Faculty Of Biotechnology Graduation Project 2019 - 2020

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Treatment potential of azadirachtia indica methanol extract against schistosomiasis in mice
(MSA university, 1/20/2020) Ramadan Aboelhassan Gaballah, Waad
Treatment potential of azadirachtia indica methanol
Explore variability of local peach genetic resources for efficient breeding programs
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Ayman Mustafa, Nermin
Fruits of local peach strains, grown under Dakahlia governorate for a long time ago, are characterize with special taste and aroma, compared with other peach cultivars, and appear in the markets yearly from mide-June to mid-September, the period when the fruits of most early and mid-season peach cultivars disappear. Local peach trees were sexually propagated, so different strains were produced. Such strains are greatly differed in growth habits, maturity date, and yield and fruit characteristics within the same orchard. Those strains have locally common names known to farmers. Since traditional methods, based on morphological and phenological characters are time consuming, blurred by environmental influences and frequently lake resolving power needed to undoubtedly identify individual genotype, the present study aimed to detect genetic variability and explore local peach genetic resources, where genetic aspects are powerful tools in the improvement of the crop and development of molecular markers, as an efficient short cut and cost-effective tool for evaluation, could assist selection and breeding programs. Electrophoretic protein banding patterns and two enzyme profiles; peroxidase and Polyphenol Oxidase, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR (RAPD-PCR) and inter simple sequence repeat-PCR (ISSR-PCR) were used to assess the genetic diversity of five selected, on basis of growth habits and flowering attitudes, Sultani peach seedy individuals. One RAPD primer; D07, and two ISSR primers; HB10 and HB12, were tested. Based on the results of overall markers (biochemical and molecular), only two (No. 1 and 5) of the five selected individuals were genetically identical to each other. Only one protein band was unique in one of the five selected individuals (No. 4), while one peroxidase isozyme was not detectable only in the second individual. Polyphenol Oxidase exhibited four monomorphic bands across the five selected individuals. All primers were successfully used as fingerprinting tool. One specific fragment was detected to discriminate the fourth individual
Impact of Lnc-NOTCH1 in Chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Abdelfatah Mohammed, Mahmoud
Sincere thanks to Prof. Ayman Diab, the Dean of Faculty of Biotechnology MSA University, and my internal supervisor for providing the opportunity to have greatly informative graduation project experiences that have prepared us for the real world and to start our careers in future; and it would also never happen without Dr. Gehan Safwat, the student affairs advisor, graduation project coordinator and lecturer at the Faculty of Biotechnology MSA University. I would like to express my deepest thanks, and my grateful acknowledgment and appreciation to my external supervisor. Dr. Nashwa El Khazragy. For her efforts for giving me all the information that I needed for my project and for listening to me and advising me. The faculty of biotechnology teaching staff, thank you for giving me all the information that I needed since day one, thanks for giving me all information about the techniques that helped me in my project, and for teaching me how to be passionate about what I’m doing here. And finally, I would like to thank my family, Dr AbdelFatah Mohammed & Abeer Fathy whom I consider them my backbone and source of inspiration, and for being always interested in developing my future.
Maintaining Postharvest Quality of Fruits by Using Essential Oils
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Hamdy Mabrouk Ahmed Eshiba, Nada
Date fruits loss their quality during storage after being harvested and ripen because of the microbial decay, which is caused by fungi. Fungicides were used to get rid of fungi, but some fungal pathogens were reported to develop resistance to synthetic fungicides. Natural compounds such as essential oils get a lot of attention to be used as an alternative for chemical compounds (fungicides), due to their biodegradability. They are found to play a good role in maintaining fresh fruits quality as date and inhibit the development of fungi after being harvested in a healthy and safe way. The objective of this study was made to test the effect of spraying the essential oils Peppermint and Lemongrass on date. The date fruits were sprayed with Peppermint and Lemongrass essential oils of concentration 1 and 2% for each. The sprayed fruits were stored for 40 days at room temperature from 20 - 23ºC. In this experiment some chemical and physical characteristics were identified during storage such as percentage of weight loss and percentage of decayed fruits, moreover the total soluble pectin, total phenols and antioxidant activity. Antifungal activities of the two essential oils against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium were measured. Chemical compositions of the essential oils were identified by GC-MS. The results indicated that the physical and the chemical properties of the fruits were enhanced by sprayed with all essential oil treatments. A considerable delay in the properties of fruits comparing with the untreated fruits (control). Concerning to antifungal activities of the two essential oils against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium, Lemongrass essential oil of 2% had the highest effect.
