Faculty Of Pharmacy Graduation Project 2019 - 2020

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Advanced electrochemical approaches for selective determination of selected drugs in different matrices
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Mohamed El-Saeed Saleh El-Zemaity, Mayar; Mahmoud Fathy, Nada; Maged Halim, Monica; El-Sayed Mohammed, Nancy
Electrochemistry is a science that deals with different methods and techniques used in analytical chemistry by introducing and measuring the relationship between different phases that contain electrons and other phases that contain ions. The movement of those electrons from one element to other leads to the generation of electricity by a reaction called redox reaction. There are three main electrochemical methods including voltammetry, conductometry and potentiometry. Voltammetry is considered to be an approach of the electrochemical methods used in the analytical chemistry as it shows a lot of information about the analyte by measuring the relationship between voltage, current and time that arise in the cell. This cell consists of three electrodes which are counter electrode, working electrode and references electrode. There are many types of voltammetry that are classified according to the change in potential such as linear sweep voltammetry, staircase voltammetry, normal pulse voltammetry, deferential pulse voltammetry, square wave voltammetry and stripping voltammetry. Moreover, screen printed electrode is a modified type of carbon paste electrode. It is an appropriate technique because no complex or expensive tools are required, and printer operations are quick and fast. It was used for the determination of penciclovir and entecavir. The stock standard solutions of both drugs were prepared of concentration (1.0×10 −3 M). acetate buffer, phosphate buffer and working electrode were also prepared. Positive increase in the electric current by increasing the voltage was found which indicated the oxidation process for both penciclovir and entecavir. After the determination of optimization factors, it was found that penciclovir followed diffusion phenomena. While entecavir was found to follow adsorption with diffusion phenomena. Furthermore, the most suitable pH for the determination of penciclovir and entecavir were found to be 5 and 8 respectively where the highest current occurred. Carbon Paste Electrode (CPE) was constructed to optimize the voltametric determination of both drugs. The test of three screen printed electrodes were done in order to test for the analysis of both drugs which are screen-printed multi-walled carbon nanotube electrode (SMWCNTE), Screen-printed Nano Platine Electrode (SNPE) and Screen-printed Nano Gold Electrode (SNGE).
Anticancer Activity of Cardiac Glycosides from Acokanthera Species withEmphasis on Their Mechanism of Action
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Abdeldayem, Ahmed; Said Alsaka, Amr; Mohamed, Mostafa; Ayman, Mayar
Cancer is a disease the cause a wide and huge mortality ratio all over the world especially lung cancer of NSCLC type. Because of the severe side effects of traditional chemotherapy and its severe side effects, the attention now is directed towards identification of anticancer activity of natural products such as cardiac glycosides. In this study, the major cardiac glycosides in Acokantheraoppostifolia plant were isolated and then tested for several investigations of anticancer activity on A549 cells and also evaluated for effects induced when these cardiac glycosides were combined with the traditional chemotherapeutic agents used as treatment for (NSCLC) Non-small cell lung cancer. The plant was extracted by 95% ethanol then fractionation and isolation resulted in 500mg of white needle crystals of cardiac glycosides which were identified through NMR spectroscopy that indicate to a major cardiac glycoside called Acovenoside A. several anticancer investigation were done for the isolated cardiac glycosides and the traditional chemotherapy and for combinations of them as viability and cytotoxicity assays. Investigations on cardiac glycosides indicated to IC50 of 395.901ug/ml while IC50 of taxol and carboplatin were 66.07ug/ml and 230.18ug/ml respectively with significant reduction in cell viability. Same investigations were done for different combination protocola as taxol and carboplatin that result in reduction in cell viability to 87.5%, 85.38%, 95.4% and 95.67%. While other combinations that include cardiac glycoside with taxol result in reduction in cell viability to 32.3% but with carboplatin results in 49.15% cell viability. The triple combination that include the three drugs results in 21.09% cell viability which indicate to the value of adding cardiac glycoside to the regimen. Flowcytometic analysis was done by Annexin V-FITC Assay Protocol that proved that cardiac glycoside in combinations induce preG apoptosis and cell growth arrest in different cell cycle phases depending on the composition of the combination.
Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Methodology as Tools of Quality by Design Approach for the Enhancement of the Solubility a Poorly Soluble Drug Using Albumin Nanoparticles
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Taha, Huda; Mohamed Hossam, Mahmoud; Mohamed Kamaly, Mahmoud; Khaled, Merna
The aim of the current work is the enhancement of the solubility of a poorly soluble drug using albumin nanoparticles by applying quality by design approach. using several tools as artificial neural network and response surface methodology for the optimization of albumin nanoparticles. Silymarin is an extract of dried milk thistle seed with many uses such as anticancer drug, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective agent. One of the main problems in the Silymarin that it has poor water solubility and poor bioavailability. This problem could be solved by its formulation in albumin nanoparticles. A complete quality target product profile has been constructed, and Ishikawa diagrams were very beneficial in the risk assessment study. Fractional factorial design was used in the screening, where time of stirring, albumin concentration, pH, drug amount, amount of ethanol and the type of solvent were the critical process parameters/ material attributes (CPP/MA), and were tested on the particle size, polydispersity index and the encapsulation efficiency, which were considered as the critical quality attributes (CQA). Whereas, D-optimal design the response surface design (RSD) and was used for the optimization step, where the drug amount and the albumin concentration were only tested on the same previously measured CQA. Artificial neural network (ANN) was applied, by taking the CPP/MA of the optimization design as the inputs and the measured CQA as the outputs, where the obtained correlation coefficients were compared with that obtained from the RSD,, and was found to be higher than the RSD. Design space and control strategies were generated, where an optimized formula as suggested from software was prepared and its results were compared with the expected ones to calculate the % bias, where the results reasonable agreement indicating the validity of the design. Thus quality by design was found to be a successful approach in the formulation and optimization of albumin nanoparticles loaded with silymarin. ANN showed better results than RSD, which could be used in many applications in industrial formulations.
THE BIOCHEMICAL EFFECT OF HERBAL TEA MIXTURE IN HIGH FAT DIET INDUCED OBESITY IN RATS
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Ibrahim, Esraa; Fawzy, Martina; Ashraf, Perihan; Ahmed, Shaden
Herbal medicine is a common alternative therapy employed in obesity. This study aims to investigate the biochemical effect of herbal tea mixture and its nano-formulation in the treatment of obesity in HFD-induced obese rats. The materials used were the tea mixture, consisting of white, green and Oolong teas, and its nano-formulation. Forty albino male rats are classified into eight groups, each group comprising of five rats were used. In order to induce obesity and initiate the treatment, the following design was followed: Group I: Control fed with normal feed pellets, Group II: High fat diet (HFD) and feed pellets fed for 13 weeks and 28 days, Group III: Stop Diet fed with HFD for 13 weeks, then of feed pellets only for 28 days, Group IV: HFD-fed for 13 weeks, afterwards, for twenty eight days tea mixture of 100 mg/kg was administered orally, Group V: HFD-fed for 13 weeks, afterwards, for twenty eight days tea Nano mixture of 100 mg/kg was administered orally, Group VI: HFD-fed for 13 weeks, afterwards, for twenty eight days tea mixture of 300 mg/kg was administered orally, Group VII: HFD-fed for 13 weeks, afterwards, for twenty eight days tea Nano mixture of 300 mg/kg was administered orally, Group VIII: HFD-fed for 13 weeks, afterwards, for twenty eight days orlistat of 200 mg/kg was administered orally. The results showed that the levels of TG, VLDL, and glucose in serum were significantly reduced in the treatment groups, while the serum levels of HDL, LDL TC, insulin, creatinine, ALT and AST showed no significant difference. The tea mixture treatment was proven to be more superior to the Orlistat in lowering serum TG and VLDL levels. In the ELISA analysis, serum leptin levels were decreased and serum adiponectin levels were increased in the treatment groups. In qRT-PCR analysis, the expression of Sirt1 and PPARγ genes was increased in the treatment groups, with a higher increase given by the nanoformulated mixture. Also, the expression of TNFα and ADD1/SREBP-1c was reduced in treatment groups, with a higher decrease given by nanoformulated mixture. These findings suggests that the tea mixture and its nanoformulation can treat obesity by inhibiting the pancreatic lipase, reduction in leptin and increase in adiponectin, regulation of genes, Sirt1 and PPARγ, that induce lipolysis, and decrease in SREBP-1c and TNFα, decreasing inflammation and adipogenesis.
