MSA Repository "MSAR"

MSAR University's Digital Repository is a documentation and digitization of all university outcomes that are of effective value in the scientific and academic community and reflects the university's image, work, and effective contribution to society Through MSAR Digital Repository, the university managed to collect, store, archive and publish digital content - including documents, audio files, images and data sets - all in a safe place. MSAR is one of the strongest University Digital Repositories in Egypt and documented in the DSPACE community with its latest versions.

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RESEARCH & LANGUAGES CENTERS 18

Recent Submissions

COMPREHENSIVE TECHNO-ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT AND PROCESS SIMULATION OF BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM RICE STRAW VIA SUBCRITICAL WATER PRETREATMENT AND ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS
(UNIV PANNONIA, 2025-08-02) AHMAD MUSTAFA; HUSSEIN N. NASSAR; M. SHAABAN SADEK; ABDALLAH R. ISMAIL; OZBEN KUTLU; KONSTANTZA TONOVA; CASSAMO U. MUSSAGY; BASMA A. ALI; YASMIN ELSHAMAKH
Rice straw is a plentiful source of lignocellulosic biomass that has significant promise as a raw material for sustainable energy systems. The management of rice straw in Egypt presents considerable difficulties due to its indispensability and abundant availability. Efficient pretreatment methods are therefore necessary to overcome the resistive composition of lignocellulosic biomass in order to convert it into biofuels. This study suggests combining experimental and computational methodologies to enhance the combined impact of the green subcritical water (SCW) pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw. This strategy aims to reduce the need for chemicals and energy consumption. The findings suggested that the most favorable parameters for the pretreatment process were a temperature of 160.3°C, an extraction time of 63.4 minutes and a water-to-rice straw mass ratio of 5:2. The application of enzymes led to a substantial 370% rise in the concentration of glucose after extracting it using subcritical water. Furthermore, the fructose concentration rose almost threefold, while the cellobiose levels increased twofold. After simulating the entire process with an annual plant capacity of 72,600 tons, economic indicators were determined. An investment opportunity that is financially feasible is evidenced by the following: a favorable internal rate of return (IRR) of 27%, a favorable net present value (NPV) of $152.6 million and a brief repayment period of 5 years. By employing a comprehensive approach, this endeavor aims to promote the development of biofuel manufacturing routes that are more environmentally friendly, sustainable and efficient, thereby mitigating the ecological consequences associated with meeting global energy demands. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first paper that combines both the technical and economic feasibility of bioethanol production from Egyptian rice straw using a combination of subcritical water technology followed by enzymatic hydrolysis.
Accounting conservatism and frm value in Egypt: the mediating role of tax avoidance
(Springer open, 2025-07-28) Yousra R. Obiedallah; Asmaa Hamdy Abdelaziz Mohamed El Mahdy
Purpose This paper examines the mediating efect of the frm’s tax-avoidance strategies on the relationship between a frm’s conservative practices and its frm value. Design/methodology/approach This study employs the Diference Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to address endogeneity issues when testing empirical models. C-Score measures accounting conservatism, while cash efective tax rate (Cash-ETR) assesses tax avoidance practices. Additionally, Tobin’s Q (TQ), return on equity (ROE), and return on assets (ROA) serve as proxies for the frm’s value. To strengthen the results of the three mediating GMM regression models, alternative deferred tax and current efective tax rate measures are utilized for tax avoidance. The study sample comprises 64 non-fnancial frms listed on the Egyptian Stock Exchange (EGX 100) from 2014 to 2023. Findings The results show a positive direct efect of conservative frm practices on the frm value, partially mediated by the indirect efect of tax avoidance techniques. Research limitations/implications Policymakers should strengthen the enforcement of International Financial Reporting Standards to reduce earnings manipulation while allowing lawful taxation without imposing excessive burdens on businesses, thus decreasing their tendency toward tax evasion. Originality/value This study is the frst to explore empirically the mediating function of tax avoidance practices in the association between conditional accounting conservatism (proxied by C-Score) and frm value (proxied by TQ, ROA, ROE). Further, this study distinctly enhances knowledge by providing new insights to managers and policymakers into the interplay between conservative accounting practices and tax avoidance strategies within the tax regulations in the Egyptian context.
Investigating the potential role of beneficial rhizobacteria for protecting grapevine health and promoting growth
(Frontiers Media SA, 2025-07-07) Lobna Hajji-Hedfi; Takwa Wannassi; Laith Khalil Tawfeeq Al-Ani; Bassem Ayman Balbool; Salma Tissaoui; Amira Mougou-Hamdane; Wissem Hamdi; Ahmed M. Abdel Azeem; Nazih Y. Rebouh