Biohydrogels Reinforced with Graphene Oxide as an Ecofriendly Nanocarrier for Controlled Drug Delivery
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Salah, Mai Yasser
In recent years, polymer nanocomposites are widely prepared for different biomedical applications such as controlled drug release systems used in the development of drug delivery for cancer treatment. Through pH-sensitive nano-systems, the drug release is triggered by an acidic tumor environment to improve the efficiency of cancer treatment. The main purpose of the ideal drug delivery system (DDS) is keeping the drug within the desired therapeutic range after a single dose, and/or target the drug to a specific area while reducing its overall dosage. The aim of this study was preparation of pH-sensitive drug carrier from Starch (ST) and 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) reinforced with graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite hydrogel (ST-PHEMA/GO) in aqueous solution via γ-radiation induced copolymerization and crosslinking. The structure and morphology of the nanocomposite hydrogel were studied by FTIR, FE-SEM, XRD and TEM analysis. The swelling behavior of the prepared hydrogels loading the drug was determined by investigating the time and pH-dependent swelling of the (ST-PHEMA) hydrogels of different GO content and irradiation dose. The effect of environmental parameters such as pH on the swelling kinetics and the efficiency of the nanocarrier in releasing the drug to breast cancer cells MCF-7 were studied. The results showed as the irradiation dose increases, the GO distribution in ST-PHEMA matrix becomes more homogenous where 30kGy had the best distribution. TEM and XRD analysis confirmed the present of GO in the polymer matrix in the nano scale. Furthermore, the higher the GO content, the higher the swelling percentage and the diffusion exponent (n) according to Fickian law is less than 0.5 indicating that the nanocarrier is following diffusion-controlled process (Fickian diffusion mechanism). The nanocarrier loading the drug showed high toxicity to the cancerous cells manifesting its ability to be used in the controlled drug delivery medicine
“Role of karyotyping in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Khalid Elsayed, Doha
Leukemia is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow. Bone marrow produces blood cells, leukemia can develop due to a problem with blood cell production. It usually affects the leukocytes, or white blood cells. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells, characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal cells that build up in the bone marrow and blood and interfere with normal blood cells. karyotyping helps to determine whether there are any abnormalities, structural and numerical problems within the chromosomes. The participants were chosen according to the needed criteria for the study and were gave written informed consents. Thirty participants were enrolled into the present study suffering from Acute Myeloid leukemia. All of participants bone marrow samples were obtained according to WHO 2010 criteria. The samples done under a serious of actions containing the following cultured in RPMI media in culture flask than harvesting after 72 hr. at the metaphase stage followed by trypsinization and staining process in order to prepare the slide for examination, chromosomes were analyzed using LUCIA Cytogenetics software. Half of the patients were normal (50%), while only one participant (3.3%) was 46XYt(15;17) , (4/30 ) (13.3%) were 47XY+8, (4/30) (13.3%) were 45XY-7, (2/30) (6.7%) were 46XYinv(16), (2/30) (6.7%) were 47XY+22, (1/30) (3.3%) were 47XY+19 ,and (1/30) (3.3%) were 46XYt(9;22). In the present study, all the participants with acute myeloid leukemia showed a change in the following parameters. The majority of them shows increase in pBBlast, BMBlast, and Tlc, while it showed a decrease in hemoglobin and platelets count. Finally, most of the participants which were twenty-five having hepatosplenomegaly.
