MSA Repository "MSAR"

MSAR University's Digital Repository is a documentation and digitization of all university outcomes that are of effective value in the scientific and academic community and reflects the university's image, work, and effective contribution to society Through MSAR Digital Repository, the university managed to collect, store, archive and publish digital content - including documents, audio files, images and data sets - all in a safe place. MSAR is one of the strongest University Digital Repositories in Egypt and documented in the DSPACE community with its latest versions.

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RESEARCH & LANGUAGES CENTERS 18

Recent Submissions

In Situ Synthesis of Anisotropic Silver Nanoparticles on 2D Chitosan Nanosheets: A Polymer-Metal Nanocomposite with Multi-target Genetic Efficacy Against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria
(Springer New York, 2026-02-20) Ola M. El-Borady; Azza S. El-Demerdash; Ahmed S. El Qiey; A. El-Shabasy; N. T. Abd El-Ghani
The escalating global crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) necessitates the rapid development of non-traditional, materials-based strategies. Here, we report a simple, one-pot, in situ synthesis of anisotropic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) directly and uniformly integrated onto the surface of two-dimensional (2D) chitosan (CS) nanosheets. This method exploits the intrinsic reducing and stabilizing capabilities of chitosan, enhanced by a modified synthetic approach using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) at low temperature, to create a robust, synergistic polymer-metal nanocomposite (CS-Ag). Comprehensive characterization (UV–Vis, FTIR, XRD, EDS, HRTEM, AFM) confirmed the successful immobilization and unique morphology, revealing anisotropic AgNPs with an average size of approximately 50 nm uniformly dispersed over the CS nanosheet. Moving significantly beyond standard inhibition assays, this work elucidates the multi-mechanistic and genetic-level action of the CS-Ag nanocomposite against a panel of multidrug resistant (MDR) clinical isolates. The material exhibited exceptional antibacterial potency, with maximum efficacy observed against Gram-negative bacteria, specifically Enterobacter ludwigii and Escherichia coli O157. To definitively uncover the underlying mechanism, we performed a novel gene expression analysis using a custom qPCR panel. This investigation provided molecular evidence of a multi-pronged attack that simultaneously targets cell structure and genetic defenses: a significant downregulation of key AMR genes (including the beta-lactamase gene (blaACT), the efflux pump gene (acrB), and the biofilm regulator (csgD)). Simultaneously, the bacteria reacted by upregulating genes indicative of cellular stress and repair, such as the heat shock protein gene (HSP60) and genes related to cell envelope damage (uge and nhaA). These compelling genetic findings were rigorously corroborated by molecular docking analysis, which mapped the high-affinity interaction of the nanocomposite with crucial bacterial membrane proteins (such as LolC). Collectively, these results establish the CS-Ag nanocomposite as a high-potential, next-generation hybrid material capable of circumventing and degrading AMR mechanisms by disarming MDR pathogens at the genetic level. This study offers a powerful, data-driven material-science approach for combating antibiotic resistance by simultaneously targeting both cell integrity and genetic defenses.
Irisin, Sclerostin, and Inflammatory Axis: Implication in Bone‐Muscle Wasting Diseases
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2026-02-14) Mohamad Maged; Sameh Heikal; Salma Ibrahim; Sameh E. Hassanein
Bone-muscle diseases, such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcopenia and cachexia, represent a growing global health concern, particularly among aging populations and older adults. These multifactorial disorders are characterized by progressive decline in bone density and muscle mass, increasing the chances of immobility and eventually disability. Such manifestations are driven by a complex molecular crosstalk between bones and muscles. This review highlights the key role of the irisin-sclerostin-inflammation triad in the pathophysiology of musculoskeletal degeneration. Irisin is a myokine induced by exercise. It is associated with osteogenesis and muscle regeneration. Sclerostin is an osteocyte-derived Wnt antagonist, inhibits bone formation and is linked to impaired muscle regeneration. Inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and IL-6 drive muscle catabolism and bone resorption through the NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways. Dysregulation of this triad accelerates musculoskeletal degeneration, particularly in chronic diseases and aging. We described the correlation between these diseases and mediators with age and gender. Additionally, we discussed current and emerging therapeutic strategies targeting these mediators, including anti-sclerostin antibodies for high-risk osteoporosis, cytokine/JAK-pathway inhibitors for inflammatory disease, and structured resistance/weight-bearing exercise as a cornerstone intervention. We highlighted assay standardization needs, proposed human-focused models, and outlined priorities for precision, combination strategies targeting the triad in bone-muscle wasting disorders.
Biotechnology‑driven applications for advancing sustainability in petroleum industry
(Springer Nature, 2026-02-21) H. N. Nassar; N. Sh. El‑Gendy
