MSA Repository "MSAR"

MSAR University's Digital Repository is a documentation and digitization of all university outcomes that are of effective value in the scientific and academic community and reflects the university's image, work, and effective contribution to society Through MSAR Digital Repository, the university managed to collect, store, archive and publish digital content - including documents, audio files, images and data sets - all in a safe place. MSAR is one of the strongest University Digital Repositories in Egypt and documented in the DSPACE community with its latest versions.

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MSA Journals 138
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RESEARCH & LANGUAGES CENTERS 18

Recent Submissions

Preventing Contrast‑Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Egyptian Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography: A Randomized Controlled Trial
(Adis International Ltd, 2026-02-17) Sarah Sabry; Mai K. Ammar; Mahmoud Taeima; Noha Nassar; Azza ElFiky; Ayman Saleh
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) observed after coronary angiography (CAG) requires preventive strategies guided by clinical judgment. Evidence is still lacking regarding the prevention of CI-AKI in patients undergoing coronary angiography. This study aimed to compare the effect of a high dose of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) plus preprocedural hydration, a high dose of atorvastatin (HDS) plus preprocedural hydration, or preprocedural hydration alone on the prevention of CI-AKI in patients undergoing elective coronary angiography. METHODS: A prospective multi-armed randomized comparative study was conducted on elective patients undergoing CAG. Patients were randomly assigned to either control group [n = 40], who received hydration with 0.9% saline started just before contrast media injection and continued for 12 h at a rate 1.0 mL/kg/min after angiography; NAC group [n = 40], who received oral NAC 1200 mg daily started 5 days before angiography and good hydration; or HDS group [n = 40], receiving one oral dose of atorvastatin 80 mg 24 h before angiography and good hydration. CI-AKI was defined as an increase in serum creatinine of > 25% of baseline or an absolute increase of 0.5 mg/dL above baseline after 48 h. Incidence of CI-AKI and incidence of complications were assessed for all groups. RESULTS: The study included 120 patients. The incidence of CI-AKI was [32.5%] in the control group, [20%] in the NAC group, and [12.5%] in the HDS group. The incidence of CI-AKI was significantly lower in the high-dose statin group compared with the control group (risk ratio = 1.658; 95% CI 1.050-2.433). In-hospital clinical outcomes showed no statistical significance among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both NAC and high-dose statins may reduce CI-AKI incidence in patients undergoing CAG, with statins showing more promising results. These findings support prophylactic strategies for CI-AKI prevention in high-risk patients undergoing CAG. In-hospital outcomes were comparable. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical-Trials.gov (ID; NCT06139952, Date; December 2023).
Metabolic shifts, a consequence of hyperosmolarity, are a hallmark of mental disorders
(Elsevier Ltd, 2026-04-02) Laurent Schwartz; Ashraf Bakkar; Frederic Bouillaud; Romain Attal; Marion Leboyer
Mental and neurodevelopmental disorders are heterogeneous, complex, and overlapping entities. Despite progress, their neurobiological underpinnings are not well understood, and current treatments have limited efficacy. However, a growing number of studies have shown impaired brain and systemic energy metabolism evidenced by low-grade inflammation, metabolic syndrome, mitochondrial dysfunction, and abnormal glucose utilization, although their underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This paper reviews metabolic shifts in mental disorders, examines the underlying mechanisms driving these metabolic abnormalities in patient subgroups, and explores targeted therapeutic strategies. We argue here that this inflammation results in hyperosmolarity because of increased protein concentration in the extracellular fluid, resulting from vascular leakages. Hyperosmolarity exerts pressure on the capillaries resulting in altered blood flow (hypoperfusion and/or hyper perfusion). Another consequence of hyperosmolarity is metabolic shifts such as aerobic glycolysis. Hyperosmolarity is also responsible for releasing neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Drugs known to interfere with metabolism such as methylene blue and lipoic acid have been found to have antidepressant, anxiolytic, and neuroprotective effects (both in animals and in humans) in a large array of mental disorders. We suggest that metabolic shifts are a hallmark of mental disorders and that treatments aiming to alleviate these metabolic shifts may improve patients' prognoses. Mechanisms-based treatments should be tested in future clinical trials, where subgroups of patients characterized as having the most profoundly impaired metabolism should be included, following the rules of precision psychiatry.
In Situ Synthesis of Anisotropic Silver Nanoparticles on 2D Chitosan Nanosheets: A Polymer-Metal Nanocomposite with Multi-target Genetic Efficacy Against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria
(Springer New York, 2026-02-20) Ola M. El-Borady; Azza S. El-Demerdash; Ahmed S. El Qiey; A. El-Shabasy; N. T. Abd El-Ghani
