Faculty Of Biotechnology Graduation Project 2019 - 2020

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Assessment of pesticides residue in cosmetic henna sold in Egyptian local market
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Ayman Mahmoud Said, Nagham
Assessment of pesticides residue in cosmetic henna sold in Egyptian local market Background: Henna is a flowering plant and the sole species of the genus Lawsonia. It is the source of a dye prepared from the plant lawsonia inermis and has been used since antiquity to dye hair, skin and fingernails. Also it is used to dye fabrics like (silk, wool and leather). For this reason, henna should be free from any contaminants such as pesticide residues; and disinfectants used for preventing the spread of pests and bacteria. When concentrations of pesticide residues exceed the permissible level, the risk to human health comes from direct or indirect exposure to pesticide residues in primary or derived agricultural products as it could lead to several potential toxic effects, carcinogenic and biological effects. Aim: The current study evaluated the composition and quality of 24 henna samples
Association between the frequency of IL-4 590C>T gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus.
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Mohamed Kamal Ismail Abo-El-Youssr, Yehia
Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is a cytokine which is encoded by IL4 gene, it plays a role to activate the differentiation of the native T helper cells (Th0) into a normal T-helper 2 cells (Th2). Previous researches had shown that IL-4 protects the pancreatic islets from cytotoxicity that can occur as well as it decreases the production of (Th1). In addition, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the IL-4 promoter region (IL4-590 C>T) could have a relation with type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition to that, the long-term exposure of IL-4 on the pancreatic islets can inhibit islet functions. The aim of the present study is to probe for the association of IL4-590 C>T with TDM in Egyptian patients.
Biodegradation of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) by Bacillus Cereus, Myroides species and Enterobacter species under different environmental conditions”
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Essam, Yara
The marine environment may be contaminated due to various activities of the petroleum industry with crude petroleum oil. In order to protect living organisms in this environment and for the protection of human health, this polluted marine environment must be bioremediated and detoxified. Although physiochemical methods are still used in various developing countries, biological treatments are the alternative because they are cheap, causing no harm to the environment. Different types of bacteria are able to clean up the polluted sites. In the present work, three bacterial species were used separately and in combination (a consortium) to biodegrade crude oil polluting marine water. Identification of the 3 bacteria was done using gene sequencing of 16s rRNA and they were recognized as Bacillus cereus MSA 6M, Myroides odoratimimus MSA 185 and Enterobacter cloacae MSA 47. Screening of the three bacterial strains was done for the production of biosurfactants and bio-emulsifiers using different media, different NaCl concentrations and different pH values. The results obtained showed that the 3 bacterial strains were able to produce active biosurfactants (155.5 – 176.6 cm2 ODA) when WFO was used as substrate, while when glycerol was used, the three bacteria behaved as weak biosurfactant producers (1.0 – 17.0 cm2 ODA). On the other hand, the two culture media were promising for the production of bio-emulsifiers. The results also show that 2% and 3% NaCl were promising for the production of biosurfactants and bio-emulsifiers. As for the effect of pH values, it can be seen that different results were obtained. Optimum pH values for B. cereus are 6-7 pH, for M. odoratimimus are 8-9 pH and for E. cloacae are 7-9 pH. These results indicate that the 3 bacteria work well in different ranges of pH values. On the other hand, the same trend of results were also observed
Comparative study of novel synthetic cyanochalcone derivatives versus curcumin as antineoplastic agents
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Fatima Ynis, Anna
