Faculty Of Pharmacy Graduation Project 2019 - 2020

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The possible modulatory effect of piperine on experimentally-induced liver fibrosis
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Hassan, Ali Salem; Hassan, Eslam; r fawzy, Pola victo; Wahed, Nouran
Liver fibrosis is defined as failure of healing or repair in the liver tissue that is wounded or damaged, leading to accumulation of the extracellular matrix in the tissue. Liver fibrosis can eventually evolve into liver cirrhosis and liver cancer if not treated. Liver cirrhosis has a high mortality rate as it involves the loss of liver function. Liver scar formation is the characteristic mark for the fibro-genic response which began with production and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, which have changes on the liver architecture, mechanical and physical consequences, and also changes on the cellular functions. Liver fibrosis may occur due to many factors which include injuries due to alcoholism, hepatic viruses as virus B and virus C, diseases because of autoimmune response, parasites or disorders in metabolism. This experiment aims to Study the effect of piperine on experimentally-induced liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis was induced in mice by I.P injection of thioacetamide for 6 weeks which can lead to the production of reactive metabolites leading to oxidative stress resulting in the progression of liver fibrosis while piperine was given for 21 days. Mice were used and randomly divided into 3 groups each containing 6 mice. Parameters like (ALT, AST, TGF-β, SMAD3 and Collagen) were measured to detect the liver functions and the degree of the disease. It recommends anti-oxidant, anti- inflammatory and anti-fibrotic agents which are ways to improve the liver state and treat the liver fibrosis. The major alkaloid in black pepper is Piperine. Piperine has many pharmacological actions, but the most essential; it has antioxidant effect, anti- inflammatory effect. Due to its anti- oxidant property piperine has been validated for use in liver fibrosis while it decrease the scar formation and fibrotic cells which decrease TGF-β and collagen levels besides to anti-oxidant action which decrease the free radical production which decrease AST and ALT levels. In this study the piperine is used for 21 days on liver fibrosis after induction for 6 weeks by thioacetamide in mice.as result for this used, it shows a significant decrease in ALT, AST, SMD3, TGF-β and Collagen a1 which are the most significant parameters for liver fibrosis. After this potent hepatoprotective effect of piperine, it recommends to see its efficiency in humans. o Abstract
Pharmacological Study On Using A New Drug For Management Of Wound Healing In Rat Model
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Yousef, Aya Wagih; abd elAziz, Amany Gaber; Hanna, Merna Samy; Mohamed, Khaled Yahia
A wound is any break or damage in the surface of the skin and the wounds can be accidental like burns, abrasions, skin tears, paper cuts. There are two types of wounds: open wounds (penetration and blunt trauma wounds) and closed wounds (hematoma, blister and crush injuries). Wound healing is an essential physiological and complex process in which the skin and the tissue under it regenerate and repair themselves after injury. There are four stages of wound healing Hemostasis, Inflammatory, proliferative and formation of granulation tissue and remodeling and maturation stage. Hemostasis stage responsible for vasoconstriction and blood clotting. Inflammatory phase at which body release inflammatory mediators to prevent contamination. Proliferation stage aims to reduce wound area and encourage blood vessels to carry nutrients and oxygen to wound area. Last stage is remodeling which interested in achieving maximum stretchable strength of the skin. Many factors affecting wound healing such as age, hormones, nutrition, infection and oxygenation. Management of the open wounds include stop bleeding by pressure, clean wound area and use antibiotic the covering to prevent infection. For closed wound applying ice packs and medication are the ways to relieve pain. Natural products called home remediation can be used to help in wound healing such as turmeric, garlic, honey and coconut oil. Also, nutrition like vitamin C, proteins and zinc help in accelerate time of healing. Many parameters used to assessment the healing pattern and evaluate a drug activity like calculation of percentage of wound contraction, epithelization time and histopathological examination by using statistical methods as ANOVA. Scientists develop method to determine wound dimension by using transparent tracing paper, standardized photographs and video analysis. Also, there are many ways to measure wound volume include using graduated ruler and sterile blunt-tipped rod, analysis of structured light, using silicon rubber and weighing alginate molds.
