MSA Repository "MSAR"
MSAR University's Digital Repository is a documentation and digitization of all university outcomes that are of effective value in the scientific and academic community and reflects the university's image, work, and effective contribution to society Through MSAR Digital Repository, the university managed to collect, store, archive and publish digital content - including documents, audio files, images and data sets - all in a safe place. MSAR is one of the strongest University Digital Repositories in Egypt and documented in the DSPACE community with its latest versions.
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FokI polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor gene: Linking COVID-19 risk to genetic susceptibility in children
(Academic Press, 2025-05-13) Amal Ahmed Mohamed; Abdullah Taher Alanazi; Hoda H. Ahmed; Samar Elfiky; Muhammad T Abdel Ghafar; Ingy Maher; Sherin A. Taha; Mohammed Zakaria Ali Abu Rahma; Waleed Elagawy; Dina A. Mohareb; Abeer M. Rawy; Heba M. Abostate; Amira AlSayed Youssef; Dalia Saeed Elsayed; Rasha M. Abdel-Hamid
Background
Vitamin D receptor (VDR), influenced by gene polymorphisms like FokI, may affect susceptibility to infections, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since studies in children are limited, we aimed to analyze the correlation between the VDR FokI variant and both the incidence and severity of COVID-19 in Egyptian children.
Methods
Seventy-seven COVID-19-positive and 107 COVID-19-negative pediatric patients were included. Participants' serum 25(OH)D levels, inflammatory biomarkers, and demographics were evaluated. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for genotyping the VDR FokI (rs2228570) polymorphism.
Results
Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) was significantly lower in COVID-19 patients than in controls, while interleukin-6 (IL-6), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, and D-dimer were significantly higher (all p < 0.001). Vitamin D insufficiency was significantly more common in COVID-19 cases (18.2 % versus 3.7 %, p = 0.002). Male sex, increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and CRP were significantly associated with severe COVID-19 (p = 0.032, 0.029, < 0.001, respectively). The FokI TT genotype in codominant and recessive models and the T allele in the multiplicative model were significantly correlated with 2.4, 3.0, and 1.8 folds increased COVID-19 risk (p = 0.043, < 0.001, and 0.004, respectively). However, VDR FokI variants did not significantly associate with severe COVID-19.
Conclusion
The T allele and TT genotype of the FokI variant in the VDR gene increase susceptibility to COVID-19 but not its severity in Egyptian children. Additional research is required to validate the potential role of vitamin D and its receptor polymorphism in COVID-19.
The economic consequences of Shariah governance: a systematic literature review and research agenda
(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd., 2025-05-14) Rihab Grassa; Sherif El-Halaby; Hichem Khlif
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive critical review of previous research on Shariah governance (SG) during the past three decades. This research addresses a critical research problem: the fragmentation of knowledge regarding how SG characteristics affect the multidimensional performance of Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) beyond conventional financial metrics. Despite the growing importance of IFIs in the global financial system, we still inadequately understand how SG practices influence operational efficiency, risk profiles, stakeholder trust and long-term sustainability. This limitation hinders the development of comprehensive SG frameworks that could enhance the resilience and ethical compliance of IFIs. In addition, this study offers insights into the phases of development of SG, identifies the critical gaps in the literature and recommends for future research. Design/methodology/approach: In this study, the authors use a systematic literature review approach for a sample of 110 studies from Scopus and Web of Science databases. Based on identified quality assessment criteria, they evaluated the sample of this study in terms of journals, methodology, theories, modelling, research outcomes and SGs features. Findings: Using a systematic literature review approach for a sample of 110 studies from Scopus and Web of Science databases, this paper findings demonstrate that there is a growing interest to explore further SG aspects because of the rapid steady growth and the high performance of IFIs. Likewise, the review reveals that most of existing studies are quantitative and were carried out using archived data. In addition, the existing literature has primarily focused on the outcomes of SG. Overall, this paper shows that there are plenty avenues for future research. The findings identify a number of methodological problems and concerns and discuss the implications of these problems, while also providing recommendations for future research. Research limitations/implications: This paper makes significant contributions to both corporate finance literature and practical applications in several important ways. First, this study represents a pioneering comprehensive examination of all aspects of SG, filling a notable gap in existing literature. By using a systematic approach, the authors thoroughly evaluate relevant previous works on SG and provide evidence-based recommendations for future research directions, creating a foundation for scholarly advancement in this field. Second, through the synthesis and analysis of an extensive body of research, this study develops a nuanced understanding of the economic consequences of SG mechanisms. These insights offer substantial practical value by providing evidence-based guidance to practitioners and regulatory bodies in developing more effective policies and recommendations. Financial institutions can leverage these findings to design governance frameworks that enhance compliance while optimizing performance, while regulators can use this synthesis to revise the current policy framework and formulate more comprehensive and effective oversight mechanisms that address the unique challenges of IFIs. Practical implications: Through the systematic literature review of the economic consequences of SG, the authors demonstrate that the societal implications extend beyond the financial sector. The findings reveal how strong SG practices enhance public trust and financial inclusion, particularly among conservative Muslim communities. Improved governance mechanisms promote responsible financial practices, influencing policy development and enhancing financial literacy at the community level. These outcomes illustrate the practical impact of governance improvements on community well-being and social development. Originality/value: To the best knowledge of the authors, this study contributes to the literature by being the first of its kind to discuss the development of SG literature. This study provides a comprehensive knowledge assessment of existent SG research and offers advice regarding improvements in research, policy and practice by identifying possible knowledge gaps. Accordingly, this study offers a consistent summary of the past and a roadmap for future research on SG. © 2025, Emerald Publishing Limited.
