Faculty Of Management Sciences Research Paper

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The Future of Development: A Radical Manifesto
(ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND, 01/02/2020) Helmy, Heba E.
In one of his unforgettable quotes, George Bernard Shaw said: “The worst sin towards our fellow creatures is not to hate them but to be indifferent to them: that’s the essence of humanity” (Shaw 1906). In this book, The Future of Development: A Radical Manifesto, the authors display a fervent concern to the agonies of the marginalized people in the South, or the developing world, who have suffered—rather than benefited—from decades-long concerted efforts for development by the North. The Future of Development: A Radical Manifesto by Gustavo Esteva, Salvatore Babones and Philipp Babcicky is a burst of anger, a rebellion against the status quo regarding the current development approach, and a meticulous diagnosis of illnesses that developing—and in many cases the developed—countries suffer from as a result of the current conceptualization and route of development that started post WWII. The authors end their book with a dream of a better world that could potentially result from an alternative path for development.
Critical reflection as a tool for change management: Professional and organisational development perspectives
(University of Greenwich, 01/06/2017) Adel, Heba Mohamed
Critical reflective practices in higher education can be used as a change-management tool for: (1) improving the teaching-learning process, (2) professionally developing teachers’ performance, (3) enhancing the quality of education in universities, and (4) adding value to the learning community as a whole. From a multidisciplinary perspective, integrating critical reflection models suggested in the educational research literature with other developed models in the change management field will create a comprehensive view of a well integrated educational value-chain in continuously improving educational institutions.
RISK MANAGEMENT AND DISCLOSURE AND THEIR IMPACT ON FIRM VALUE: THE CASE OF EGYPT.
(EBSCOhost, 03/01/2015) Hassan Abdel-Azim, Mohamed; Abdelmoniem, Zakia
This study investigates the impact of risk management and disclosure on firm value. The study aims at investigating three relationships; the first is the relationship between risk management and firm value. The second is the relationship between corporate voluntary disclosure and systematic (market/beta) risk. The third is the relationship between voluntary disclosure and firm value. The study population consists of non-financial companies listed on the Egyptian Stock Exchange (EGX) at the year-end of 2012. For testing the first relationship; the logistic model developed by Wang, Li, and, Z. (2010) is used, and Tobin's Q ratio is used for calculating firm value. The logistic model developed by Hassan, Gianluigi, and Power (2011) is followed in measuring the second relationship. The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) Model is used for calculating Beta for systematic market risk, and the voluntary disclosure is measured using the disclosure index technique including 26 financial and non-financial items. The third relationship is tested by modifying Rahmat and Hoffman (2011) model. The results indicate that a positive relationship exists between risk management and firm value, a negative relationship exists between voluntary disclosure and the market risk exposure, and a positive relationship exists between voluntary disclosure and firm value.
NEW POLICIES, MEASURES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF POLLUTING INDUSTRIES: A CASE STUDY OF THE EGYPTIAN INDUSTRIES
(04/02/2020) El-Ragehy, Eid; Salman, Doaa
The paper provides a new approach to estimating the damage resulting from industrial wastewater. The measurement method proposed can be applied for all industries to determine the damage resulting from wastewater and to compare it with the environmental load of each pollutant. These measures help identify the environmental responsibility of a particular firm for a specific period and a level of pollution. Furthermore, they are to determine clearly the main industries that are accountable for the highest environmental damage according to the water pollutant loads. During March 2019, the proposed approach was tested on Abu Qir industries that are located in Egypt. Results urge for applying the proposed measures to wastewater pollutions, as well as for updating the current legislation to stimulate a management system’s efficiency. Results showed that phenol accounts for the highest percentage in paper production, followed by OILY pollutant in fertilizer production, COD and BOD in paper production and TSS in fertilizer manufacturing. Determining accurately the environmental responsibility for damages accelerates the spread of the clean industries.
Refining Assessment Strategies to Cater to the needs of the Job Market
(MSA - Greenwich, 04/06/2017) Marsafy, Hala; Ali, Ghada
Teaching staff are always in search for the most effective and efficient assessment tools that will help them achieve module intended learning outcomes. The choice of assessment strategy is affected by the teaching philosophy of the teacher, and the learning theories that the teacher embraces.