Background: the demand for new efficient antineoplastic compounds to lessen the burden of cancer is constantly growing; with recent approaches seeking to develop new efficient natural or synthetic chemotherapeutic agents with fewer side effects. Aim: the present study was conducted aiming to screen in vitro the potential cytotoxic effects of a series of newly synthesized cyanochalcones versus that of the widely used natural compound curcumin. In addition, the interactions of these compounds with some cellular markers has been tested in silico through molecular docking approaches. Materials and methods: MTT assay was used to confirm the antiproliferative effects of cyanochalcone derivative 1 (CN ch1) and 5 (CN ch5) from the series of novel chalcones, against lung cancer (A549), colorectal cancer (HCT-116), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and prostate cancer (PC3) cell lines, in parallel with normal human lung cells (WI-38); while dose response curves and IC50 were calculated using GraphPad Prism. Molecular docking using softwares UCSF Chimera and Pymol was then performed to understand molecular interactions of the synthetic compounds. Results and discussion: data from CN ch1 has shown IC50 values of 149.1 g/ml, 778 g/ml, 241.1 g/ml, 42.68 g/ml against A549, HCT-116, HepG2 and PC3 cancer cell lines respectively, while exhibiting no cytotoxic effects towards WI-38. Similarly, CN ch5 has shown IC50 values of 199.2 g/ml, 1615 g/ml, 77.1 g/ml, 186.8 g/ml and 191.7 g/ml; while curcumin exhibited IC50 values of 40.1 g/ml, 126.7 g/ml, 31.1 g/ml, 31.61 g/ml and 36.47 g/ml. Among the tested compounds, curcumin thus exhibited highest inhibition of cell viability and lower IC50 values, reflecting the validity of using natural compounds to treat cancer instead of synthetic ones. Nonetheless, docking studies have also proved the potent binding affinity of the cyanochalcone derivatives towards selected receptors, with different binding free energies of -11.3, -11.2, -10.7 and 10.3 Kcal/mol for MMP-9, iNOS, AKT2
Detection of the adulteration and commercial fraud with Pig meat and fat in the processed meat and chocolate stuff using Real Time PCR and chemical analysis
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Mostafa Mohamed El-Gamel Shahin, Mohamed
Human health is an important matter so we should protect our health from contaminants that found in the environment. Eating untreated Pork and lard leading to disease that affect human health such as heart diseases, diabetes type 2, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, muscle pain, fever and swelling of the face. Pig related substances that are untreated or not cooked adequately could enter many food markets by fraud through several ways it can cause health problems upon consumption. It can lead to the infection by Trichinellosis which is a parasitic infection caused by Trichinella nematodes. The aim of this study is identification of fraud in different food samples. In this study, fraud contamination level was determined in 32 raw food samples (meat and chocolate) collected from farms, markets, butchers, and retail markets in different localities of the Greater Giza using Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR). Assay of Real-Time PCR was developed, for the highly specific detection of pork DNA. For the assay, the mtDNA of 12S RNA-tRNA Val gene was amplified at 63 ̊ C was amplified at 63 ̊ C using SYBR Green I for 45 min with a Real-Time PCR System that measured the fluorescent signal at one-minute intervals. Moreover, the DNA sequences of the isolated samples were characterized. The Fraud in food samples were detected in ten samples which represent about 31.25% of the tested samples.
Eco-Friendly Bio-Lubricant Production from Waste Vegetable Oil and Its Application in Power Plant
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Abd-Alla Gad Abd-Alla, Tasneem
Depletion of petroleum resources and environmental concern, has increased the demand for vegetable oil-based natural esters. In Egypt, it was reported that consumption of lubricants reached 760.025 barrels per day. “Eco-friendly” biodegradable waste vegetable oils can be used as an alternative for petroleum based lubricant that can be applied at power plant. Natural ester insulating (NEI) oils are promising substitutes for mineral insulating (MI) oils because these oils reduce aging of insulating papers in high-voltage oil-immersed power transformers. This work aimed to present the preparation of NEI oil by the esterification process of waste vegetable oil, in addition to comparing chemical, physical and electrical properties for the produced NEI from esterified waste cooking oil and MI oil.