In-vivo study of Chrysin against Scopolamine induced dementia in rats
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Sayed, Hisham
Alzheimer's disease is a dementia type that lead to memory, behavior and thinking problems. It starts by developing symptoms slowly then get worsen. It is world wide spread disease about 1 of 9 persons over the age of 65 are suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of our study is to prove the therapeutic effect of chrysin in treating scopolamine induced dementia. Scopolamine is a muscarinic receptor blocker which antagonizes effect of acetylcholine in cortex and hippocampus. Scopolamine also increases acetylcholine esterase, tau protein and b-amyloid protein levels which cause impaired cognition and cholinergic dysfunction. Chrysin is a hydroxylated flavone derivative found in many planets such as honey and propolis. Chrysin has a protective effect in brain through dampening the free radical generation which cause destruction of neurons, inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and interleukin- 1b (IL-1b) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia. The experimental design of the study consist of thirty male albino rats will be divided into 5 groups (6 rats for each group).Group one was the normal group, Group two was injected by scopolamine in 1 mg/kg dose for seven days in order to induction of Alzheimer’s disease, Group three received donepezil in 2.5 mg/kg once daily for seven days as a standard group, Group 4: was pre-treated with Chrysin and Group 5 received Chrysin with donepezil at the same time. Parameters will be measured are ACHE, NFr2, HO-1, amyloid B and GSK3 expression. Finally, after administration of Chrysin, donepezil and combination between the two drugs for the drugs for 14 days, the results show a significally decreased in acetyl choline esterase levels and amyloid beta levels for the treated group (Chrysin, donepezil, and combination) while show a significally increased in scopolamine group. On the other hand, the heme oxgynase-1 and Nrf2 was significally increased in acetyl choline esterase levels and amyloid beta levels for the treated group (Chrysin, donepezil, and combination) while show a significally decreased in scopolamine group. Also, Western blot results shows that the expression of GSK3 in the treated group was significantly higher than the scopolamine group. However, Chrysin was shown to increased Gsk3 expression. o Abstract
Promoting wound healing in diabetic rats
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Elkabany, Nouran Mahmoud Fadl; GamalEldein, Doha Medhat; Mohamed, Donia Abdel Sameai; Mohamed, Hesham Ramadan
Diabetes" mellitus is a heterogeneous metabolic "disorder which defined as an increase in blood" glucose "levels and it is a common cause of delaying the wound healing process. The aim of this study is to"" determine the effect of vitamin E and zinc separately and in combination on wound healing process in diabetic rats. Wound healing passes through four stages: homeostasis, inflammatory phase, proliferative phase, and remodeling stage. The study was" conducted by using 12 male Wistar albino rats that were divided into four groups: (I) diabetic"' control group, (II) diabetic rats" receiving vitamin E (400mg), (III) diabetic rats receiving zinc (5mg), (IV) diabetic rats receiving a combination of both zinc and vitamin E. Induction of diabetes was done by intra-peritoneal injection of single dose of STZ (65 mg/kg) and after 72 hours blood glucose was measured. Two" cutaneous wounds were created at the dorsal
Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Methodology as Tools of Quality by Design Approach for the Enhancement of the Solubility a Poorly Soluble Drug Using Albumin Nanoparticles
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Taha, Huda; Mohamed Hossam, Mahmoud; Mohamed Kamaly, Mahmoud; Khaled, Merna
The aim of the current work is the enhancement of the solubility of a poorly soluble drug using albumin nanoparticles by applying quality by design approach. using several tools as artificial neural network and response surface methodology for the optimization of albumin nanoparticles. Silymarin is an extract of dried milk thistle seed with many uses such as anticancer drug, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective agent. One of the main problems in the Silymarin that it has poor water solubility and poor bioavailability. This problem could be solved by its formulation in albumin nanoparticles. A complete quality target product profile has been constructed, and Ishikawa diagrams were very beneficial in the risk assessment study. Fractional factorial design was used in the screening, where time of stirring, albumin concentration, pH, drug amount, amount of ethanol and the type of solvent were the critical process parameters/ material attributes (CPP/MA), and were tested on the particle size, polydispersity index and the encapsulation efficiency, which were considered as the critical quality attributes (CQA). Whereas, D-optimal design the response surface design (RSD) and was used for the optimization step, where the drug amount and the albumin concentration were only tested on the same previously measured CQA. Artificial neural network (ANN) was applied, by taking the CPP/MA of the optimization design as the inputs and the measured CQA as the outputs, where the obtained correlation coefficients were compared with that obtained from the RSD,, and was found to be higher than the RSD. Design space and control strategies were generated, where an optimized formula as suggested from software was prepared and its results were compared with the expected ones to calculate the % bias, where the results reasonable agreement indicating the validity of the design. Thus quality by design was found to be a successful approach in the formulation and optimization of albumin nanoparticles loaded with silymarin. ANN showed better results than RSD, which could be used in many applications in industrial formulations.