Bioremediation of pharmaceuticals using alginate immobilized microorganisms
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Sherif Elsayed, Menat Allah; Ahmed Hassan, Noha; Ibrahim saber, Noha; Emad Ali, Nourhan
Pharmaceuticals wastes and their ways of disposal are an alarming problem nowadays and it is earning more awareness and realization from consumers and also professionals of healthcare. The acceleration in pollution in the environment coupled with the increase of wastes entering the eco-system has attracted the interest of researchers to focus on finding a way to remove these wastes in the most proper manner. Phenolic waste compounds mainly found in water and soil due to pollution from several industries such as petroleum, pesticides, plastic and pharmaceutical industries. phenolic compounds are harmful to human health and causes many health problems with the evolution of this problem Bioremediation arise because in nature everything is a food for something else, in bioremediation process the living organism is used in contaminated soil, water and air to thrive on the wastes in the contaminated area and convert the wastes from toxic form to another or completely degrading it. Bioremediation has many techniques as in situ or exsitu techniques on the basis of the pollutants and the type of used technique. Immobilization is preventing the free movement of enzymes or cells by using a supporter. Using immobilized enzymes or cells is preferred than using the soluble enzyme because immobilization techniques have many advantages. The most common method used is entrapment because of its easy, inexpensive and the polymer formed can be easily divided into particles with the desired size. Alginate is the supporter matrix as it natural, inert and stable.the objective is toexamine the bioremediation activity of some pharmaceutical compounds using alginate immobilized microorganisms and the biodegradation activity of both free and immobilized microorganisms in addition to studying the different factors affecting the degradation process as well as the stability of the immobilized cells. Hence, clear of the environment from these wastes in a safe way through several processes and techniques.
Bioremediation of pharmaceuticals using alginate immobilized microorganisms
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 6/25/2020) Mohamed Ahmed Abd Elhak Elgohary, Ahmedو; Hazem Sami Tantawi Elserwi, Mariam; Ahmed Mohammed Mahdy El-Tohamy Salm, Marwa; Magdy Mohamed Abdelaziz Elsherif, May
Water Poverty by 2025, half of the world’s population will be living in water-stressed areas. In least developed countries, 22% of health care facilities have no water service, which will have a negative effect on public health in those countries
Colon- specific Multi-particular System of protein Delivery: A Potential Approach for Treatment of Colon Cancer
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Gamal El Morsy, Ahmed; Alaa Zaki, Mahmoud; Tarek El Hawary, Nouran; Hussein Ibrahim, Zahraa
Colon cancer is one of most common types of cancer and the second cause of death worldwide. Colon- specific drug delivery systems (CDDS) are carried out to reduce systemic side effects and improving protein-drugs’ oral bioavailability. Bee Venom is a protein that inhibits growth of cancer cells. Three different oral Bee Venom (BV)-chitosan microspheres formulations were prepared and evaluated using different BV: chitosan ratios 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 for formulations F1, F2 and F3 respectively. Coating of microspheres was done using Eudragit S100 (ES100) by solvent evaporation method. Pre-clinical study was done to determine oral safety dose of BV and LD50 using rat. The prepared microspheres were characterized by percentage yield, degree of swelling, surface morphology using scanning electron microscope (SEM), in-vitro release study and entrapment efficiency. Upon determination of its safety dose on rats; Results showed that the maximum safety oral dose appeared to be 64 mg/kg after pre-clinical investigation. The percentage of drug release study after 12 hours was found to be 82.35, 75.9, 60.26 % for the formulations F1, F2 & F3, with a percentage yield of 80, 89.1 & 92.35% respectively. The degree of swelling showed the ability of BV-ES100 coated microspheres to resist the pH in upper GIT. The microspheres were spherical shaped with a smooth surface upon scanning with SEM. In conclusion, the results showed that the coated BV-chitosan microspheres are a promising system for colon- specific drug delivery..