The escalating global crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) necessitates the rapid development of non-traditional, materials-based strategies. Here, we report a simple, one-pot, in situ synthesis of anisotropic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) directly and uniformly integrated onto the surface of two-dimensional (2D) chitosan (CS) nanosheets. This method exploits the intrinsic reducing and stabilizing capabilities of chitosan, enhanced by a modified synthetic approach using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) at low temperature, to create a robust, synergistic polymer-metal nanocomposite (CS-Ag). Comprehensive characterization (UV–Vis, FTIR, XRD, EDS, HRTEM, AFM) confirmed the successful immobilization and unique morphology, revealing anisotropic AgNPs with an average size of approximately 50 nm uniformly dispersed over the CS nanosheet. Moving significantly beyond standard inhibition assays, this work elucidates the multi-mechanistic and genetic-level action of the CS-Ag nanocomposite against a panel of multidrug resistant (MDR) clinical isolates. The material exhibited exceptional antibacterial potency, with maximum efficacy observed against Gram-negative bacteria, specifically Enterobacter ludwigii and Escherichia coli O157. To definitively uncover the underlying mechanism, we performed a novel gene expression analysis using a custom qPCR panel. This investigation provided molecular evidence of a multi-pronged attack that simultaneously targets cell structure and genetic defenses: a significant downregulation of key AMR genes (including the beta-lactamase gene (blaACT), the efflux pump gene (acrB), and the biofilm regulator (csgD)). Simultaneously, the bacteria reacted by upregulating genes indicative of cellular stress and repair, such as the heat shock protein gene (HSP60) and genes related to cell envelope damage (uge and nhaA). These compelling genetic findings were rigorously corroborated by molecular docking analysis, which mapped the high-affinity interaction of the nanocomposite with crucial bacterial membrane proteins (such as LolC). Collectively, these results establish the CS-Ag nanocomposite as a high-potential, next-generation hybrid material capable of circumventing and degrading AMR mechanisms by disarming MDR pathogens at the genetic level. This study offers a powerful, data-driven material-science approach for combating antibiotic resistance by simultaneously targeting both cell integrity and genetic defenses.
Irisin, Sclerostin, and Inflammatory Axis: Implication in Bone‐Muscle Wasting Diseases
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2026-02-14) Mohamad Maged; Sameh Heikal; Salma Ibrahim; Sameh E. Hassanein
Bone-muscle diseases, such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcopenia and cachexia, represent a growing global health concern, particularly among aging populations and older adults. These multifactorial disorders are characterized by progressive decline in bone density and muscle mass, increasing the chances of immobility and eventually disability. Such manifestations are driven by a complex molecular crosstalk between bones and muscles. This review highlights the key role of the irisin-sclerostin-inflammation triad in the pathophysiology of musculoskeletal degeneration. Irisin is a myokine induced by exercise. It is associated with osteogenesis and muscle regeneration. Sclerostin is an osteocyte-derived Wnt antagonist, inhibits bone formation and is linked to impaired muscle regeneration. Inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and IL-6 drive muscle catabolism and bone resorption through the NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways. Dysregulation of this triad accelerates musculoskeletal degeneration, particularly in chronic diseases and aging. We described the correlation between these diseases and mediators with age and gender. Additionally, we discussed current and emerging therapeutic strategies targeting these mediators, including anti-sclerostin antibodies for high-risk osteoporosis, cytokine/JAK-pathway inhibitors for inflammatory disease, and structured resistance/weight-bearing exercise as a cornerstone intervention. We highlighted assay standardization needs, proposed human-focused models, and outlined priorities for precision, combination strategies targeting the triad in bone-muscle wasting disorders.
Biotechnology‑driven applications for advancing sustainability in petroleum industry
(Springer Nature, 2026-02-21) H. N. Nassar; N. Sh. El‑Gendy
The petroleum industry faces increasing pressure to enhance sustainability while addressing environmental challenges. This review explores the transformative potential of biological innovations, highlighting microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) as a cost-effective, eco-friendly alternative to conventional methods, with operational cost reductions of up to 83% and oil recovery enhancements exceeding 44%. MEOR mechanisms, including biosurfactant production and oil viscosity reduction, show promise even under extreme reservoir conditions. This review summarizes the significant investments that aim to integrate cost-effective, less energy-intensive, ecofriendly bioprocesses that transform heavy crude oils (HCO) into lighter forms (LCO) via biodearomatization (BDA), alongside methods like biodepolymerization of asphaltenes (BDPA), biodemetallization (BDM), biodesulfurization (BDS), and biodenitrogenation (BDN). These biological approaches optimize oil recovery and upgrade petroleum, achieving up to 96% sulfur and nitrogen removal, while mitigating petroleum hydrocarbon pollution and reducing the carbon footprint of the industry. Bioremediation strategies, including bioaugmentation and biostimulation, effectively mitigate pollution, with cost reductions of up to 85% compared to traditional methods. Nanobiotechnology is also signified to enhance bioprocess efficiency, improving biocatalyst stability, activity, and scalability. The role of petroleum-, environmental-, and nano-biotechnology in developing innovative solutions that utilize agro-industrial wastes in the petroleum industry is also discussed to align with the principles of the circular economy by enhancing resource efficiency and reducing waste. Future efforts should prioritize integrating biotechnological solutions, advancing genetic engineering, and scaling pilot studies to commercial applications, underscoring biological innovations' potential to reshape the petroleum industry toward a more sustainable and environmentally responsible future.