Colon- specific Multi-particular System of protein Delivery: A Potential Approach for Treatment of Colon Cancer
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Gamal El Morsy, Ahmed; Alaa Zaki, Mahmoud; Tarek El Hawary, Nouran; Hussein Ibrahim, Zahraa
Colon cancer is one of most common types of cancer and the second cause of death worldwide. Colon- specific drug delivery systems (CDDS) are carried out to reduce systemic side effects and improving protein-drugs’ oral bioavailability. Bee Venom is a protein that inhibits growth of cancer cells. Three different oral Bee Venom (BV)-chitosan microspheres formulations were prepared and evaluated using different BV: chitosan ratios 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 for formulations F1, F2 and F3 respectively. Coating of microspheres was done using Eudragit S100 (ES100) by solvent evaporation method. Pre-clinical study was done to determine oral safety dose of BV and LD50 using rat. The prepared microspheres were characterized by percentage yield, degree of swelling, surface morphology using scanning electron microscope (SEM), in-vitro release study and entrapment efficiency. Upon determination of its safety dose on rats; Results showed that the maximum safety oral dose appeared to be 64 mg/kg after pre-clinical investigation. The percentage of drug release study after 12 hours was found to be 82.35, 75.9, 60.26 % for the formulations F1, F2 & F3, with a percentage yield of 80, 89.1 & 92.35% respectively. The degree of swelling showed the ability of BV-ES100 coated microspheres to resist the pH in upper GIT. The microspheres were spherical shaped with a smooth surface upon scanning with SEM. In conclusion, the results showed that the coated BV-chitosan microspheres are a promising system for colon- specific drug delivery..
TOPICAL PLATELETS RICH PLASMA HYDROGEL FOR SKIN REJUVENATION AND ANTI-AGING PURPOSES
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Hany Riad, Ahmed; Adel Hassan, Mahmoud; Asssem, Passant; Ayman, Omnia
The human skin works as a shield against all the extrinsic factors that may harm human. It consists of many layers, and has many functions in the human. It maintains the normal internal composition of the deep layers and the external physical appearance; however, skin is affected by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors that may alter its composition and external appearance. Skin aging is a complex process that occurs due to multiple factors, including the aging itself, smoking, repeated facial expressions, and exposure to UV light (photoaging). The increase of an aging population and sun exposure as well as the growing interest in external appearance lead to seeking treatment for prevention or reversal of this process. Platelets rich plasma has been one safe treatment to be used to prevent skin aging or slow down the aging process. However, the current procedure is a bit painful due to injection of platelet rich plasma directly into the skin, by syringes or dermaroller. So, the current study is conducted to make a safe, pain free, hydrogel effective PRP topical formulation. Also, the penetration of PRP may be enhanced by applying physical enhancers like sonoporation and chemical enhancers like trypsin to increase penetration and give an effective treatment in a pain free PRP hydrogel formulation to be used topically on the skin. The PRP was isolated after the blood was withdrawn and centrifuged, make the gel by using Carbopol 934, prepare buffer solution and trypsin solutions with the preparation of PRP gel. Experiments are done by the physical enhancer by using the ultrasound waves and chemical enhancer by using trypsin to measure their effects on the penetration of the PRP through the skin which shows the physical enhancer has the best results on the penetration of the PRP.
