A Metabolomics Approach for Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis

Abstract

Chronic diseases implement a burden on the community and on the individual because of their complex etiologies and risk factors, osteoporosis is one of the most common chronic disease affecting elderly especially postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis is treated by a variety of drugs and most commonly bisphosphonates as risedronate, however from being highly efficient in restoring bone physiology oral risedronate has low bioavailability and restrictions for absorption. A previous study was conducted to formulate inhaled risedronate to overcome the barriers associated with low bioavailability. For this, experimental animals, rats, were divided into four groups as normal control, dextamethasone-induced diseased group, diseased treated with standard oral risderonate, and diseased treated with novel inhaled risedronate. In this research, metabolomics, which represents the comprehensive analysis of small molecules, was used to compare the metabolites of the control to the diseased group with the aim of finding potential biomarkers for diagnosis as well as evaluating the efficacy of the novel formulation. Following serum collection and extraction, lipids were analyzed with usage of Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) couples with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS). Additionally, metabolites were analyzed using UPLC and Gas Chromatography (GC) coupled to Mass Spectrometry (MS). Multivariate data analysis (MVDA) revealed the presence of significant biomarkers including sugars, amino acids and lipids. Moreover, to finalize our findings metabolites map was conducted, results were interpreted to understand their association with osteoporosis and evaluated to estimate their potential as diagnostic biomarkers