Behaviourism, cognitivism and constructivism paradigm for teaching and learning
(University of Greenwich, 04/06/2017) Tawfik, Yasser; Samy Eldeeb, Mohamed; Elwy, Emad
Learning theories enable teachers to better understand the complexities and processes of learning. In this session we explore several theories, and show how they can make a significant impact on teaching in the classroom. We will also consider the use of learning technology and how theory can support its effective use.
Assessment Feedback closes the Constructive Alignment Loop
(University of Greenwich, 04/06/2017) Adel, Heba Mohamed; El-Sheikh, Samia; Zazzou, Zeinab
A common challenge in the teaching, learning and assessment process is to provide sufficient feedback to students, and create a positive constructive alignment with learning outcomes at the right point of assessment . For this reason, we take care to provide sufficient timely feedback to our students during and after each learning activity, and after each assessment task, to facilitate their understanding, show them respect enhance their engagement and motivate them to develop their potential. In doing these things we show how to meet the values of the UKPSF.
ICT, information sharing and a new hybrid lean-agile performance: Empirical evidence from automotive hierarchical supply chains
(Intellect Ltd, 06/01/2020) Adel, Heba Mohamed
The purpose of this study was to investigate the direct and indirect effects of information and communication technology (ICT) on a hybrid lean-agile supply chain performance (HSCP) in terms of leanness, agility and leagility of automotive supply chains (SCs) in Egypt. A conceptual framework was proposed and tested using questionnaires, which were filled through face-to-face interviews. A mixed-methods approach was used to achieve a comprehensive understanding of research relationships. The population was 101 international organizations in Egyptian automotive industry within its three sub-sectors (manufacturers of auto-feeding and automotive industries and distributors). Structural equation modelling was used to examine the proposed relationships. Results indicated that ICT positively/significantly affects both SC integration (SCI) and HSCP. SCI positively/significantly affects SC information sharing (SCIS). SCIS affects HSCP in terms of mass customization and postponement positively/significantly. The three sub-sectors are using a new blended SC strategy that hybridizes attributes of each approach according to the SC node’s position. This article adds value to the current debate on the applicability of implementing a blended lean-agile SC strategy by integrating two main lines of management research (leagility approach and hybridized lean-agile manufacturing systems) into one new hybrid approach. It is the first study that investigated empirically the direct/indirect ICT‐HSCP relationships of multiple nodes in a heterogeneous market. It maps the hierarchical auto SCs of an emerging market. It provides automotive SC players with practical insights on using ICT for better SCI and SCIS and choosing the appropriate aspects of leanness, agility and leagility based on the organization’s position across its SC.
Like father like son: the role of similar-education parents in their children’s university choice
(Routledge, 06/02/2022) Eldegwy, Ahmed; Elsharnouby, Tamer H; Kortam, Wael
This study draws attention to the role of similarly educated parents in their children’s university choice. We conceptualise, develop, and empirically test a model that links university choice with parents’ intention to recommend the university and university brand preference that stems from their own experiences during the university evaluation stage. Data from 339 parents of prospective university students were collected and analysed using structural equation modelling. The findings reveal that parents’ experience with university staff, perception of other parents, and quality of university facilities affect parents’ satisfaction. The results suggest that parents satisfied with a university are more likely to recommend that university to their children and prefer the university brand. These two constructs were found to influence university choice for those parents with non-similar education to a university programme. For parents with similar education to a university programme, only parents’ university brand preference influences university choice.