THE USE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR DRUG BRAIN
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Mohamed Tamam, Ahmed; Mamdouh Mostafa, Heba; Mustafa Ahmed, May; Tarek Omar, Sherouk
Epilepsy is considered as a disturbance in the balance of the electrical system of the brain, which leads to seizures that can affect both adults and children (Manford, 2017). Unfortunately it is difficult to be treated due to the fact that the most of centrally active drugs in brain suffer of decreased in efficiency to pass the blood brain barrier due to their hydrophilicity, such as antiepileptic drugs as Zonisamide which works by blocking the calcium, potassium and sodium channels, in addition to reducing the glutamate excitation and increasing GABA to reduce the epileptic seizures. The nanodiamond was selected as a carrier, due to its small particle size and biocompatibilities. Which make it more favorable than other nanocarriers for this purpose. Thus, our study aims to prepare a suitable formula Zonisamide loaded Nanodiamonds for brain targeting through nose to brain delivery. Zonisamide loaded nanodiamond delivery system was prepared and then being characterized for various in vitro aspects [particle size, % of drug loading, zeta potential, drug loading , FTIR and surface morphological structures through the Transmission Electron Microscopy, Particle size for the formula of choice was 193.73 nm ,zeta potential was found to be 18.93 mV , with high drug loading of Zonisamide on Nanodiamonds of 83.821 ,TEM confirmed the particle size and it's morphological structure and finally FTIR which confirmed the loading of Zonisamide, Thus it can be concluded that the Zonisamide was successfully loaded on nanodiamonds with suitable particle size for brain delivery.
THE USE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR BRAIN TARGETING
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Abdelhameed Mohamed, Alyaa; Mohamed Galal, Arwa; Hesham Ahmed, Aya; Mohamed Mokhtar, Nohir
To achieve successful delivery to the brain, drugs should possess high lipid solubility and adequately-sufficient membrane permeability. Epilepsy is considered one of the most serious diseases worldwide that affects the brain. Zonisamide is an anti-epileptic drug (AED) that is known for its highly hydrophilic properties that hinder its passage across the blood brain barrier (BBB) efficiently. Therefore, the aim of this study is to improve the efficiency of the centrally acting Zonisamide, and the objective is to use the nanoparticles (NPs) technology for increasing the efficiency of the centrally acting Zonisamide. Nanodiamonds (NDs) carriers are known for their solubility enhancement for passing BBB. Drug loaded NDs were prepared and characterized for different in vitro aspects (particle size and zeta potential). 20 mg Zonisamide were diluted in 10 ml distilled water, NDs were added in a concentration of either 4 mg/10 ml or 6 mg/ml and sonicated in the presence of several excipients, which were added for the purpose of de-aggregation namely Albumin, Gelatin and Chitosan. Preparations were characterized for their particle size, zeta potential, in vitro drug release, as well as an in vivo biodistribution study using Tc-99 as a radio-marker. Zonisamide has been loaded on NDs successfully, the particle size of the formulation was within the nano range to be introduced through the nasal cavity, and the in vitro drug release of Zonisamide from the dialysis bag was sustained. The biodistribution study showed marked increased distribution of the formulation in the brain compared to the rest of the tissues. Thus, it can be concluded that Zonisamide loaded NDs is a successful formulation in delivery and targeting of Zonisamide to the brain.
Synthesis of new quinoxaline derivatives as anti-bacterial agents
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Ahmed Mohamed Alrawy, Mohamed; abdel-samie Soliman, Yara; Mahmoud Ahmed, Islam; El-eslam Ahmed, Magd
MRSA are dangerous nosocomial pathogens, finding of treatment effective may be challenging. These organisms (MRSA) become increasingly resistant to drugs other than beta-lactams, while become easier to treat. Quinoxaline and its derivatives are synthetic origin compounds. Quinoxaline nucleus and its derivatives takes a large part of interesting pharmacological actions and effects of the active compounds against several disorders, there are a lot of important pharmacological activities for example, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-candida, anti-microbial, anti-tumor, Anti-oxidant agent, cytotoxic and anti-cancer effects. Our aim is to design and synthesize different quinoxaline derivatives in order to develop potential anti-bacterial agents.
DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NARINGENIN DERIVATIVES
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Medhat Kamal Ahmed, Alaa; Muhumed Sugule, Leyla; Alaa Ogeez, Marwan; Ahmed Abdulhadi, Nouran
Naringenin is a flavanoid that belongs to a subclass known as flavanones present in several citrus fruits. It is a primary C15 intermediate in the biosynthesis pathway of flavonoids. It has a wide range of biological activity such as anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-Alzheimer, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, and cardio-protective, eye protective, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activities. Therefore, it is important to identify the mechanisms by which anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activities occur in naringenin because it makes it beneficial in the pharmaceutical industry. The anti-oxidant activity of naringenin is owed to the hydroxyl groups present in the 5th and 7th positions of ring A and 4' of ring B. The activity increased with a double bond between the second and third carbons in the C ring and electron- donating groups at position 3 in ring C. 5, 7 dihydroxy groups can stabilize the structure through resonance. The 4-carbonyl substituent and the 5-hydroxy group in naringenin are able to from complexes with transition metals-preventing the formation of free radicals. Naringenin can be synthesized from naringin by enzymatic hydrolysis using naringinase enzyme. Several derivatives can be synthesized from naringenin such as naringenin O-alkyl derivatives, naringeninoximes and oxime ethers, and the incorporation of biotransformation technology can also produce a number of derivatives. The derivatives are beneficial because they often have more potent biological activity. Our aim is to design new amine derivatives of naringenin, and test the biological activity of these synthesized derivatives against cancer cell lines. These derivatives were synthesized by aldol condensation reaction followed by the nucleophilic addition of different amines. Different spectroscopic methods of analysis, such as 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy, were used for structural characterization of the synthesized derivatives.Biological evaluation of these derivatives is expected to show increased anti-cancer activity in comparison to the parent compound, Naringenin.
Monitoring the Role of Programmed Cell Death 1 and its Ligands in Autoimmune Systemic Lupus Erythematous Disease
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Mostafa, Ahmed; Ezzat, Eman; Mohsen, Mayar; Abdalaa, Walaa
Autoimmune diseases areone of the recent dangerous issues that occur without specific known reasons. This condition the immune system start to attack the host cells rather than protect the body from any harmful invasion considering these cells as a foreign substance needed to be attack. The reasons behind the falling of immune system to recognize the difference between the host cells and the foreign cells are unknown and they may be genetic, environmental, bad life style, uncontrolled diet or physiological reason. systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is one of the autoimmune diseases that mostly affect women in which the immune system start to attack the cells of the body result in many serious damage to different organs especially to skin, kidneys, liver and heart. For the diagnosis of SLE there are different assessment methods;either non-specific such as the serological test and the measuring of anti-dsDNA concentration in blood which increase with the presence of the disease or specific measuring through measuring the concentration of percentages of PD-1(program cell death that express on both CD3 T cells and CD19 B cells) and percentages of PD-L1(program cell death ligand that express on CD19 B cells).Both levelscan be measured using flow cytometer. Flow cytometer is an approach used to measure and detect various properties of the cells released to promote down regulation of immune system leading to of the autoimmune problem as a defense mechanism from the body against the up normal attacking of the immune system
Screening of the antimicrobial effect of Lactobacillus isolates from dairy products on Staphylococcus aureus isolates.
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Taha Hussien, Ahmed; Ashraf Ashmawy, Adham; Said Abuzaid, Mohamed
Probiotics are live beneficial microorganism which can maintain human health when applied . Because of its inhibitory and potential antimicrobial effect against various kinds of bacteria and some human pathogenic strains, Lactobacillus is found to be the best type of probiotics to be studied . It can be found in milk and cheese ( C. Dunne, L. O'Mahony, 2001 ). Lactobacillus is the most commonly used probiotic in foods including yogurt and its use is extensive in preserving human health because it may help to treat menstrual diseases and skin eczema. It also produces antimicrobial peptides (bacteriocins) active against several pathogens (U. Schillinger, 1999) .Lactobacillus is found to has an antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus is gram-positive bacteria which are cocci-like and are typically arranged in grape-like clusters. Its a considerable bacterial disease causing a wide range of clinical manifestations. These organisms may develop at 18 C to 40 C temperatures and can grow aerobically or anaerobically. Therapy is still challenging because of multi-drug resistant strains such as MRSA (Staphylococcus aureus methicillin-resistant) is a multi-drug resistant line. S. Aureus is also found in normal human flora, located on the skin and mucous membranes. Consequently, our aim of this research is to investigate antimicrobial effect of Lactobacillus isolates from dairy products Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Achieving research aim can be carried out through the following steps: Isolation of Lactobacillus from different milk products, Identification of the isolates by Gram staining and biochemical reactions, Investigating the antimicrobial effect of Lactobacillus isolates on the isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (Walker SJ, Archer P,1990) .
Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriophages as Potential Alternative Therapy for Infections Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Gram-negative Pathogens
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Mahmoud ElHendawy, Abdelrahman; Tarek Mohamed, Esraa; EssamEldin Allam, Hend; Alaa Hassan, Osama
No shadow of a doubt that the emerging of resistance of Gram-negative nosocomial infections rings the bell of danger, especially after they proved their resistance against carbapenems which was the last resort of antibiotics. In recent years, researchers have changed their destinations to start studying bacteriophages after a decade of no new classes of antibiotics which were known as “dry pipeline”. This study aims to investigate the potential of using lytic bacteriophages as an alternative therapy to antibiotics for MDR infections caused by biofilm-producing Gram-negative bacteria “Klebsiella pneumoniae”, “Acinetobacter baumannii” and “Pseudomonas aeruginosa”, 30 clinical bacterial isolates for each bacterial species were collected from hospitals in Cairo, Egypt and identified phenotypically, then tested for their resistance against antibiotics using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Liquid sewage samples were collected from sewage stations and hospitals around Egypt then were processed without filtration or centrifugation and incubated with the bacteria to propagate the phages present, furthermore, phages were hunted using spotting assay, isolated and purified by serial dilution 7 times.
Bioremediation of pharmaceuticals using alginate immobilized microorganisms
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Sherif Elsayed, Menat Allah; Ahmed Hassan, Noha; Ibrahim saber, Noha; Emad Ali, Nourhan
Pharmaceuticals wastes and their ways of disposal are an alarming problem nowadays and it is earning more awareness and realization from consumers and also professionals of healthcare. The acceleration in pollution in the environment coupled with the increase of wastes entering the eco-system has attracted the interest of researchers to focus on finding a way to remove these wastes in the most proper manner. Phenolic waste compounds mainly found in water and soil due to pollution from several industries such as petroleum, pesticides, plastic and pharmaceutical industries. phenolic compounds are harmful to human health and causes many health problems with the evolution of this problem Bioremediation arise because in nature everything is a food for something else, in bioremediation process the living organism is used in contaminated soil, water and air to thrive on the wastes in the contaminated area and convert the wastes from toxic form to another or completely degrading it. Bioremediation has many techniques as in situ or exsitu techniques on the basis of the pollutants and the type of used technique. Immobilization is preventing the free movement of enzymes or cells by using a supporter. Using immobilized enzymes or cells is preferred than using the soluble enzyme because immobilization techniques have many advantages. The most common method used is entrapment because of its easy, inexpensive and the polymer formed can be easily divided into particles with the desired size. Alginate is the supporter matrix as it natural, inert and stable.the objective is toexamine the bioremediation activity of some pharmaceutical compounds using alginate immobilized microorganisms and the biodegradation activity of both free and immobilized microorganisms in addition to studying the different factors affecting the degradation process as well as the stability of the immobilized cells. Hence, clear of the environment from these wastes in a safe way through several processes and techniques.
Evaluation of the treatment effectiveness of HIV-infected Kaposi sarcoma patients in Egypt.