Detection of amount of Hydrogenated and trans fatty acids on fast and fried food surface
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Abdulla, Mahmoud Mohsen Mohamed
Background: Trans-Fatty acids are formed during the process of partial hydrogenation in which liquid vegetable oils are converted to margarine and vegetable shortening. In the 20th century, fast food was spread all over the world and the consumption is increased among all age. According to statistical analysis in Egypt, in the last 10 years the fast food consumption is increased annually 46.5%. Fast food is rich in trans-fatty acids which provided increase plasma concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and reduce concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol relative to the natural fat, increase in glucose concentrations and high pressure. Aim: This study is purposes to detect the hydrogenated and trans-fatty acids on the surface of various fast food by using HPLC and Gas Chromatography Assay. Methods: HPLC method was used for the determination of total trans-unsaturated fatty acid (trans) content and gas-liquid chromatographic method was used for determination of fatty acid composition of partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVO) were studied collaboratively in various fast food samples. The test samples were methylated and analyzed for total trans-content by HPLC and for fatty acid composition by GC using a capillary column coated with SP-2560. Results: Our investigation observed that trans-octadecenoate (18:1t) content was calculated with the formula: 18:1t = HPLC trans-0.84 x (18:2t + 18:3t) - 1.74 x 18:2tt. The cis-octadecenoate (18:1c) content was obtained as the difference between total octadecenoates (18:1) and 18:1t. Reproducibility relative standard deviations (RSDR) for 15 to 35% trans-content determined by HPLC were in the range of 8.8-11.7%, whereas RSDR for the test sample with 5% trans-content was 34.6%. RSDR values for 18:1t by the GC/HPLC followed the same pattern as that of HPLC trans- values: 36.4% for the test sample with 4.9% 18:1t versus 7.8-12.5% for test samples with 14.9 to 32.6% 18:1t. The content of 18:1c in the test samples varied from 24.7 to 34.5% and their RSDR values ranged from 3.8 to 10.5%. The mean values for 18:1t and 18:1c compared favorably with the absolute levels determined by a silver nitrate-thin layer chromatography/GC procedure. Conclusions: HPLC and GC methods are recommended for determination of trans content and fatty acid composition, respectively, of partially hydrogenated fats derived from vegetable oils, terrestrial animal fats or such oils and fats isolated from food products containing > 5% trans fatty acids.
The Plant Growth Promoting Activities of Actinomycetes
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Kamal Kamel, Mirna
The relationship between the plant and rhizosphere microorganisms divides into either positive interaction or negative interaction, depends on how the rhizosphere microorganism affect the plant, the majority of many plants are under the danger of phytopathogens that affect plant growth and productivity. The goal of this study was to create a commercial bio-control agent composed of rhizosphere Actinomycetes ready to enhance the expansion of plants and enhance the plant defence system whereas additionally having the ability to survive within the rhizosphere. During this study, 19 bacterial strains of Actinomycetes were obtained (AC1, AC2, AC4, AC6, AC14, AC15, AC18, AC20, AC22, AC24, AC25, AC26, AC28, AC34, AC40, AC51, AC52, AC73, AC61/2B), to determine which strains have the highest effect on enhancing the plant growth, but only 7 strains showed significant effect on plant growth as (AC2, AC14, AC18, AC22, AC25, AC28, AC40). Among them strains (AC25, 40, 26, 51, 18, 14, 34) showed significant antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum during the dual culture assay. The greenhouse experiment indicated that Actinomycetes treated wheat plants had shown good growth parameters such as root and shoot length and weight compared to non-inoculated control plants.
MMP13 is a New Tumor Marker for Breast Cancer Diagnosis
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Mohamed Sobhy, Ehsan
Background: Breast cancer is lead malignancy in women worldwide and is easily curable in its early stages when detected. Many attempts have been made by scientists to facilitate early diagnosis including but not limited to routine checks with highly advanced equipment. Recently, an emerging tool for early diagnosis suggested by scientists was the utilization of biomarkers, which are wither proteins, genes, or cells that are exclusively found when a certain disease is present. In case of breast cancer, matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) and many other proteins were suspected of being associated, thus, further research was necessary to confirm. Studies have previously found that MMP13 exhibits the highest levels among all the other markers investigated due to its proliferative role in cell cycle. MMP13 is a blood tumor marker which makes it easy to detect, and potentially a readily available, noninvasive diagnostic tool. Methods: In this research, MMP13 levels in serum samples were measured using sandwich ELISA technique. Patients were 88 Egyptian breast cancer patients from Baheya hospital divided into three categories:18 benign (control), 35 malignant, and 35 metastatic. Results: The benign samples were used as control where normally MMP13 levels were found to be low. Malignant and metastatic patients had significantly high levels of MMP13 as speculated by previous research. Conclusion: Hence, this suggests MMP13 can be used as tumor marker for breast cancer patients.