Effect of Waste Tea Leaves and Waste Frying Oil on the Bioremediation of Petroleum Polluted Soil
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Alaa Reyad Shendy, Amira
Petroleum hydrocarbons when released in to soil cause serious effects on plants, animals and humans. Accumulation of PHCs, especially the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the tissues of living organisms causes mutation or death of the organism. For the protection of living organisms, these pollutants must be removed or detoxified from the environment. Bioremediation of the PHC polluted sites is promising strategy, it is cost effective and safe for the environment. In the present work a polluted sandy soil was bioremediated by using the effect of certain additives such as waste frying oil (WFO), waste tea leaves, NP fertilizer and combination of these materials; on the microbial counts of this soil and on the biodegradation of the oil. It must be noted that no previous research work was carried out using WFO and waste tea leaves (T) for enhancing the biodegradation of PHCs. The results obtained show that higher counts of THB were 18.08 × 107 and 17.21 × 107 CFU/gm soil in presence of WFO and waste tea leaves respectively. As for THB the higher counts were recorded in the presence of WFO and WFO + T although no significant variations were obtained. These results indicate that the main factor for increasing total counts of bacteria is presence of WFO and sometimes the presence of (T). As for the effects of the different treatments on the biodegradation (Loss %) of the pollutant, the results show that after 60 days of treatments, WFO +NP succeeded to remove the higher amount of oil (47.0%), followed by WFO alone, although statistically no significant variations between the results were observed. Again it can be seen that the main factor is the presence of WFO. The above results lead to the conclusion that the application of WFO and /or “T” may represent promising, cost - effective and safe strategy that can be used under emergency conditions. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at the beginning and at the end of 60 days treatments were identified and quantified by using HPLC analysis technique. The results show that this pollutant contained 13 PAH individuals of the 16 US EPA priority PAHs. The total of these PAHs are 129.7 mg/kg soil, with pyrene the dominant (92.3 mg/kg soil). Results of the biodegradation of total PAHs show that the higher loss (%) was 79.9% in presence of WFO alone, followed by 40.8% in the absence of any treatments. In presence of WFO alone of different PAH individuals were completely degraded (100%), of the 7PAHs 3 PAHs were known to be carcinogenic compounds. Mixing the WFO with T+NP resulted in the complete degradation of 5 PAH individuals, of which two only are
Evaluation of differences of sodium and potassium levels in umbilical cord blood plasma and fresh blood plasma in neonates
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Hassan Abd El-Fatah, Amr
Transition from fetal to neonatal existence is correlated with significant shifts in fluid and electrolyte rates owing to homeostatic regulation. This research was intended to examine sodium and potassium in plasma of neonate’s and in cord blood. 40 normal term neonates aged less than 37 weeks number of females were 21 however males 19 were included in the study also plasma sodium and potassium were analyzed in 18 samples of cord blood plasma then mean, standard deviation and P-value were evaluated also, independent t-test was performed for data by a 95% confidence-interval for mean variance. This approach was done by following, collection of umbilical cord blood, Auto Xpress Platform (AXP) automated system, flow cytometry procedure and kits, human umbilical cord plasma screening and storage, umbilical cord plasma preparation for evaluating sodium and potassium, fresh blood plasma extraction, Potassium and sodium evaluation, finally statistical analysis. This study showed very wide range of plasma sodium and potassium levels that seem to be abnormally high or low in cord blood and in healthy term neonate during first week of life but these are actually normal for that neonatal period depending upon gestational and post-natal age. The normal values of plasma sodium and potassium in neonates are different from other age groups and it varies with postnatal age and gestational age so same reference range of electrolytes should not be used in all neonates instead a reference range derived from large neonatal datasets of varied gestational and postnatal age should be used.
Explore variability of local peach genetic resources for efficient breeding programs
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Ayman Mustafa, Nermin
Fruits of local peach strains, grown under Dakahlia governorate for a long time ago, are characterize with special taste and aroma, compared with other peach cultivars, and appear in the markets yearly from mide-June to mid-September, the period when the fruits of most early and mid-season peach cultivars disappear. Local peach trees were sexually propagated, so different strains were produced. Such strains are greatly differed in growth habits, maturity date, and yield and fruit characteristics within the same orchard. Those strains have locally common names known to farmers. Since traditional methods, based on morphological and phenological characters are time consuming, blurred by environmental influences and frequently lake resolving power needed to undoubtedly identify individual genotype, the present study aimed to detect genetic variability and explore local peach genetic resources, where genetic aspects are powerful tools in the improvement of the crop and development of molecular markers, as an efficient short cut and cost-effective tool for evaluation, could assist selection and breeding programs. Electrophoretic protein banding patterns and two enzyme profiles; peroxidase and Polyphenol Oxidase, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR (RAPD-PCR) and inter simple sequence repeat-PCR (ISSR-PCR) were used to assess the genetic diversity of five selected, on basis of growth habits and flowering attitudes, Sultani peach seedy individuals. One RAPD primer; D07, and two ISSR primers; HB10 and HB12, were tested. Based on the results of overall markers (biochemical and molecular), only two (No. 1 and 5) of the five selected individuals were genetically identical to each other. Only one protein band was unique in one of the five selected individuals (No. 4), while one peroxidase isozyme was not detectable only in the second individual. Polyphenol Oxidase exhibited four monomorphic bands across the five selected individuals. All primers were successfully used as fingerprinting tool. One specific fragment was detected to discriminate the fourth individual