The petroleum industry faces increasing pressure to enhance sustainability while addressing environmental challenges. This review explores the transformative potential of biological innovations, highlighting microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) as a cost-effective, eco-friendly alternative to conventional methods, with operational cost reductions of up to 83% and oil recovery enhancements exceeding 44%. MEOR mechanisms, including biosurfactant production and oil viscosity reduction, show promise even under extreme reservoir conditions. This review summarizes the significant investments that aim to integrate cost-effective, less energy-intensive, ecofriendly bioprocesses that transform heavy crude oils (HCO) into lighter forms (LCO) via biodearomatization (BDA), alongside methods like biodepolymerization of asphaltenes (BDPA), biodemetallization (BDM), biodesulfurization (BDS), and biodenitrogenation (BDN). These biological approaches optimize oil recovery and upgrade petroleum, achieving up to 96% sulfur and nitrogen removal, while mitigating petroleum hydrocarbon pollution and reducing the carbon footprint of the industry. Bioremediation strategies, including bioaugmentation and biostimulation, effectively mitigate pollution, with cost reductions of up to 85% compared to traditional methods. Nanobiotechnology is also signified to enhance bioprocess efficiency, improving biocatalyst stability, activity, and scalability. The role of petroleum-, environmental-, and nano-biotechnology in developing innovative solutions that utilize agro-industrial wastes in the petroleum industry is also discussed to align with the principles of the circular economy by enhancing resource efficiency and reducing waste. Future efforts should prioritize integrating biotechnological solutions, advancing genetic engineering, and scaling pilot studies to commercial applications, underscoring biological innovations' potential to reshape the petroleum industry toward a more sustainable and environmentally responsible future.
Interpreting Multimodal Fake News Detection Models: An Experimental Study of Performance Factors and Modality Contributions
(Science and Information Organization, 2026-02-26) Noha A. Saad Eldien; Wael H. Gomaa; Khaled T. Wassif; Hanaa Bayomi
The widespread dissemination of multimodal misinformation requires models that can reason across textual and visual content while remaining interpretable. However, many existing multimodal fusion approaches implicitly assume uniform modality reliability, providing limited transparency into modality contributions. This study introduces TweFuse-W, a lightweight multimodal framework for fine-grained fake-news detection that reframes multimodal fusion as a modality reliability estimation problem, rather than merely merging modalities or explicitly modeling their interactions. TweFuse-W integrates BERTweetbased textual representations with Swin Transformer visual features using a sample-conditioned, learnable weighted-sum gate operating at the modality level, producing global reliability weights without cross-attention overhead. By explicitly parameterizing modality contributions during inference, the proposed approach provides intrinsic interpretability. Experiments on the six-class Fakeddit dataset show that TweFuse-W achieves a macro-F1 score of 0.838, outperforming simple concatenation (macro-F1 = 0.820). Analysis of the learned modality weights confirms meaningful interpretability, with textual representations dominating in Satire, Misleading, False Connection, and Imposter Content (αT = 0.57–0.62), while visual cues exert greater influence in Manipulated Content (αV = 0.51). Overall, these findings demonstrate that adaptive modality weighting enhances both predictive performance and model transparency, serving as a lightweight and interpretable complementary fusion strategy for multimodal fake-news detection.
MiR-200c restoration inhibits FOXP3 and metastatic spread in breast cancer: evidence from in vitro and in vivo models
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2026-02-14) Nashwa El-Khazragy; Ahmed Alsolami; Ahmed M. Aref; Marwa N. M. Hassan; Mohamed S. Othman
Background: Metastatic breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women, often driven by molecular pathways that promote invasion and immune evasion. MicroRNA-200c (miR-200c) is a known tumor suppressor that inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), while FOXP3, a transcription factor typically associated with regulatory T cells, is aberrantly expressed in breast cancer cells and may contribute to tumor progression. This study investigates whether targeting the miR-200c/FOXP3 axis can suppress metastasis in breast cancer. Methods: Metastatic (MDA-MB-361, MDA-MB-468) and non-metastatic (MCF-7) breast cancer cell lines were transfected with miR-200c mimic or inhibitor. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion were assessed using MTT, Annexin V/PI staining, and transwell assays. FOXP3 mRNA and protein levels were quantified using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. A metastatic mouse model was established via intracardiac injection of tumor cells, followed by treatment with miR-200c mimic, inhibitor, or Cisplatin. Results: MiR-200c overexpression significantly suppressed proliferation and invasion and enhanced apoptosis in metastatic cells. FOXP3 mRNA and protein expression were downregulated in mimic-treated cells and tissues, while miR-200c inhibition led to increased FOXP3 expression. In vivo, miR-200c mimic treatment reduced tumor burden and metastatic infiltration in the brain and lungs. A strong inverse correlation between miR-200c and FOXP3 was observed (r = − 0.82, p < 0.01). Conclusion: MiR-200c restoration inhibits FOXP3 and suppresses metastatic progression in breast cancer. Targeting the miR-200c/FOXP3 axis presents a novel and promising therapeutic approach for advanced breast cancer.