one of the most serious diseases worldwide that affects the brain. Zonisamide is an anti-epileptic drug (AED) that is known for its highly hydrophilic properties that hinder its passage across the blood brain barrier (BBB) efficiently. Therefore, the aim of this study is to improve the efficiency of the centrally acting Zonisamide, and the objective is to use the nanoparticles (NPs) technology for increasing the efficiency of the centrally acting Zonisamide. Nanodiamonds (NDs) carriers are known for their solubility enhancement for passing BBB. Drug loaded NDs were prepared and characterized for different in vitro aspects (particle size and zeta potential). 20 mg Zonisamide were diluted in 10 ml distilled water, NDs were added in a concentration of either 4 mg/10 ml or 6 mg/ml and sonicated in the presence of several excipients, which were added for the purpose of de-aggregation namely Albumin, Gelatin and Chitosan. Preparations were characterized for their particle size, zeta potential, in vitro drug release, as well as an in vivo biodistribution study using Tc-99 as a radio-marker. Zonisamide has been loaded on NDs successfully, the particle size of the formulation was within the nano range to be introduced through the nasal cavity, and the in vitro drug release of Zonisamide from the dialysis bag was sustained. The biodistribution study showed marked increased distribution of the formulation in the brain compared to the rest of the tissues. Thus, it can be concluded that Zonisamide loaded NDs is a successful formulation in delivery and targeting of Zonisamide to the brain.
The possible modulatory effect of piperine on experimentally-induced liver fibrosis
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Hassan, Ali Salem; Hassan, Eslam; r fawzy, Pola victo; Wahed, Nouran
Liver fibrosis is defined as failure of healing or repair in the liver tissue that is wounded or damaged, leading to accumulation of the extracellular matrix in the tissue. Liver fibrosis can eventually evolve into liver cirrhosis and liver cancer if not treated. Liver cirrhosis has a high mortality rate as it involves the loss of liver function. Liver scar formation is the characteristic mark for the fibro-genic response which began with production and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, which have changes on the liver architecture, mechanical and physical consequences, and also changes on the cellular functions. Liver fibrosis may occur due to many factors which include injuries due to alcoholism, hepatic viruses as virus B and virus C, diseases because of autoimmune response, parasites or disorders in metabolism. This experiment aims to Study the effect of piperine on experimentally-induced liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis was induced in mice by I.P injection of thioacetamide for 6 weeks which can lead to the production of reactive metabolites leading to oxidative stress resulting in the progression of liver fibrosis while piperine was given for 21 days. Mice were used and randomly divided into 3 groups each containing 6 mice. Parameters like (ALT, AST, TGF-β, SMAD3 and Collagen) were measured to detect the liver functions and the degree of the disease. It recommends anti-oxidant, anti- inflammatory and anti-fibrotic agents which are ways to improve the liver state and treat the liver fibrosis. The major alkaloid in black pepper is Piperine. Piperine has many pharmacological actions, but the most essential; it has antioxidant effect, anti- inflammatory effect. Due to its anti- oxidant property piperine has been validated for use in liver fibrosis while it decrease the scar formation and fibrotic cells which decrease TGF-β and collagen levels besides to anti-oxidant action which decrease the free radical production which decrease AST and ALT levels. In this study the piperine is used for 21 days on liver fibrosis after induction for 6 weeks by thioacetamide in mice.as result for this used, it shows a significant decrease in ALT, AST, SMD3, TGF-β and Collagen a1 which are the most significant parameters for liver fibrosis. After this potent hepatoprotective effect of piperine, it recommends to see its efficiency in humans. o Abstract
DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NARINGENIN DERIVATIVES
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Medhat Kamal Ahmed, Alaa; Muhumed Sugule, Leyla; Alaa Ogeez, Marwan; Ahmed Abdulhadi, Nouran
Naringenin is a flavanoid that belongs to a subclass known as flavanones present in several citrus fruits. It is a primary C15 intermediate in the biosynthesis pathway of flavonoids. It has a wide range of biological activity such as anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-Alzheimer, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, and cardio-protective, eye protective, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activities. Therefore, it is important to identify the mechanisms by which anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activities occur in naringenin because it makes it beneficial in the pharmaceutical industry. The anti-oxidant activity of naringenin is owed to the hydroxyl groups present in the 5th and 7th positions of ring A and 4' of ring B. The activity increased with a double bond between the second and third carbons in the C ring and electron- donating groups at position 3 in ring C. 5, 7 dihydroxy groups can stabilize the structure through resonance. The 4-carbonyl substituent and the 5-hydroxy group in naringenin are able to from complexes with transition metals-preventing the formation of free radicals. Naringenin can be synthesized from naringin by enzymatic hydrolysis using naringinase enzyme. Several derivatives can be synthesized from naringenin such as naringenin O-alkyl derivatives, naringeninoximes and oxime ethers, and the incorporation of biotransformation technology can also produce a number of derivatives. The derivatives are beneficial because they often have more potent biological activity. Our aim is to design new amine derivatives of naringenin, and test the biological activity of these synthesized derivatives against cancer cell lines. These derivatives were synthesized by aldol condensation reaction followed by the nucleophilic addition of different amines. Different spectroscopic methods of analysis, such as 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy, were used for structural characterization of the synthesized derivatives.Biological evaluation of these derivatives is expected to show increased anti-cancer activity in comparison to the parent compound, Naringenin.