Screening of GMO in different food products and fruits
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) ElRouby, Mariam Tarek Hassan Mukhtar
Detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food and fruits is a vital issue for all the subjects involved in food control and consumer’s right. As a consequence of the growing number of GMOs imported to Egypt during the past few years, it has become an important issue to screen food products with the purpose of determining the identity of the daily consumed products. In this investigation, following the extraction of genomic DNA from 25 samples different processed foods that are sold commercially in Egypt, qualitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect genetically modified maize, soybean and other plants. The recombinant DNA target sequences were detected with primers highly specific for each investigated transgene such as CaMV35s gene and NOS terminator while gel electrophoresis was performed to ensure the presence of a genetically modified organisms in the commercial products. According to the PCR products, the results shown that 13 out of 25 food samples were containing soybean and showed positive results with CaMV35s promoter except sample 13 showed positive results with both NOS terminator and CaMV35s promoter confirming that all these samples contain genetically modified genes. Although, 4 samples out of 25 samples tested positive with CaMV35s promoter at size 195bp for maize showing the presence of GMO. All of the positive samples were detected with BT11 and Roundup for maize and soybean respectively. The fruits samples number 9 and 25 were confirmed GMO due to the presence of CaMV35s promoter in both samples. The results proved the presence of GM maize, soybean and fruit samples in Egypt food products, strengthening the necessity for the development of a strong labeling system and valid qualitative methods in routine analyses before the products are commercially sold.
A Comparative Study of Novel Chalcone Derivatives and Ethanolic Extract of Nerium Oleander as an Anticancer Agent Using Different Cancer Cell Lines
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Hanafy, Habiba Waleed Awad
Background: Cancer is major global health concern. Some methods of cancer treatment are available, such as chemotherapy which has many side effects and shows drug resistance. Alternative treatments using herbal medicine or synthetic compound has been known as new therapeutic approaches which act as anticancer drugs with less or no toxic issue. Chalcone derivatives that exhibit a variety of physiological bioactivities and target multiple biological receptors. On the other hand, N.Olender a Mediterranean herb is well known for its cytotoxic effect. Objectives: 1. This project aimed to screen and compare the cytotoxic effect of new chalcones derivatives in comparison with the ethanolic extract of leaves of N.Olender using different human cancer cell lines with parallel to normal cell lines. 2. Molecular docking of the chalcones with some cellular protein markers. Methods: MTT assay was conducted using different concentration of CH4 and CH6 chalcones and the percentage of viability was calculated. The dose respond curve (IC50) was calculated using graphpad prism software, in addition, Molecular docking was conducted using Autodock Vina software. Results: Chalcones CH6 significantly decreased A549 cells viability in vitro. After 48 hours treatment, the IC50 value was 46 µg/ml that displayed the highest cytotoxic activity from all the tested compounds. Moreover As for N.olender, the colorectal (HCT116) has shown to be the most sensitive cell line to the crude with IC50 = 46 µg/ml versus other cancer cell line. While CH4 has a high cytotoxicity effect on prostate cell line (PC3) more than CH6 does with IC50 123.9 µg/ml and 375.3 µg/ml respectively. CH4 and CH6 has shown their high binding affinity towards C-MET and NOS protein receptors. Conclusion: The observed data indicate the validity of using N.Olender in colorectal cancer while CH6 for lung cancer treatments. Collected date have been discussed in view of previous literature. Sensitivity 12 might be the matter of deference in cell surface receptors on different cancer cell lines but interact differently with tested compounds.
Efficiency of Chitosan/Graphene oxide Nanocomposite for Improvement of Water Quality
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Waziry, Mahmoud Mostafa Fathy
The pollution of water became an international concern. Regardless which purpose water is used, it should not be contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms or harmful heavy metals. Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) have been considered potential antibacterial agents effective against a large variety of microorganisms. In addition to graphene oxide which plays a critical role in removal of heavy metals beside its antimicrobial activity. The biocompatible polymer mixed with the GO NPs led to low cytotoxicity on human cells, uniform size and excellent stability. This research mentions a critical estimation of the contribution of the mixed GO\CS nanomaterials in water treatment and analyze the physical, chemical and microbiological properties of surface water taken from several sites in Egypt (temperature, pH, turbidity, ammonia, Phosphorous. aeruginosa, Vibrio, and Flavobacterium) and thus improve these values using the nanocomposite. Water examination were done by chemical and heavy metal examination by ICP-OES elemental analysis technique and bacteriological examination of water and fish samples by a molecular identification of isolated bacteria through PCR and sequencing. GO\CS nanocomposite have been prepared by mixing the aqueous solution of chitosan and graphene oxide in the present of diluted acetic acid and the characterization of nanomaterial achieved by using TEM. The water examination was conducted and the result shows that samples were contaminated with Cu, Cd, and Zn. Graphene oxide and Chitosan nanocomposite was successfully prepared and added to the water sample which contains Staph.spp., Pseudomonous spp. And Aeromonas spp. And the heavy metals. The composite showed a positive result in the elimination and removal of water contaminant.
Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Selected Personal Care Beauty Creams Purchased from Egyptian Local Markets
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Maher Azmy, Mira
Cosmetics are a major source of heavy metal releases. Various types of chemicals as ingredients, some of which are used as preservatives, are used in cosmetic products. The presence of harmful chemicals in these materials is a matter of concern. Cosmetic products include heavy metals among the harmful chemicals. This study has been carried out to assess the level of heavy metals in Egyptian products. Nineteen different brand products of beauty creams including oily skin creams, dry skin creams, Natural skin creams, whitening creams and ACNE creams were purchased from local Egyptian markets or misbrands of frequently used beauty creams. Samples have been analyzed to determine concentration of heavy metals; lead (Pb), mercury (Hg); cobalt (Ni), manganese (Mn) , copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), concentrations of heavy metals; lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cobalt (Ni), manganese (Mn) , copper (Cu), iron (Fe), chrome (Cr), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), tin (Sn) and other materials have been identified. Samples have been analyzed. Based on the mean concentrations, ACNE creams were found to be highly contaminated types with lead, mercury, Arsenic, Zinc and Nickel, while, whitening creams were found to be highly contaminated varieties with manganese, iron and tin. On the other hand, the highest concentration of copper was found in dry skin creams. The health risk exposure was evaluated for estimated weekly intake and the most of these elements are identified as potential impurities and known to be toxic. The results of the study show that the prolonged use of these products threat human health. Consequently, quality control is suggested to impose acceptable limits of contaminants in cosmetics.
Preparation of activated carbon from natural plant waste
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Abdel Aziz, Omar Hassan Ibrahim
Background: Waste elimination is the most important hazard that threatens human and animal health; these problems are growing every passing day. On this purpose, human beings have used the methods of waste treatment in order to help nature which is still artificial. Most of the waste treatment methods and systems used are very effective. Thus the scientists are working to develop new environment-friendly and low cost treatment systems to contribute in both environment and economy via the use of the wastes products and surplus resulting from the human activities (industry, agriculture, domestic, etc.). The abundant availability of agricultural wastes makes them good sources of raw precursors for preparation of low good activated carbons in the points of my view pomegranate processing industry would serve as a potential alternative precursor for the preparation of low activated carbons. Recently many scientists worldwide turned their interest to the preparation of adsorbent materials which were used for many applications of industrial wastewater treatment. Objective: the present study reveals that the preparation of activated carbon from pomegranate peel has been used as a low cost and eco-friendly bio adsorbent material. In view of these facts. The prepared activated carbon applied to removal of toxic organic pollutants of dyes from water. Methods: The activated carbon produced from pomegranate peel waste by chemical activation process with two type activating agents like zinc chloride, and phosphoric acid. A systematic investigation of the effect of impregnation ratio, activation temperature and activation time on the properties of the activated carbon for each activating agent was done. The optimum preparation conditions together with the effected of these conditions on the yield and efficiency of produced AC have been studied .The chemically activated carbons were characterized by measuring iodine and carbon yield percentage. To decide the superiority of a precursor over the other characterization of the precursor was done using various methods like: CHNS elemental analyzer, Proximate analysis and as well as the performance and absorbing capacity of the activated carbons produced in removing different dyes as organic pollutants in synthetic wastewaters. Results: Based on the results obtained, it appears that the properties of (PP) has rich in elemental carbon content (45-55%), low ash content (2.5%) , moisture (7.1%) and high volatile matter 10 (75%) all this data are a pointer that it will give a high quality activated carbon. activated carbon has been prepared by the chemical activation process two types of chemical activating agent (Zncl2) and (H3Po4) high BET surface areas1350 m2/g, total pore volumes 0.66 cm3/g, iodine number and 714 mg I2/g C high carbon yield 39.4 % by using H3PO4 than zncl2 at Final activation temperature = 600 °C, Activation time = 1 h and Impregnation to PP Ratio (5: 1 wt%) as compared.