The design of secretase inhibitors as potential anti Alzheimer agents
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Abdelgawad Ahmed, Mahmoud; Adel Abdallah, Mennatallah; Ashraf Ahmed, Menna; Magdy Boules, Merna
Alzheimer disease is a severe neurodegenerative disease concerns with a massive impact on health of individuals. Researchers assumed that there are two main neuropathological hypotheses which are; cholinergic hypothesis and beta amyloid plaques hypothesis. The amyloid cascade hypothesis involves the cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by secretase enzymes and accumulation of β amyloid insoluble peptides in brain because of the incorrect actions of those different secretase enzymes known as α, γ and β secretase. These insoluble plaques trigger a series of events leading to dementia and neuronal dysfunction. Several research and development centers support the idea of discovering a new disease modifying therapy as anti-amyloid agent which inhibits the action of secretase enzymes involved in the pathophysiology. Therefore, we aim to develop a potential new anti-amyloid agent targeting beta secretase enzyme with the least possible side effects to treat AD efficiently and prevent the aggregation of β amyloid plaques. A structure-based pharmacophore approach was used to identify the essential features responsible for the inhibitory activity. A pharmacophore model was generated through using 3 PDB codes, validation and screening against FDA approved drugs database was carried out using LigandScout. It was found that the key features were: two hydrophobic, one positive ionizable, and one hydrogen bond donor interaction. After virtual-screening, 61 hits were found to be fulfilled our generated pharmacophore, 10 hits were selected from them after filtering with their molecular weight and pharmacophore fit score. Then molecular docking for the previously identified 10 hits is performed using MOE software. Best poses for the 10 hits were found to have similar interactions with the amino acids same as in our generated pharmacophore. This could be useful for repurposing of an already existing drug to be effective as BACE-1 inhibitor based on the idea of repurposing of drugs
DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NARINGENIN DERIVATIVES
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Medhat Kamal Ahmed, Alaa; Muhumed Sugule, Leyla; Alaa Ogeez, Marwan; Ahmed Abdulhadi, Nouran
Naringenin is a flavanoid that belongs to a subclass known as flavanones present in several citrus fruits. It is a primary C15 intermediate in the biosynthesis pathway of flavonoids. It has a wide range of biological activity such as anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-Alzheimer, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, and cardio-protective, eye protective, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activities. Therefore, it is important to identify the mechanisms by which anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activities occur in naringenin because it makes it beneficial in the pharmaceutical industry. The anti-oxidant activity of naringenin is owed to the hydroxyl groups present in the 5th and 7th positions of ring A and 4' of ring B. The activity increased with a double bond between the second and third carbons in the C ring and electron- donating groups at position 3 in ring C. 5, 7 dihydroxy groups can stabilize the structure through resonance. The 4-carbonyl substituent and the 5-hydroxy group in naringenin are able to from complexes with transition metals-preventing the formation of free radicals. Naringenin can be synthesized from naringin by enzymatic hydrolysis using naringinase enzyme. Several derivatives can be synthesized from naringenin such as naringenin O-alkyl derivatives, naringeninoximes and oxime ethers, and the incorporation of biotransformation technology can also produce a number of derivatives. The derivatives are beneficial because they often have more potent biological activity. Our aim is to design new amine derivatives of naringenin, and test the biological activity of these synthesized derivatives against cancer cell lines. These derivatives were synthesized by aldol condensation reaction followed by the nucleophilic addition of different amines. Different spectroscopic methods of analysis, such as 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy, were used for structural characterization of the synthesized derivatives.Biological evaluation of these derivatives is expected to show increased anti-cancer activity in comparison to the parent compound, Naringenin.
Evaluating the Role of CAMP in Sleep Deprivation
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Raafat, Clara; Gerges, John; Emad, Kirolos; Wagdy, Maria
Sleep deprivation is a condition of disrupted sleep cycle, it happens when an individual does not get enough sleep necessary for the individual to wake up alert enough during the day. It can be acute or chronic. Some of the causes of sleep deprivation are imposed on the individual as the nature of his/her occupation and working schedule, health conditions, use of some drugs and insomnia. Other causes are related to habits or individual responses as excessive alcohol consumption, personal obligations and emotional stress. cAMP is an important secondary messenger and it regulates a lot of functions in the human body. Rolipram is a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor and should prevent the hydrolysis of cAMP. On the other hand the action of chlorogenic acid is to activate calcineurin which inactivates the DARPP-32 thus allowing the dephosphorylation of protein kinase A and reversing the action of cAMP. The aim of this study is to investigate a different mechanism by which cAMP affects sleep deprivation and the effects of its elevation on memory and the learning abilities of sleep deprived mice using rolipram and chlorogenic acid. Induction of sleep deprivation test used in this study by flower pot method dividing the mice into four groups each group consists of six mice. Mice injected with the corresponding treatment and their learning memory tested with Morris water maze. Hippocampus screening is used for the assay of cAMP and Nrf-2 using ELISA. GSK3β, CREB and PKA levels are measured by Western Blot technique. The results showed that the rolipram inhibits the degradation of cAMP that activates the PKA pathway the level of GSK3-beta, NFR2 and the CREB increased. In conclusion, activation of cAMP leads to improvement of memory, increase of cognition abilities and decrease in inflammation and oxidative stress. On the other hand cholorgenic acid has opposing mechanism against rolipram which leads to decrease in the levels of GSK3-b, NFR2 and CREB.