Factors Allecting Rhizosphere Colonization of Tomato Plant by Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Adel Shawky, Peter
Rhizosphere is defined as “the zone of soil immediately adjacent to legume roots that supports high levels of bacterial activity’’ The goal of this study was to enhance or improve the colonization of rhizosphere of tomato plants by plant growth promoting bacteria. PGPR has two main mechanisms to improve colonization of rhizosphere , first the direct mechanism that improve growth of plant and including the production of phytohormones and nitrogen fixation, and the indirect mechanism which decrease the harmful effects of the growth of pathogens by the production of antibiotics and synthesizing of the lytic enzymes. During this study, 12 bacterial strains were obtained from the rhizosphere of tomato. The greenhouse experiment indicated that the treatment with Ser, B63, E31 had shown good capacities for tomato root colonization. To improving the survival rate of tested bacterial isolates, micro- encapsulation techniques of rhizosphere microorganisms by sodium alginate and calcium chloride was conducted. The survival rate of bacteria in capsules was estimated during one month shelf life experiment. Both tested methods free bacterial cells as well as encapsulation technique are promising tools to be used as successful delivery methods of plant growth promoting bacteria
Genetic Analysis of F protein Gene of Recently Isolated Newcastle Disease Virus
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Sayed Metwally Sayed, Abdulrahman
Newcastle disease is an infectious mild to lethal virus disease of birds specifically the domestic chicken. The NDV caused by paramyxovirus of the genus Rubulavirus (species Newcastle diseases virus). The disease has different signs marked by highly inconstant respiratory, digestive, tremors, diarrhea, incoordination, coughing and twitching of head. The disease attack all ages of chickens especially it's destructive to young birds. NDV is an enveloped virus with two membrane proteins: the haemagglutinin–neuraminidase (HN) protein involved in cell attachment and release, and the fusion (F) protein involved in mediating fusion of the viral envelope with cellular membranes. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) still considered as a huge concern in Egyptian poultry industry, in spite of massive vaccination programs implemented from along years ago. The main object of the current study is to do a molecular identification of both surface glycoproteins genes of NDv virions of a recently isolated field strain during 2019. Tracheas were collected from 10 chicken - NDv vaccinated - broilers flocks suffered from mild to moderate respiratory manifestations with Mortalities varied from 10 to 25 % at Giza governorate during October 2019. Only 5 samples showed HA activity after blind Propagation at SPF eggs and only one sample (S4) was +Ve APMV-1 by rtRT-PCR. Sequence of the cleavage site of the F protein gene showed typical known sequence of velogenic NDv strains (112RRQKRF117). Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of both F and HN proteins genes of S4 new isolate showed high similarity and close relation with Chinese strains of Genotype VII sub type D reached 97.28 % for F protein gene and 98.72% suggesting a role of migratory or wild birds in NDV evolution in Egypt. Further epidemiological and surveillance work is strongly recommended to define the exact role of migratory and wild birds role in NDV evolution in last years.
Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Selected Personal Care Beauty Creams Purchased from Egyptian Local Markets
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Maher Azmy, Mira
Cosmetics are a major source of heavy metal releases. Various types of chemicals as ingredients, some of which are used as preservatives, are used in cosmetic products. The presence of harmful chemicals in these materials is a matter of concern. Cosmetic products include heavy metals among the harmful chemicals. This study has been carried out to assess the level of heavy metals in Egyptian products. Nineteen different brand products of beauty creams including oily skin creams, dry skin creams, Natural skin creams, whitening creams and ACNE creams were purchased from local Egyptian markets or misbrands of frequently used beauty creams. Samples have been analyzed to determine concentration of heavy metals; lead (Pb), mercury (Hg); cobalt (Ni), manganese (Mn) , copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), concentrations of heavy metals; lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cobalt (Ni), manganese (Mn) , copper (Cu), iron (Fe), chrome (Cr), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), tin (Sn) and other materials have been identified. Samples have been analyzed. Based on the mean concentrations, ACNE creams were found to be highly contaminated types with lead, mercury, Arsenic, Zinc and Nickel, while, whitening creams were found to be highly contaminated varieties with manganese, iron and tin. On the other hand, the highest concentration of copper was found in dry skin creams. The health risk exposure was evaluated for estimated weekly intake and the most of these elements are identified as potential impurities and known to be toxic. The results of the study show that the prolonged use of these products threat human health. Consequently, quality control is suggested to impose acceptable limits of contaminants in cosmetics.