Disclosure tone, corporate governance and firm value: evidence from Egypt
(Taylor and Francis, 06/03/2021) El-Deeb, Mohamed S; Halim, Yasser T; Elbayoumi, Ahmed F
This study examines the extent to which corporate governance (CG) affects disclosure tone (DT) and assesses the impact of DT on firm value (FV). It also tests the effect of CG on FV using DT as an intermediary variable. Content analysis is used to measure DT level. CEO duality, board size, gender diversity, and board independence are used as proxies for CG. Tobin’s Q is used to measure FV. The empirical analysis shows significant positive impact of CG on DT and FV. We also find a highly significant association between disclosure of good/bad news with leverage, audit quality, firm growth, and abnormal accruals. The results also indicate that DT along with the profitability of the firm (ROA) and Abnormal Accruals are significantly associated with FV. Finally, the results of the structure equation modeling show that gender diversity, ROA, leverage, revenue growth, and abnormal accruals are the most influential variables that run from CG and DT into FV. The novelty of this study stems from its empirical analysis that tests the association between CG, DT from one side and DT and FV from the other side, and then measures the impact of CG on FV using DT as an intermediary variable
Public management institutions’ alignment: the case of Egypt
(.emerald insight, 06/05/2019) Mohamed Abdellatif, Lobna; Mohamed Atlam, Baher; Abdel Moneim El Sayed Emara, Ola
Purpose – This paper aims to show the aligned development that took place in public administration and public financial management toward serving public values. By analyzing the mode of institutions’ interaction, the paper attempts to pinpoint the changing trends in budget institutions in Egypt, probing the extent to which they can be read from an administrative perspective and the possibility of enhancing budgetary outcomes under the existing administrative arrangements. Design/methodology/approach – An analytical framework for public management administrative and budgetary institutions’ alignment is presented. A ladder analysis is developed to highlight the consistency of rationale between the two sets of institutions. The alignment is demonstrated at three consecutive levels: control and discipline, efficiency and effectiveness and openness and communication. Findings – The international experience reveals that the alignment of administrative and budgetary institutions is both theoretically traceable and practically applicable in the case of developed economies. Whereas, in the case of Egypt, both sets of institutions have been exposed to best practices; yet, they are not seen as complementary and enforcing each other. The internalization of the benefits of reforms in the two tracks into an integrated public management context in the case of Egypt is not reached. Practical implications – Egypt needs to ensure the alignment of both dimensions to maximize the benefits of reform. Originality/value – The ladder approach sorts the developments in both administrative and budgetary institutions into three levels to help assessing the maturity and conformity in countries’ public management systems
Public management institutions’ alignment: the case of Egypt
(Emerald Publishing Limited, 06/05/2019) Mohamed Abdellatif, Lobna; Mohamed Atlam, Baher; Abdel Moneim El Sayed Emara, Ola
Purpose This paper aims to show the aligned development that took place in public administration and public financial management toward serving public values. By analyzing the mode of institutions’ interaction, the paper attempts to pinpoint the changing trends in budget institutions in Egypt, probing the extent to which they can be read from an administrative perspective and the possibility of enhancing budgetary outcomes under the existing administrative arrangements. Design/methodology/approach An analytical framework for public management administrative and budgetary institutions’ alignment is presented. A ladder analysis is developed to highlight the consistency of rationale between the two sets of institutions. The alignment is demonstrated at three consecutive levels: control and discipline, efficiency and effectiveness and openness and communication. Findings The international experience reveals that the alignment of administrative and budgetary institutions is both theoretically traceable and practically applicable in the case of developed economies. Whereas, in the case of Egypt, both sets of institutions have been exposed to best practices; yet, they are not seen as complementary and enforcing each other. The internalization of the benefits of reforms in the two tracks into an integrated public management context in the case of Egypt is not reached. Practical implications Egypt needs to ensure the alignment of both dimensions to maximize the benefits of reform. Originality/value The ladder approach sorts the developments in both administrative and budgetary institutions into three levels to help assessing the maturity and conformity in countries’ public management systems.