Evaluation of the treatment effectiveness of HIV-infected Kaposi sarcoma patients in Egypt.
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Ayman Salah, Aya; Alaa Abdul Wahab, Dina; Tarek Abbas, Mayar; Saad Mohy, Nada
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most common tumor associated with HV. KS develops as lesions that appear on the skin, lymph nodes, lung, digestive tract and mucosal lining. The color of such lesions can be brown, pink, red or violet and it is difficult to be distinguished in individuals with dark skin. Our study focuses on HIV associated KS (HIV-KS) in Egypt and it was found that HIV-KS patients are treated with a combination of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and chemotherapy. The main 3 chemotherapy regimens used are liposomal doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and ABV (Adriamycin, bleomycin and vincristine\vinblastine). Studies revealed the variation of efficacy between the 3 regimens with or without the HAART therapy, however such studies are lacking on Egyptian patients. The aim of the current study is to assess and compare the efficacy of the treatments systemically and clinically in HIV-KS Egyptian patients. Since inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α) have been confirmed about their significant role in initiation and progression of HIV-KS therefore we rely on them in our study to assess the efficacy of different regimen during a period of three months by collecting blood samples at the beginning of the study and after 3 months period for measurement of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels by using sandwich ELISA technique. Moreover, lesions will be assessed regarding their size, shape, color and height.
Genetic Basis Associated with Osteoporosis: An in-vivo Study
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Hossam ELdeen Khalil, Bouthaina; Sherif Aly, Nourhan; Naser Salah, Mariam; Taher Salem, Zina
Osteoporosis is a very common disease that affects the bones and is characterized by decreased bone mineral density, as a result of impaired bone mineralization. Consequently, patients suffering from osteoporosis are highly prone to fractures, which sometimes can be life-threatening. Usually, patients suffering from osteoporosis have no symptoms until the first fracture occurs. Osteoporosis is primarily diagnosed by low Bone Mineral Density (BMD), which is assessed using DEXA scan. Besides bisphosphonates, which are used as the first line of treatment for osteoporosis, Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) are also commonly used. Lately, studying the pathogenesis of osteoporosis on the molecular level has gained more attention. Several miRNAs, genes and epigenetic modifications have been linked to osteoporosis. This allows for better understanding of the disease incidence, progression, and treatment. The main aim of this work is to study the molecular mechanisms fundamental for the progression and treatment of osteoporosis. Using bone samples from established osteoporotic rat models, we investigated the role of WNT-signalling pathway in osteoporosis development and treatment, in addition to the role of histone acetylation and miR-148a-3p in progression and treatment of the disease. Our study suggests that WNT-signalling pathway is inhibited during the progression of osteoporosis; and that upon treatment, WNT-signalling recovers to close-to-normal levels. Our work also indicates that the extent of histone acetylation of WNT-1 gene, and the level of miR- 148a-3p, could be involved in the regulation of WNT-signalling pathway during the progression and treatment of osteoporosis. Taken together, our results show that targeting WNT-signalling pathway for the development of future treatments for osteoporosis seems to be a realistic option.
In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-obesity Activity of Nano Formulation of a Standardized Extract of Oolong Tea, White Tea, and Green Tea Together with their Metabolic Profiling
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Youssef Habib, Youstena; Ephraim Mazoz, Andrew; Maher Halim, Michael; Diaa Awad, Mina
Obesity is one of the most critical and common problems in our world. According to the WHO (2016) 1.9 adults (39%) are overweight and around 650 million are obese. Herbal medicines have been used as anti-obesity for centuries as they are more affordable and have fewer side effects. Green (GT), white (WT), and oolong (OT) teas are derived from the same tea plant Camellia sinensis, but with different processing methods. The objective of our study is the evaluation of anti-obesity activity of the three types of tea through testing their pancreatic lipase and alpha amylase inhibitory activity. The dried tea leaves of each type were powdered and extracted with 1:1 ethanol (95%): water. The extract of each tea was evaporated under reduced pressure at 60˚C to yield 109, 70 and 55 g of GT, OT and WT, respectively. Total phenolic content was found to be 474.2, 294.25 and 338.4 mg/g extract gallic acid equivalent, respectively. GT, OT and WT showed in vitro pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity with IC50 14.25±5.4, 15.45±4.2 and 16.5±4.5 μg/ml with respect to the standard orlistat 28.96±6.4 μg/ml, while the mixture of the three teas potentiates the inhibition action and gives IC50 of 14.2±3.9 μg/ml. For amylase inhibition, an IC50 of 181.79±8.5, 192.07±7.75, and 256.18μg/ml were found for green, white, and oolong teas, respectively, while the mixture showed potentiation of inhibition at IC50 of 176.19 ± 8.9 μg/ml. Therefore, a nano-formulation was prepared from the mixture of the three teas to be tested in vivo in high fat induced obesity in rats at 100 and 300 mg/kg which showed significant decrease in glucose, VLDL, triglycerides, and the final weight in the treated groups. UPLC-MS/MS metabolic profiling of the three teas showed that caffeine, catechin and epicatechin are the major compounds detected in the three types of tea.