Impact of Lnc-NOTCH1 in Chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Abdelfatah Mohammed, Mahmoud
Sincere thanks to Prof. Ayman Diab, the Dean of Faculty of Biotechnology MSA University, and my internal supervisor for providing the opportunity to have greatly informative graduation project experiences that have prepared us for the real world and to start our careers in future; and it would also never happen without Dr. Gehan Safwat, the student affairs advisor, graduation project coordinator and lecturer at the Faculty of Biotechnology MSA University. I would like to express my deepest thanks, and my grateful acknowledgment and appreciation to my external supervisor. Dr. Nashwa El Khazragy. For her efforts for giving me all the information that I needed for my project and for listening to me and advising me. The faculty of biotechnology teaching staff, thank you for giving me all the information that I needed since day one, thanks for giving me all information about the techniques that helped me in my project, and for teaching me how to be passionate about what I’m doing here. And finally, I would like to thank my family, Dr AbdelFatah Mohammed & Abeer Fathy whom I consider them my backbone and source of inspiration, and for being always interested in developing my future.
Maintaining Postharvest Quality of Fruits by Using Essential Oils
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Hamdy Mabrouk Ahmed Eshiba, Nada
Date fruits loss their quality during storage after being harvested and ripen because of the microbial decay, which is caused by fungi. Fungicides were used to get rid of fungi, but some fungal pathogens were reported to develop resistance to synthetic fungicides. Natural compounds such as essential oils get a lot of attention to be used as an alternative for chemical compounds (fungicides), due to their biodegradability. They are found to play a good role in maintaining fresh fruits quality as date and inhibit the development of fungi after being harvested in a healthy and safe way. The objective of this study was made to test the effect of spraying the essential oils Peppermint and Lemongrass on date. The date fruits were sprayed with Peppermint and Lemongrass essential oils of concentration 1 and 2% for each. The sprayed fruits were stored for 40 days at room temperature from 20 - 23ºC. In this experiment some chemical and physical characteristics were identified during storage such as percentage of weight loss and percentage of decayed fruits, moreover the total soluble pectin, total phenols and antioxidant activity. Antifungal activities of the two essential oils against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium were measured. Chemical compositions of the essential oils were identified by GC-MS. The results indicated that the physical and the chemical properties of the fruits were enhanced by sprayed with all essential oil treatments. A considerable delay in the properties of fruits comparing with the untreated fruits (control). Concerning to antifungal activities of the two essential oils against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium, Lemongrass essential oil of 2% had the highest effect.
MMP13 is a New Tumor Marker for Breast Cancer Diagnosis
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Mohamed Sobhy, Ehsan
Background: Breast cancer is lead malignancy in women worldwide and is easily curable in its early stages when detected. Many attempts have been made by scientists to facilitate early diagnosis including but not limited to routine checks with highly advanced equipment. Recently, an emerging tool for early diagnosis suggested by scientists was the utilization of biomarkers, which are wither proteins, genes, or cells that are exclusively found when a certain disease is present. In case of breast cancer, matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) and many other proteins were suspected of being associated, thus, further research was necessary to confirm. Studies have previously found that MMP13 exhibits the highest levels among all the other markers investigated due to its proliferative role in cell cycle. MMP13 is a blood tumor marker which makes it easy to detect, and potentially a readily available, noninvasive diagnostic tool. Methods: In this research, MMP13 levels in serum samples were measured using sandwich ELISA technique. Patients were 88 Egyptian breast cancer patients from Baheya hospital divided into three categories:18 benign (control), 35 malignant, and 35 metastatic. Results: The benign samples were used as control where normally MMP13 levels were found to be low. Malignant and metastatic patients had significantly high levels of MMP13 as speculated by previous research. Conclusion: Hence, this suggests MMP13 can be used as tumor marker for breast cancer patients.
The Plant Growth Promoting Activities of Actinomycetes
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Kamal Kamel, Mirna
The relationship between the plant and rhizosphere microorganisms divides into either positive interaction or negative interaction, depends on how the rhizosphere microorganism affect the plant, the majority of many plants are under the danger of phytopathogens that affect plant growth and productivity. The goal of this study was to create a commercial bio-control agent composed of rhizosphere Actinomycetes ready to enhance the expansion of plants and enhance the plant defence system whereas additionally having the ability to survive within the rhizosphere. During this study, 19 bacterial strains of Actinomycetes were obtained (AC1, AC2, AC4, AC6, AC14, AC15, AC18, AC20, AC22, AC24, AC25, AC26, AC28, AC34, AC40, AC51, AC52, AC73, AC61/2B), to determine which strains have the highest effect on enhancing the plant growth, but only 7 strains showed significant effect on plant growth as (AC2, AC14, AC18, AC22, AC25, AC28, AC40). Among them strains (AC25, 40, 26, 51, 18, 14, 34) showed significant antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum during the dual culture assay. The greenhouse experiment indicated that Actinomycetes treated wheat plants had shown good growth parameters such as root and shoot length and weight compared to non-inoculated control plants.