Eco-Friendly Bio-Lubricant Production from Waste Vegetable Oil and Its Application in Power Plant
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Abd-Alla Gad Abd-Alla, Tasneem
Depletion of petroleum resources and environmental concern, has increased the demand for vegetable oil-based natural esters. In Egypt, it was reported that consumption of lubricants reached 760.025 barrels per day. “Eco-friendly” biodegradable waste vegetable oils can be used as an alternative for petroleum based lubricant that can be applied at power plant. Natural ester insulating (NEI) oils are promising substitutes for mineral insulating (MI) oils because these oils reduce aging of insulating papers in high-voltage oil-immersed power transformers. This work aimed to present the preparation of NEI oil by the esterification process of waste vegetable oil, in addition to comparing chemical, physical and electrical properties for the produced NEI from esterified waste cooking oil and MI oil.
Effect of Waste Tea Leaves and Waste Frying Oil on the Bioremediation of Petroleum Polluted Soil
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Alaa Reyad Shendy, Amira
Petroleum hydrocarbons when released in to soil cause serious effects on plants, animals and humans. Accumulation of PHCs, especially the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the tissues of living organisms causes mutation or death of the organism. For the protection of living organisms, these pollutants must be removed or detoxified from the environment. Bioremediation of the PHC polluted sites is promising strategy, it is cost effective and safe for the environment. In the present work a polluted sandy soil was bioremediated by using the effect of certain additives such as waste frying oil (WFO), waste tea leaves, NP fertilizer and combination of these materials; on the microbial counts of this soil and on the biodegradation of the oil. It must be noted that no previous research work was carried out using WFO and waste tea leaves (T) for enhancing the biodegradation of PHCs. The results obtained show that higher counts of THB were 18.08 × 107 and 17.21 × 107 CFU/gm soil in presence of WFO and waste tea leaves respectively. As for THB the higher counts were recorded in the presence of WFO and WFO + T although no significant variations were obtained. These results indicate that the main factor for increasing total counts of bacteria is presence of WFO and sometimes the presence of (T). As for the effects of the different treatments on the biodegradation (Loss %) of the pollutant, the results show that after 60 days of treatments, WFO +NP succeeded to remove the higher amount of oil (47.0%), followed by WFO alone, although statistically no significant variations between the results were observed. Again it can be seen that the main factor is the presence of WFO. The above results lead to the conclusion that the application of WFO and /or “T” may represent promising, cost - effective and safe strategy that can be used under emergency conditions. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at the beginning and at the end of 60 days treatments were identified and quantified by using HPLC analysis technique. The results show that this pollutant contained 13 PAH individuals of the 16 US EPA priority PAHs. The total of these PAHs are 129.7 mg/kg soil, with pyrene the dominant (92.3 mg/kg soil). Results of the biodegradation of total PAHs show that the higher loss (%) was 79.9% in presence of WFO alone, followed by 40.8% in the absence of any treatments. In presence of WFO alone of different PAH individuals were completely degraded (100%), of the 7PAHs 3 PAHs were known to be carcinogenic compounds. Mixing the WFO with T+NP resulted in the complete degradation of 5 PAH individuals, of which two only are
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of chitosan-coated anisotropic silver Nanoparticles on different bacterial strains
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Saeed Abdelmonem Elqiey, Ahmed
The present study explores the antibacterial activity of Chitosan NPs when it is coated with different concentrations of silver NPs. CS-AgNPs materials were synthesized by a simple chemical method. The synthesized CS–Ag Nanoparticles contains two different ratio of silver to be able to demonstrate the effect of different concentrations of silver on the antibacterial activity of the synthesized product. Silver Nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction method as well. The CS–Ag Nanoparticles was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) that was used to study the conformational changes in the functional groups of the polymers present in CS-AgNPs, in addition to Transmission electron microscope (TEM) for determining The morphology and size, also atomic force microscopy (AFM) to provide topographical chart for the synthesized product, as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD) to investigate The crystalline and phase structure of CS-AgNPs. FTIR spectroscopy has confirmed the presence of both silver and chitosan Nanoparticles as it was also observed. TEM results have revealed that CS-AgNPs has a well capped multi structures and well distribution of silver on the nanoparticle surface. AFM results have indicated that silver NPs is well dispersed and loaded into the chitosan sheet. XRD pattern of CS-AgNPs has shown an amorphous shape for the product that was conducted from the broadening of peaks. The results have clearly indicated the interaction between chitosan and metallic surface of silver NPs which has led to effective stabilization of silver NPs on the chitosan polymer. CS-AgNPs antibacterial activity was assessed by measuring the inhibition zone when it was tested against Bacillus subtitles, Bacillus lichniforms, E. coli, and Enterobacter ludwigii, and has showed highly potent antibacterial activity.