In-vivo study of Chrysin against Scopolamine induced dementia in rats
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Sayed, Hisham
Alzheimer's disease is a dementia type that lead to memory, behavior and thinking problems. It starts by developing symptoms slowly then get worsen. It is world wide spread disease about 1 of 9 persons over the age of 65 are suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of our study is to prove the therapeutic effect of chrysin in treating scopolamine induced dementia. Scopolamine is a muscarinic receptor blocker which antagonizes effect of acetylcholine in cortex and hippocampus. Scopolamine also increases acetylcholine esterase, tau protein and b-amyloid protein levels which cause impaired cognition and cholinergic dysfunction. Chrysin is a hydroxylated flavone derivative found in many planets such as honey and propolis. Chrysin has a protective effect in brain through dampening the free radical generation which cause destruction of neurons, inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and interleukin- 1b (IL-1b) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia. The experimental design of the study consist of thirty male albino rats will be divided into 5 groups (6 rats for each group).Group one was the normal group, Group two was injected by scopolamine in 1 mg/kg dose for seven days in order to induction of Alzheimer’s disease, Group three received donepezil in 2.5 mg/kg once daily for seven days as a standard group, Group 4: was pre-treated with Chrysin and Group 5 received Chrysin with donepezil at the same time. Parameters will be measured are ACHE, NFr2, HO-1, amyloid B and GSK3 expression. Finally, after administration of Chrysin, donepezil and combination between the two drugs for the drugs for 14 days, the results show a significally decreased in acetyl choline esterase levels and amyloid beta levels for the treated group (Chrysin, donepezil, and combination) while show a significally increased in scopolamine group. On the other hand, the heme oxgynase-1 and Nrf2 was significally increased in acetyl choline esterase levels and amyloid beta levels for the treated group (Chrysin, donepezil, and combination) while show a significally decreased in scopolamine group. Also, Western blot results shows that the expression of GSK3 in the treated group was significantly higher than the scopolamine group. However, Chrysin was shown to increased Gsk3 expression. o Abstract
Investigate the prognostic values of Telomerase expression in breast cancer
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Mohamed Ibrahim, Abdelrahman; Tarek Abbas, Abdullah; Tarek Mohamed, Israa; Mohamed Adel, Mennaallah
Background: Several studies have shown up-regulated telomerase activities to be linked to poor prognosis, survival of cancer cells, cancer progression and may also increase drug resistance of breast cancer, however, our understanding of telomerase activity in breast cancer remain limited. Aim of work: to investigate the role of telomerase expression in breast cancer prognosis. Furthermore, the association between telomerase expression and with other parameters including tumor features including: clinicopathology parameters disease outcome, disease recurrence and hormone receptor status was assessed. Objective: the current study is to examine the association between telomerase expression and survival to evaluate the current state of knowledge concerning the value of telomerase expression as a prognostic factor. METHODS: A 63 women (patients) above 18 years old eligible pathologically proven with metastatic breast cancer presenting to Oncology Clinic of Baheya Cancer Center during duration of study were enrolled in this study. All patients were scheduled to receive adjuvant treatment after surgical interference. The data will be extracted from Electronic Medical Records into a designed standard clinical data sheet. Including clinical and pathological characteristic of study population, Telomerase expression test is done by collecting Blood sample at end of experiment according to hospital protocol (for serum sample). RNA extraction by commercially available kits (RT-PCR) hTERT detection (to detect positive &negative results). Only sample clearly positive twice were scored as positive. The test done in Baheya hospital lab. Statistical analysis of result by fisher’s exact test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Result: Clinical and pathological characteristics of the study population revealed that about 76% of patients with age raged from (41-70) years old and about 67% of patient had BMI of ( 31- above 40 kg\m2 ).while (34.92%) of patients were PR+ER (+ve) and 12.69% were HER2 (+ve).Moreover 41.5% of patients received both chemotherapy and hormonal therapy .In addition, telomerase expression was detected in …….. % of patients which tended to. Conclusion: telomerase expression might reserve as a good target for breast cancer treatment and prognosis. Telomerase expression could be useful as biomarker for evaluation of breast cancer and enzyme might serve as good target for anticancer drug.
Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriophages as Potential Alternative Therapy for Infections Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Gram-negative Pathogens
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Mahmoud ElHendawy, Abdelrahman; Tarek Mohamed, Esraa; EssamEldin Allam, Hend; Alaa Hassan, Osama
No shadow of a doubt that the emerging of resistance of Gram-negative nosocomial infections rings the bell of danger, especially after they proved their resistance against carbapenems which was the last resort of antibiotics. In recent years, researchers have changed their destinations to start studying bacteriophages after a decade of no new classes of antibiotics which were known as “dry pipeline”. This study aims to investigate the potential of using lytic bacteriophages as an alternative therapy to antibiotics for MDR infections caused by biofilm-producing Gram-negative bacteria “Klebsiella pneumoniae”, “Acinetobacter baumannii” and “Pseudomonas aeruginosa”, 30 clinical bacterial isolates for each bacterial species were collected from hospitals in Cairo, Egypt and identified phenotypically, then tested for their resistance against antibiotics using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Liquid sewage samples were collected from sewage stations and hospitals around Egypt then were processed without filtration or centrifugation and incubated with the bacteria to propagate the phages present, furthermore, phages were hunted using spotting assay, isolated and purified by serial dilution 7 times.
A Metabolomics Approach for Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Mostafa Khattab, Farida; Osama Ibrahim, Mahmoud; Tharwat Farag, Moaz; Kamel Elmenshawy, Omar
Chronic diseases implement a burden on the community and on the individual because of their complex etiologies and risk factors, osteoporosis is one of the most common chronic disease affecting elderly especially postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis is treated by a variety of drugs and most commonly bisphosphonates as risedronate, however from being highly efficient in restoring bone physiology oral risedronate has low bioavailability and restrictions for absorption. A previous study was conducted to formulate inhaled risedronate to overcome the barriers associated with low bioavailability. For this, experimental animals, rats, were divided into four groups as normal control, dextamethasone-induced diseased group, diseased treated with standard oral risderonate, and diseased treated with novel inhaled risedronate. In this research, metabolomics, which represents the comprehensive analysis of small molecules, was used to compare the metabolites of the control to the diseased group with the aim of finding potential biomarkers for diagnosis as well as evaluating the efficacy of the novel formulation. Following serum collection and extraction, lipids were analyzed with usage of Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) couples with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS). Additionally, metabolites were analyzed using UPLC and Gas Chromatography (GC) coupled to Mass Spectrometry (MS). Multivariate data analysis (MVDA) revealed the presence of significant biomarkers including sugars, amino acids and lipids. Moreover, to finalize our findings metabolites map was conducted, results were interpreted to understand their association with osteoporosis and evaluated to estimate their potential as diagnostic biomarkers
Monitoring the Role of Programmed Cell Death 1 and its Ligands in Autoimmune Systemic Lupus Erythematous Disease
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Mostafa, Ahmed; Ezzat, Eman; Mohsen, Mayar; Abdalaa, Walaa
Autoimmune diseases areone of the recent dangerous issues that occur without specific known reasons. This condition the immune system start to attack the host cells rather than protect the body from any harmful invasion considering these cells as a foreign substance needed to be attack. The reasons behind the falling of immune system to recognize the difference between the host cells and the foreign cells are unknown and they may be genetic, environmental, bad life style, uncontrolled diet or physiological reason. systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is one of the autoimmune diseases that mostly affect women in which the immune system start to attack the cells of the body result in many serious damage to different organs especially to skin, kidneys, liver and heart. For the diagnosis of SLE there are different assessment methods;either non-specific such as the serological test and the measuring of anti-dsDNA concentration in blood which increase with the presence of the disease or specific measuring through measuring the concentration of percentages of PD-1(program cell death that express on both CD3 T cells and CD19 B cells) and percentages of PD-L1(program cell death ligand that express on CD19 B cells).Both levelscan be measured using flow cytometer. Flow cytometer is an approach used to measure and detect various properties of the cells released to promote down regulation of immune system leading to of the autoimmune problem as a defense mechanism from the body against the up normal attacking of the immune system