Using co-creating mass-customisation and innovation climate for enhanced value: Empirical investigation in international modular jewellery market
(.emerald insight, 06/11/2019) Adel, Heba Mohamed; Abulsaoud Ahmed Younis, Raghda
Purpose – This paper aims to study the impact of innovation climate (IC) on co-creating modular mass- customisation (CMMC) in terms of cost effectiveness, volume effectiveness, responsiveness, product modularity and collaborative assembly. Additionally, this research paper investigates the effect of IC and CMMC on the value to customer (VC) in a modular jewellery emerging market that includes international companies. Design/methodology/approach – After conducting a comprehensive literature review, the authors suggested a conceptual framework and examined it using mixed methods approach. In addition to qualitative focus groups, questionnaires were filled – across five-point Likert scale format – through 63 depth interviews carried out with subject-matter-experts working at 14 international organisations in the Egyptian modular jewellery market. SmartPLS software was used for structural equation modelling analysis. Findings – Results showed that CMMC positively and significantly affects VC. Furthermore, IC positively and significantly affects both CMMC and VC. Practical implications – Recent industrial developments that can be observed in such international modular jewellery sector can be enhanced by the empirical evidence of this research regarding the importance of developing IC for more creative manufacturing approach of modular mass-customisation and better VC. Originality/value – To the best of our knowledge, it is the first empirical study that investigates the relationship between CMMC, IC and VC in a unique jewellery market, which recently generated high customer involvement in the assembly/reassembly processes. Conceptually and empirically, it consolidates and adds to the literature of production and operations management (mass-customisation), organisational studies and innovation science (organisational climate for innovation) and applied social sciences.
A Proposed Approach to Secure Automated Teller Machine-Based Financial Transactions
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 07/12/2021) Hussein, Omar
This paper presents a proposed anti-spoofing third-factor authentication approach for Automated Teller Machines (ATMs). It is called Keypad Typing Rhythm Identifier (KTRID). The objective of this novel user-transparent transactions from spoofing attacks via identity theft. The main motivation to conduct this research is that in 2020 ATMs were the top compromised asset that was successfully attacked. ATM keypad typing rhythm refers to a user's unique keys hits practice that is difficult to mimic by spoofers. KTRID complements the authentication procedure currently used in ATMs in order to hinder spoofing attacks. It is based on exploiting users' unique typing rhythm behavior on the ATMs keypads. It boosts identity affirmation by exploiting the timing variances of keys hits to distinguish a legitimate bank customer from a spoofer. KTRID detects anomalies in the legitimate keypad typing rhythm outlier status of a smart card user. Such that, in case a smart card is stolen or lost, and the accompanying Personal Identification Number (PIN) is exposed or guessed, still the spoofer will not be able to carry out a successful ATM-based financial transaction. Through KTRID, the impersonator will be impinged by the unique typing rhythm behavior of the legitimate bank customer on the ATM keypad. The security evaluation demonstrated that through detecting outliers in a keypad typing rhythm, KTRID effectively prevented spoofing attacks. KTRID is a vital authentication approach, essentially for bank customers who cannot keep control of their smart cards and/or accompanying 4-digit PINs. To the best of the author's knowledge, this paper presents the first proposed approach to employ the typing rhythm behavioral-based biometrics for the purpose of securing ATM-based financial transactions. © 2021 IEEE
The pillars determining financial inclusion among SMEs in Egypt: service awareness, access and usage metrics and macroeconomic policies
(Springer Link, 08/04/2021)
Over the past decade, financial inclusion has been a trending topic and key priority in developing countries seeking to build a resilient financial sector and pursuing economic growth. Most of the recently launched financial inclusion initiatives in Egypt, especially those aligned with the 2030 sustainability strategy, have targeted marginalized and excluded individuals. Only a few have addressed the financial inclusion of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Accordingly, this paper aims to identify the main pillars of financial inclusion for SMEs. In keeping up with the mainstream literature, it introduces a number of financial inclusion determinants designed to attract SMEs. They include supply-side determinants such as access to financial services and marketing awareness campaigns, which act as tools to segment financial services and market their benefits to SMEs, and demand-side determinants, which involve the use of financial services. Finally, there is an assessment of the macroeconomic risks to investors and SMEs. The researchers’ methodology was based on first deriving a novel dataset from responses to a questionnaire addressing bankers who manage SME portfolios, second analyzing the dataset through descriptive and inferential statistics and third undertaking a twofold econometric estimation. The econometric estimations started with principal component analysis (PCA) and proceeded to a logistic regression to determine the significant variables pertinent to increasing the financial inclusion of SMEs. The PCA suggested three main pillars determining financial inclusion. They are integrated marketing tools, which increase SMEs’ awareness of and access to the most sophisticated banking services, usage of banking services, and assessment of the macroeconomic risks that would prevent SMEs from gaining access to financial services. As well, the interaction term between the variables derived from the three pillars accounts for a variability of 86.6% in the level of financial inclusion of Egypt’s SMEs.