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Ayman Salah, Aya; Alaa Abdul Wahab, Dina; Tarek Abbas, Mayar; Saad Mohy, Nada
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most common tumor associated with HV. KS develops as lesions that appear on the skin, lymph nodes, lung, digestive tract and mucosal lining. The color of such lesions can be brown, pink, red or violet and it is difficult to be distinguished in individuals with dark skin. Our study focuses on HIV associated KS (HIV-KS) in Egypt and it was found that HIV-KS patients are treated with a combination of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and chemotherapy. The main 3 chemotherapy regimens used are liposomal doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and ABV (Adriamycin, bleomycin and vincristine\vinblastine). Studies revealed the variation of efficacy between the 3 regimens with or without the HAART therapy, however such studies are lacking on Egyptian patients. The aim of the current study is to assess and compare the efficacy of the treatments systemically and clinically in HIV-KS Egyptian patients. Since inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α) have been confirmed about their significant role in initiation and progression of HIV-KS therefore we rely on them in our study to assess the efficacy of different regimen during a period of three months by collecting blood samples at the beginning of the study and after 3 months period for measurement of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels by using sandwich ELISA technique. Moreover, lesions will be assessed regarding their size, shape, color and height.
Role of Zoledronic acid and Denosumab in osteoporosis and tumor spreading in Post-menopausal breast cancer women in Baheya hospital
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Ali Farouk El-feel, Aliaa; Tallah Abdelhaliem Ali Elshahed, Menna; Yehia Mohammed Morsy, Nancy; Ashraf Omar, Yasmin
Back ground: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Breast cancer is common among Egyptian females and there is a great correlation between breast cancer therapy especially chemo or hormonal therapy and osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue. Zoledronic acid and Denosumab is expected to effectively treat osteoporosis and decrease tumor metastasis. Aim: is to assess the role of Zoledronic acid and Denosumab in treatment of osteoporosis and decreasing tumor spreading in postmenopausal breast cancer women. Methodology: 85 reports were collected from Baheya Foundation from post-menopausal women received chemotherapy or hormonal therapy, had osteoporosis and administered Zoledronic acid or Denosumab. Data were collected from double DEXA scan reports in order to compare between the 2 DEXA to assess the improvement in bone density and the efficacy of the drug. Another 85 reports were gathered from post-menopausal women who didn’t administer Zoledronic acid or Denosumab nor had osteoporosis as a comparison group to prove the antitumor effect of the drugs. Results: In this study, it was found that bone density of 63% from the total women was enhanced after administering Zoledronic acid or Denosumab. Denosumab was effective in the treatment of osteoporosis with a percentage 80% while Zoledronic acid 59%. Moreover, only 4% of the total patients who were administering zoledronic acid or denosumab in the study group suffered from metastasis and 60% of the total cases in the control group got a metastatic cancer. Conclusion: The research proved that Zoledronic acid and Denosumab have a significant effect on enhancing bone density. The effectiveness of Denosumab is higher than Zoledronic acid. The efficacy of both drugs is inversely proportional with the patients’ age. Finally, both drugs show an inhibitory effect on the tumor metastasis and improvement in the survival of breast cancer women.
Investigate the prognostic values of Telomerase expression in breast cancer
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Mohamed Ibrahim, Abdelrahman; Tarek Abbas, Abdullah; Tarek Mohamed, Israa; Mohamed Adel, Mennaallah
Background: Several studies have shown up-regulated telomerase activities to be linked to poor prognosis, survival of cancer cells, cancer progression and may also increase drug resistance of breast cancer, however, our understanding of telomerase activity in breast cancer remain limited. Aim of work: to investigate the role of telomerase expression in breast cancer prognosis. Furthermore, the association between telomerase expression and with other parameters including tumor features including: clinicopathology parameters disease outcome, disease recurrence and hormone receptor status was assessed. Objective: the current study is to examine the association between telomerase expression and survival to evaluate the current state of knowledge concerning the value of telomerase expression as a prognostic factor. METHODS: A 63 women (patients) above 18 years old eligible pathologically proven with metastatic breast cancer presenting to Oncology Clinic of Baheya Cancer Center during duration of study were enrolled in this study. All patients were scheduled to receive adjuvant treatment after surgical interference. The data will be extracted from Electronic Medical Records into a designed standard clinical data sheet. Including clinical and pathological characteristic of study population, Telomerase expression test is done by collecting Blood sample at end of experiment according to hospital protocol (for serum sample). RNA extraction by commercially available kits (RT-PCR) hTERT detection (to detect positive &negative results). Only sample clearly positive twice were scored as positive. The test done in Baheya hospital lab. Statistical analysis of result by fisher’s exact test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Result: Clinical and pathological characteristics of the study population revealed that about 76% of patients with age raged from (41-70) years old and about 67% of patient had BMI of ( 31- above 40 kg\m2 ).while (34.92%) of patients were PR+ER (+ve) and 12.69% were HER2 (+ve).Moreover 41.5% of patients received both chemotherapy and hormonal therapy .In addition, telomerase expression was detected in …….. % of patients which tended to. Conclusion: telomerase expression might reserve as a good target for breast cancer treatment and prognosis. Telomerase expression could be useful as biomarker for evaluation of breast cancer and enzyme might serve as good target for anticancer drug.