Developing a modelling environment of spacecraft solar array in low Earth orbit using real-time telemetry data
(Elsevier B.V., 2025-05-08) Ahmed Mokhtar; Mohamed Ibrahim; Mohamed E. Hanafy; Fawzy H. Amer ElTohamy; Yehia Z. Elhalwagy
Spacecraft solar arrays convert sunlight into electrical energy to fulfil the energy requirements of various missions. This work proposes a comprehensive environment for accurate power operation predictions. Specifically, this environment simulates the behaviour of a body-mounted solar array. Furthermore, the designing and modelling processes of the solar array require considering different technical and practical constraints posed by the space environment. These challenges necessitate a thorough evaluation of all potential sources of losses and degradation. Compared to conventional approaches, our novel SSA model incorporates the complete spacecraft mission design scenario, thus it incorporates the operational cyclogram and power budget calculation. To substantiate our proposed method, telemetry data from the commercial LEOS-50 platform is leveraged to develop an experimental, mathematical, and thermal in-orbit model based on GaAs technology. This approach stands out for its exceptional accuracy in predicting the output power characteristics of solar panels. Therefore, it ensures achieving mission requirements from inception to completion in the beginning-of-life and end-of-life stages. The results demonstrate the success of the SSA operation in converting sunlight into electrical energy with a high conversion rate. © 2025 The Authors
Caffeine-boosted silver nanoparticles target breast cancer cells by triggering oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic pathways
(Elsevier B.V., 2025-05-14) Naief Dahran; Mohamed S. Othman; Farah Mumtaz; Ghada M. Aleid; Mohamed E. Ghoniem; Mai A. Samak; Mohamed T. Elabbasy; Ayman A. Saleh; Sofian T. Obeidat; Ola A. Habotta; Ahmed E. Abdel Moneim
Breast cancer (BC) constitutes a major global health concern and is the second foremost cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. This research investigated the anticancer effectiveness of caffeine-conjugated silver nanoparticles (Caf-AgNPs) against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, utilizing fluorouracil (5-FU) as a reference antitumor drug. The study illustrated that the strategic conjugation of caffeine with AgNPs substantially improved the therapeutic efficacy against breast cancer cell lines and simultaneously attenuated cytotoxicity in normal mouse liver (NBL) cells. Caf-AgNPs significantly increased ROS, malondialdehyde, COX-2, IL-1β, and TNF-α level in BC cells, which was accompanied by a decrease in glutathione levels. The increased levels of cytosolic cytochrome c, caspase-3, and Bax proteins, as well as a significant decrease in Bcl-2 expression and Bcl-2/Bax ratio, were indicative of the significant pro-apoptotic effects of Caf-AgNPs in MDA-MB-231 cells. Cancer cells subjected to Caf-AgNPs demonstrated elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) membrane leakage, signifying cellular membrane disruption. Cell cycle analysis revealed a substantial proportion of early and late stage apoptosis in cancer cells exposed to Caf-AgNPs, accompanied by a notable downregulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) mRNA expression. Caf-AgNPs utilize several mechanisms for cellular destruction, including cell cycle arrest, oxidative stress induction, modulation of the inflammatory response, and mitochondrial apoptosis. Caf-AgNPs offer a promising and complex strategy for breast cancer intervention. © 2025 American Pharmacists Association
Effects of diaphragmatic breathing exercise on sleeping quality, cortisol, cardiovascular autonomic functions, depression, and fatigue: a randomized-controlled trial in women with systemic sclerosis
(Termedia Publishing House Ltd, 2025-04-30) Ali Mohamed Ali Ismail; Nadia Saad Sayed Ahmed El Gressy; Mona Darwish Hegazy; Omnia Saeed Mahmoud Ahmed; Ahmed Mohamed Abdel-Halim Elfahl
Introduction: The available pharmacotherapies (immunosuppressant therapies) for systemic sclerosis (SSc) are not curative, especially in cases with non-lethal but challenging manifestations or complications of the disease. Fatigue, anxiety, depression, an over-activated hypothalamic–pituitary–
adrenal axis (stress axis), and low sleeping quality are the common SSc-induced non-lethal manifestations that need close management. Diaphragmatic breathing tele-exercise (DBTE), as a standalone deep breathing retraining and tele-interventional technique, has not been utilized in the rehabilitation context of non-lethal complications in women with SSc. This online interventional study
aimed to explore the efficacy of DBTE in controlling depression, cardiovascular autonomic functions,
stress, sleep, and anxiety in women with SSc.
Material and methods: This randomized controlled tele-interventional trial recruited 40 non-obese
women with SSc (aged > 18 years old) from an Egyptian teaching hospital. Women were randomly
assigned to the DBTE group (n = 20) or non-DBTE group (n = 20). The DBTE group underwent 12-week
20-minute morning and evening DBTE sessions (sessions were supervised daily through the Zoom
video conference program). The non-DBTE group served as a waitlist control group. The outcomes
of this study were diastolic blood pressure (BPD), serum cortisol, the total score of the Hamilton
Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS-TS), systolic blood pressure (BPS), the general score of the Pittsburgh
Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-GS), pulse rate (PR), the eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire (EI-PHQ8
),
respiratory rate (RR), and the Visual Analogue Scale of fatigue (VAS-F).
Results: In the DBTE group, there were significantly lowered values of PSQI-GS, HARS-TS, EI-PHQ8,
serum cortisol, VAS-F, and cardiovascular/respiratory autonomic functions (BPS, BPD, RR, and PR).
In the non-DBTE group, no significant changes were observed for any variables.
Conclusions: It can be concluded from this tele-interventional trial that the 12-week application of
DBTE may reduce cortisol, EI-PHQ8
, PSQI-GS, HARS-TS, BPS, BPD, RR, PR, and VAS-F in women with SSc.