Evaluation of differences of sodium and potassium levels in umbilical cord blood plasma and fresh blood plasma in neonates
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Hassan Abd El-Fatah, Amr
Transition from fetal to neonatal existence is correlated with significant shifts in fluid and electrolyte rates owing to homeostatic regulation. This research was intended to examine sodium and potassium in plasma of neonate’s and in cord blood. 40 normal term neonates aged less than 37 weeks number of females were 21 however males 19 were included in the study also plasma sodium and potassium were analyzed in 18 samples of cord blood plasma then mean, standard deviation and P-value were evaluated also, independent t-test was performed for data by a 95% confidence-interval for mean variance. This approach was done by following, collection of umbilical cord blood, Auto Xpress Platform (AXP) automated system, flow cytometry procedure and kits, human umbilical cord plasma screening and storage, umbilical cord plasma preparation for evaluating sodium and potassium, fresh blood plasma extraction, Potassium and sodium evaluation, finally statistical analysis. This study showed very wide range of plasma sodium and potassium levels that seem to be abnormally high or low in cord blood and in healthy term neonate during first week of life but these are actually normal for that neonatal period depending upon gestational and post-natal age. The normal values of plasma sodium and potassium in neonates are different from other age groups and it varies with postnatal age and gestational age so same reference range of electrolytes should not be used in all neonates instead a reference range derived from large neonatal datasets of varied gestational and postnatal age should be used.
Factors Allecting Rhizosphere Colonization of Tomato Plant by Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Adel Shawky, Peter
Rhizosphere is defined as “the zone of soil immediately adjacent to legume roots that supports high levels of bacterial activity’’ The goal of this study was to enhance or improve the colonization of rhizosphere of tomato plants by plant growth promoting bacteria. PGPR has two main mechanisms to improve colonization of rhizosphere , first the direct mechanism that improve growth of plant and including the production of phytohormones and nitrogen fixation, and the indirect mechanism which decrease the harmful effects of the growth of pathogens by the production of antibiotics and synthesizing of the lytic enzymes. During this study, 12 bacterial strains were obtained from the rhizosphere of tomato. The greenhouse experiment indicated that the treatment with Ser, B63, E31 had shown good capacities for tomato root colonization. To improving the survival rate of tested bacterial isolates, micro- encapsulation techniques of rhizosphere microorganisms by sodium alginate and calcium chloride was conducted. The survival rate of bacteria in capsules was estimated during one month shelf life experiment. Both tested methods free bacterial cells as well as encapsulation technique are promising tools to be used as successful delivery methods of plant growth promoting bacteria
Anti-proliferative Activity of Silymarin-Encapsulated Polymeric Nanoparticles against Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (in vitro study)
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2020) Yousef, Mazin Hesham AboulFotouh Ismail
Background / Aim; Human liver cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer deaths. Scientists from various parts of the world are working on developing new therapies for the liver cancer. However, to this day, death levels from liver cancer have not shown any signs of decreasing or even leveling off. Commercial therapies like anticancer drugs, chemotherapies and radiotherapies are known to have limited efficacy and numerous side effects. Moreover, they are unaffordable by a huge sector of the population. Since there is a lack in other efficient methods of treatment, therefore, natural products attracted attention of the researchers due to their anti-cancerous and safety properties. Silymarin is a natural flavonoligan substance, characterized with anti-oxidative and chemo protective properties against many cancers. Polymeric Nanoparticles demonstrated wide applications as an efficient and safe drug carrier, enhancing therapeutic efficiency of anti-cancerous therapies and minimizing their adverse effects. Therefore, in the current research we proposed a novel approach that involves encapsulating silymarin into chitosan nanoparticle as an efficient and highly specific drug delivery system that can target human liver cancerous cells without affecting normal cells. Methods; Preparation of chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) and chitosan encapsulated with silymarin nanocomposite (SilCsNPs). Characterization of the materials included particle size analysis, morphology, zeta-potential and FTIR to ensure binding properties and nanocomposite formation. Encapsulation efficiency of SilCsNPs nanocomposite was studied. All prepared nanomaterials were screened for their cytotoxic effect on Huh7 as an in vitro model of human liver cancer and examined for morphological changes under phase contrast inverted microscope. Paclitaxel was used as standard anti-tumor control to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the tested nanomaterials.

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