A QuEChERS Based Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Hormones in Chicken
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Kamal Ahmed Fouad, Mohamed
Background: chickens are important source of food that provide more than 67.6% of the daily protein. Moreover, chicken meat contains a high level of various B vitamins and can even lessen age-related memory issues. Hormones are chemicals that are secreted by the endocrine glands to the blood stream in order to achieve the stimulatory effect on various different types of cells. Therefore, some breeders use these growth hormones in the feed of chicken in order to stimulate their growth and increase meat and egg production of the chicken. However, this hormonal residues should not exceed a specific limit in the meat of the chicken due to its negative effect on humans. The aim of this project is to determine whether hormones are present in the chicken meat using QuEChERS method and LC/MS-MS using high performance liquid chromatography and calculating the human exposure to the hormonal hazard. Therefore, 30 samples were collected and analyzed to determine the presence of hormonal residues in the meat using LC/MS-MS. There was no hormonal residues detected revealing free hormonal residues in the 30 samples.
“Role of karyotyping in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Khalid Elsayed, Doha
Leukemia is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow. Bone marrow produces blood cells, leukemia can develop due to a problem with blood cell production. It usually affects the leukocytes, or white blood cells. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells, characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal cells that build up in the bone marrow and blood and interfere with normal blood cells. karyotyping helps to determine whether there are any abnormalities, structural and numerical problems within the chromosomes. The participants were chosen according to the needed criteria for the study and were gave written informed consents. Thirty participants were enrolled into the present study suffering from Acute Myeloid leukemia. All of participants bone marrow samples were obtained according to WHO 2010 criteria. The samples done under a serious of actions containing the following cultured in RPMI media in culture flask than harvesting after 72 hr. at the metaphase stage followed by trypsinization and staining process in order to prepare the slide for examination, chromosomes were analyzed using LUCIA Cytogenetics software. Half of the patients were normal (50%), while only one participant (3.3%) was 46XYt(15;17) , (4/30 ) (13.3%) were 47XY+8, (4/30) (13.3%) were 45XY-7, (2/30) (6.7%) were 46XYinv(16), (2/30) (6.7%) were 47XY+22, (1/30) (3.3%) were 47XY+19 ,and (1/30) (3.3%) were 46XYt(9;22). In the present study, all the participants with acute myeloid leukemia showed a change in the following parameters. The majority of them shows increase in pBBlast, BMBlast, and Tlc, while it showed a decrease in hemoglobin and platelets count. Finally, most of the participants which were twenty-five having hepatosplenomegaly.
ZnO nano-solvent foe efficacy enhancenemnt of some antibiotics in poultry
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Emadaldin Salah Kassem, Emadaldin
Nowadays, bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become a global issue. Nano materials, such as metal oxide nanoparticles, have appeared to be promising contenders during the last few years. The aim of this study was to investigate zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in vitro antibacterial properties against avian pathogenic E. coli alone and in combination with different antibiotics. In this study, ZnO nanoparticle was synthesized using direct precipitation method. Physical characteristics of ZnO NPs were confirmed using X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Antibacterial resistance pattern of ten antibiotics: (amoxicillin(Aml), ciprofloxacin (Cip), enrofloxacin (Ex), gentamicin (Cn), doxycycline (Do), levofloxacin (LEV), Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (SXT), tetracyclin (TE), Spiramycin(SR) and Streptomycin(S)), in addition to different concentration of ZnO NPs, was determined by disc diffusion assay on 10 avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC). The results showed that 50% (5\10) of the strains are resistant to all antibiotic, while the rest were found to be sensitive to one or two antibiotics. The best concentration of ZnO NPs was 1gm\ ml which give wider zone than other concentrations (0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.0625 and 0.03125 gm \ml). The combination between antibiotic and ZnO NPs showed a synergistic effect with spiramycin, gentamycin and streptomycin while an antagonistic effect was observed between ZnO NPs and Ciprofloxacin and Enrofloxacin. There was no effect with other antibiotic. However, our findings, the in vivo evaluation should be evaluated to confirm the results

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Browsing Faculty Of Biotechnology Graduation Project 2019 - 2020 by Subject "Biotechnology"