In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-obesity Activity of Nano Formulation of a Standardized Extract of Oolong Tea, White Tea, and Green Tea Together with their Metabolic Profiling
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Youssef Habib, Youstena; Ephraim Mazoz, Andrew; Maher Halim, Michael; Diaa Awad, Mina
Obesity is one of the most critical and common problems in our world. According to the WHO (2016) 1.9 adults (39%) are overweight and around 650 million are obese. Herbal medicines have been used as anti-obesity for centuries as they are more affordable and have fewer side effects. Green (GT), white (WT), and oolong (OT) teas are derived from the same tea plant Camellia sinensis, but with different processing methods. The objective of our study is the evaluation of anti-obesity activity of the three types of tea through testing their pancreatic lipase and alpha amylase inhibitory activity. The dried tea leaves of each type were powdered and extracted with 1:1 ethanol (95%): water. The extract of each tea was evaporated under reduced pressure at 60˚C to yield 109, 70 and 55 g of GT, OT and WT, respectively. Total phenolic content was found to be 474.2, 294.25 and 338.4 mg/g extract gallic acid equivalent, respectively. GT, OT and WT showed in vitro pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity with IC50 14.25±5.4, 15.45±4.2 and 16.5±4.5 μg/ml with respect to the standard orlistat 28.96±6.4 μg/ml, while the mixture of the three teas potentiates the inhibition action and gives IC50 of 14.2±3.9 μg/ml. For amylase inhibition, an IC50 of 181.79±8.5, 192.07±7.75, and 256.18μg/ml were found for green, white, and oolong teas, respectively, while the mixture showed potentiation of inhibition at IC50 of 176.19 ± 8.9 μg/ml. Therefore, a nano-formulation was prepared from the mixture of the three teas to be tested in vivo in high fat induced obesity in rats at 100 and 300 mg/kg which showed significant decrease in glucose, VLDL, triglycerides, and the final weight in the treated groups. UPLC-MS/MS metabolic profiling of the three teas showed that caffeine, catechin and epicatechin are the major compounds detected in the three types of tea.
Screening of the antimicrobial effect of Lactobacillus isolates from dairy products on Staphylococcus aureus isolates.
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Taha Hussien, Ahmed; Ashraf Ashmawy, Adham; Said Abuzaid, Mohamed
Probiotics are live beneficial microorganism which can maintain human health when applied . Because of its inhibitory and potential antimicrobial effect against various kinds of bacteria and some human pathogenic strains, Lactobacillus is found to be the best type of probiotics to be studied . It can be found in milk and cheese ( C. Dunne, L. O'Mahony, 2001 ). Lactobacillus is the most commonly used probiotic in foods including yogurt and its use is extensive in preserving human health because it may help to treat menstrual diseases and skin eczema. It also produces antimicrobial peptides (bacteriocins) active against several pathogens (U. Schillinger, 1999) .Lactobacillus is found to has an antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus is gram-positive bacteria which are cocci-like and are typically arranged in grape-like clusters. Its a considerable bacterial disease causing a wide range of clinical manifestations. These organisms may develop at 18 C to 40 C temperatures and can grow aerobically or anaerobically. Therapy is still challenging because of multi-drug resistant strains such as MRSA (Staphylococcus aureus methicillin-resistant) is a multi-drug resistant line. S. Aureus is also found in normal human flora, located on the skin and mucous membranes. Consequently, our aim of this research is to investigate antimicrobial effect of Lactobacillus isolates from dairy products Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Achieving research aim can be carried out through the following steps: Isolation of Lactobacillus from different milk products, Identification of the isolates by Gram staining and biochemical reactions, Investigating the antimicrobial effect of Lactobacillus isolates on the isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (Walker SJ, Archer P,1990) .

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