Beneficial rhizobacteria play a crucial role in promoting plant growth and enhancing soil health by producing key enzymes, facilitating nutrient cycling, and suppressing phytopathogens. This study investigated the physicochemical properties of soil from 32 grapevine sites in the Sidi Bouzid region of Tunisia and evaluated the plant growth-promoting and biocontrol potential of bacterial isolates against Botrytis cinerea, the causative agent of gray mold. Soil analysis revealed significant variation in pH (6.78 to 8.07), organic matter (0.44%−1.59%), and nutrient content, while electrical conductivity remained stable. A total of 107 bacterial isolates were isolated from soil samples and recovered, of which 97 were non-pathogenic and tested for multiple plant growth-promoting traits. Enzymatic screening revealed production of catalase, pectinase, cellulase, and chitinase among others. In vitro assays identified four isolates (H3Rh1, ZRh5, GRh5, and SRh2) with strong antifungal activity, achieving up to 99.3% growth inhibition of B. cinerea. In detached leaf assays, the isolates H3Rh1, ZRh5, GRh5, and SRh2 achieved inhibitory growth potential values of 92.33%, 93.73%, 93.02%, and 96.99% against B. cinerea, respectively. Molecular analysis confirmed the isolates as Arthrobacter globiformis, Priestia megaterium, Bacillus cabrialesii, and Bacillus mojavensis, with >99% sequence identity and deposited in GenBank. These strains also demonstrated strong plant growth-promoting attributes, including nitrogen fixation, phosphate and potassium solubilization, and indole acetic acid and siderophore production. This study highlights the biocontrol potential of native rhizobacteria as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical fungicides for managing gray mold in grapevines and promoting sustainable viticulture.
The Time Reliable Efect of Probiotic Clostridium butyricum on the Growth of Spotted Sea Bass (Lateolabrax maculatus)
(Springer, 2025-07-10) Yiqin Deng; Liwen Xu; Keng Yang; Ziyang Lin; Shujun Zang; Kui Jiang; Wangdong Li; Nabil A. Ibrahim; Hongling Ma; Changhong Cheng; Juan Feng
Probiotic Clostridium butyricum has been demonstrated to enhance the growth of spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus). However, the time reliable efect of C. butyricum application for L. maculatus growth promotion is poorly understood, limiting our ability to make informed decisions about when the C. butyricum should be added and why. To address this, we employed multidisciplinary approach to investigate the growth response (including growth performance, intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activities, and gut microbiome) of L. maculatus to C. butyricum supplementation throughout the entire breeding cycle (from juvenile to marketable size). The C. butyricum supplementation signifcantly increased the weight of L. maculatus during its early life stages. Correspondingly, 16S rRNA sequence showed that C. butyricum addition increased probiotic bacteria (including Lactobacillales), decreased pathogenic bacteria (including Enterobacterales, Burkholderiales, and Fusobacteriales), and reduced bacterial virulence processes (including quorum sensing, bioflm formation, and bacterial secretion systems) of gut microbiota in L. maculatus. Concurrently, C. butyricum supplementation increased intestinal villus height (up to 32.1%), muscle thickness (up to 115.8%), and digestive enzyme activities (up to 77.8%). Nevertheless, during the later stages of incubation, treatment with C. butyricum did not result in further improvements or even showed similar outcomes to the non-supplemented treatment. These fndings emphasize that C. butyricum supplementation during the early breeding stage can signifcantly beneft L. maculatus growth, rather than adding it during later stages. This study provides evidence on the appropriate timing for C. butyricum supplementation in L. maculatus culture, ofering timely information and technical support for its culture management.
Fexofenadine HCl enhances growth, biofilm, and lactic acid production of Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Bifidobacterium longum: implications for allergy treatment
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2025-07-11) Zainab Kamel Hammouda; Reham Wasfi; Nourtan F. Abdeltawab
Background It is evident that various drugs influence the gut microbiota, yet the precise mechanism driving these effects remain ambiguous. Considering the growing recognition of gut microbiota’s role in health and disease, it is important to explore how commonly used drugs, such as antihistamines, may alter microbial composition and function. Histamine, an essential interkingdom signaling molecule, shapes bacterial virulence, biofilm formation, and immune regulation. However, the effects of antihistamines on bacterial colonization are mostly unknown. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of antihistamine exposure on critical factors which affect the pathogenicity and colonization of selected gut bacterial species, such as growth, biofilm formation, and adherence to cell lines, at intestinal concentrations. If antihistamines influence bacterial metabolism or composition, they may consequently affect Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) production, which could have downstream effects on gut homeostasis and immune function. Specifically, we examined the impact of three antihistamines – fexofenadine HCl, cyproheptadine HCl, and desloratadine –on bacteria from the four dominant gut phyla: Bifidobacterium longum, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Bacteroides fragilis, and Escherichia coli. Results Our results showed that cyproheptadine HCl and desloratadine inhibited the growth of all tested bacteria, whereas fexofenadine HCl promoted the growth of all species except B. longum. Furthermore, cyproheptadine HCl and desloratadine reduced the biofilm-forming capacity of these bacterial species and altered their effects on adherence to Caco-2/HT-29 cell lines aligning with changes in cell surface hydrophobicity: increased cell surface hydrophobicity correlated with greater bacterial adherence to surfaces. In contrast, fexofenadine HCl enhanced biofilm formation and adherence of B. longum and L. reuterii in Caco-2/HT-29 co-cultures. It also led to increased production of lactic and propionic acids, with a statistically significant increase observed in acetic acid levels (p < 0.05). Conclusion In summary, our findings suggest that fexofenadine HCl, unlike cyproheptadine HCl and desloratadine, supports the growth, and colonization of probiotic bacteria such as L. reuteri and B. longum with potential anti allergic benefits, and enhancing their SCFA production. Conversely, cyproheptadine HCl and desloratadine suppressed bacterial growth, hinting at potential antimicrobial properties that may warrant exploration for drug repurposing.