The design of secretase inhibitors as potential anti Alzheimer agents
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Abdelgawad Ahmed, Mahmoud; Adel Abdallah, Mennatallah; Ashraf Ahmed, Menna; Magdy Boules, Merna
Alzheimer disease is a severe neurodegenerative disease concerns with a massive impact on health of individuals. Researchers assumed that there are two main neuropathological hypotheses which are; cholinergic hypothesis and beta amyloid plaques hypothesis. The amyloid cascade hypothesis involves the cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by secretase enzymes and accumulation of β amyloid insoluble peptides in brain because of the incorrect actions of those different secretase enzymes known as α, γ and β secretase. These insoluble plaques trigger a series of events leading to dementia and neuronal dysfunction. Several research and development centers support the idea of discovering a new disease modifying therapy as anti-amyloid agent which inhibits the action of secretase enzymes involved in the pathophysiology. Therefore, we aim to develop a potential new anti-amyloid agent targeting beta secretase enzyme with the least possible side effects to treat AD efficiently and prevent the aggregation of β amyloid plaques. A structure-based pharmacophore approach was used to identify the essential features responsible for the inhibitory activity. A pharmacophore model was generated through using 3 PDB codes, validation and screening against FDA approved drugs database was carried out using LigandScout. It was found that the key features were: two hydrophobic, one positive ionizable, and one hydrogen bond donor interaction. After virtual-screening, 61 hits were found to be fulfilled our generated pharmacophore, 10 hits were selected from them after filtering with their molecular weight and pharmacophore fit score. Then molecular docking for the previously identified 10 hits is performed using MOE software. Best poses for the 10 hits were found to have similar interactions with the amino acids same as in our generated pharmacophore. This could be useful for repurposing of an already existing drug to be effective as BACE-1 inhibitor based on the idea of repurposing of drugs
A Metabolomics Approach for Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Mostafa Khattab, Farida; Osama Ibrahim, Mahmoud; Tharwat Farag, Moaz; Kamel Elmenshawy, Omar
Chronic diseases implement a burden on the community and on the individual because of their complex etiologies and risk factors, osteoporosis is one of the most common chronic disease affecting elderly especially postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis is treated by a variety of drugs and most commonly bisphosphonates as risedronate, however from being highly efficient in restoring bone physiology oral risedronate has low bioavailability and restrictions for absorption. A previous study was conducted to formulate inhaled risedronate to overcome the barriers associated with low bioavailability. For this, experimental animals, rats, were divided into four groups as normal control, dextamethasone-induced diseased group, diseased treated with standard oral risderonate, and diseased treated with novel inhaled risedronate. In this research, metabolomics, which represents the comprehensive analysis of small molecules, was used to compare the metabolites of the control to the diseased group with the aim of finding potential biomarkers for diagnosis as well as evaluating the efficacy of the novel formulation. Following serum collection and extraction, lipids were analyzed with usage of Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) couples with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS). Additionally, metabolites were analyzed using UPLC and Gas Chromatography (GC) coupled to Mass Spectrometry (MS). Multivariate data analysis (MVDA) revealed the presence of significant biomarkers including sugars, amino acids and lipids. Moreover, to finalize our findings metabolites map was conducted, results were interpreted to understand their association with osteoporosis and evaluated to estimate their potential as diagnostic biomarkers

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