Pharmacological Study On Using A New Drug For Management Of Wound Healing In Rat Model
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Yousef, Aya Wagih; abd elAziz, Amany Gaber; Hanna, Merna Samy; Mohamed, Khaled Yahia
A wound is any break or damage in the surface of the skin and the wounds can be accidental like burns, abrasions, skin tears, paper cuts. There are two types of wounds: open wounds (penetration and blunt trauma wounds) and closed wounds (hematoma, blister and crush injuries). Wound healing is an essential physiological and complex process in which the skin and the tissue under it regenerate and repair themselves after injury. There are four stages of wound healing Hemostasis, Inflammatory, proliferative and formation of granulation tissue and remodeling and maturation stage. Hemostasis stage responsible for vasoconstriction and blood clotting. Inflammatory phase at which body release inflammatory mediators to prevent contamination. Proliferation stage aims to reduce wound area and encourage blood vessels to carry nutrients and oxygen to wound area. Last stage is remodeling which interested in achieving maximum stretchable strength of the skin. Many factors affecting wound healing such as age, hormones, nutrition, infection and oxygenation. Management of the open wounds include stop bleeding by pressure, clean wound area and use antibiotic the covering to prevent infection. For closed wound applying ice packs and medication are the ways to relieve pain. Natural products called home remediation can be used to help in wound healing such as turmeric, garlic, honey and coconut oil. Also, nutrition like vitamin C, proteins and zinc help in accelerate time of healing. Many parameters used to assessment the healing pattern and evaluate a drug activity like calculation of percentage of wound contraction, epithelization time and histopathological examination by using statistical methods as ANOVA. Scientists develop method to determine wound dimension by using transparent tracing paper, standardized photographs and video analysis. Also, there are many ways to measure wound volume include using graduated ruler and sterile blunt-tipped rod, analysis of structured light, using silicon rubber and weighing alginate molds.
The possible modulatory effect of piperine on experimentally-induced liver fibrosis
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Hassan, Ali Salem; Hassan, Eslam; r fawzy, Pola victo; Wahed, Nouran
Liver fibrosis is defined as failure of healing or repair in the liver tissue that is wounded or damaged, leading to accumulation of the extracellular matrix in the tissue. Liver fibrosis can eventually evolve into liver cirrhosis and liver cancer if not treated. Liver cirrhosis has a high mortality rate as it involves the loss of liver function. Liver scar formation is the characteristic mark for the fibro-genic response which began with production and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, which have changes on the liver architecture, mechanical and physical consequences, and also changes on the cellular functions. Liver fibrosis may occur due to many factors which include injuries due to alcoholism, hepatic viruses as virus B and virus C, diseases because of autoimmune response, parasites or disorders in metabolism. This experiment aims to Study the effect of piperine on experimentally-induced liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis was induced in mice by I.P injection of thioacetamide for 6 weeks which can lead to the production of reactive metabolites leading to oxidative stress resulting in the progression of liver fibrosis while piperine was given for 21 days. Mice were used and randomly divided into 3 groups each containing 6 mice. Parameters like (ALT, AST, TGF-β, SMAD3 and Collagen) were measured to detect the liver functions and the degree of the disease. It recommends anti-oxidant, anti- inflammatory and anti-fibrotic agents which are ways to improve the liver state and treat the liver fibrosis. The major alkaloid in black pepper is Piperine. Piperine has many pharmacological actions, but the most essential; it has antioxidant effect, anti- inflammatory effect. Due to its anti- oxidant property piperine has been validated for use in liver fibrosis while it decrease the scar formation and fibrotic cells which decrease TGF-β and collagen levels besides to anti-oxidant action which decrease the free radical production which decrease AST and ALT levels. In this study the piperine is used for 21 days on liver fibrosis after induction for 6 weeks by thioacetamide in mice.as result for this used, it shows a significant decrease in ALT, AST, SMD3, TGF-β and Collagen a1 which are the most significant parameters for liver fibrosis. After this potent hepatoprotective effect of piperine, it recommends to see its efficiency in humans. o Abstract

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