Corporate Cash Holdings and National Culture: Evidence from the Middle East and North Africa Region
(MDPI, 08/10/2021) El-Halaby, Sherif; Abdelrasheed, Hosam; Hussainey, Khaled
This paper investigates to what extent cultural dimensions, based on Hofstede’s model, can clarify differences in cash holding levels. The sample includes 395 banks across 19 countries in the Middle East and North Africa region over a period of 16 years (1999–2014). The findings indicate that when uncertainty avoidance and masculinity decrease, cash holdings increase, whereas when power distance, long-term orientation, and individualism increase, the cash holdings increase correspondingly. Based on robustness analysis, the results remain unaffected even after controlling corporate and macroeconomic characteristics related to inflation, corruption, and the exchange rate system. Further analysis shows insignificant differences between Islamic and non-Islamic banks regarding the influence of culture over cash holdings. This study contributes to the literature regarding the impact of culture on corporate cash holdings based on a unique and different context, through examining this relationship in financial institutions located in the Middle East and North Africa region.
Board Characteristics Effect on Cost Stickiness Using Earnings Management as a Mediating Variable “Evidence from Egypt”
(Alexandria University, 08/12/2021) Abdel Megeid, Nevine Sobhy; El- Deeb, Mohamed Samy
Purpose: This research demonstrates the impact of board characteristics on the cost stickiness of companies in various Egyptian industries, and how the earnings management perspective will increase the cost stickiness through managerial decisions that are mainly directed to reflect a better estimate for their firm' performance and earnings by adjusting resources costs. Design/methodology/approach: The ordinary least squares (OLS) used to in- vestigate the behavior of selling, general and administrative cost, and the influence of board characteristics (corporate governance mechanisms: board size, board independence, and CEO duality) to reduce cost sticki- ness using earnings management as an intermediary variable and firm size and financial performance as control variables in a sample of 41 Egyptian active publicly traded companies. Data is obtained from the financial statements published between 2015-2019 and the multiple linear regres- sion equations utilized to analyze the data; the board characteristics varia- bles are identified from the section of governance in the annual reports.Findings: Findings indicate that corporate governance has a control ability over the board of directors, which in turn has an inverse effect on cost stickiness which tends to increase if management is willing to disclose optimistic earnings forecast about firm’ future performance. The board independ- ence, large board size, and the absence of CEO duality have a positive im- pact on the efficient monitoring and reduction of earnings management. The statistical results showed that effective corporate governance can re- duce cost stickiness, as well as its strong effect on mitigating earnings man- agement. Research limitations/implications: The main limitation of the research is that it covers only five years of annual financial reports in testing the hypothe- ses. In addition, the authors used only four proxies for the board character- istics (corporate governance mechanisms: board size, board independence, and CEO duality). Originality: The research's main contribution is to be among the few papers that test the cost stickiness in Egypt as an emerging economy concerning the board characteristics through taking into consideration the earnings management effect as a mediating variable.
Evaluating the Impact of QIZ Protocol on Egypt’s Textile and Clothing Sector
(Services for Science and Education, United Kingdom, 09/01/2020) ElGhouty, Amal
Since the enforcement of the Qualified Industrial Zones (QIZ) protocol signed by Egypt in December 2004, the number of QIZ companies have steadily increased, reaching 1048 companies in 2019. Additionally, the QIZ textile and clothing exports have increased, as well as its percentage from Egypt’s total exports to the USA. The paper seeks to study and explore the conditions and circumstances that induced Egypt to sign the QIZ agreement. The paper will then review several previous studies on the impact of the agreement on the Egyptian textile and clothing sector. We will also review the trend of the number of QIZ companies. Additionally, in order to assess whether the QIZ protocol have a positive impact on the textile and apparel sector, we will evaluate the trends in the Egyptian textile and apparel exports to the USA and what percentage does these exports constitute from Egypt’s total exports.
Abnormal disclosure tone, earnings management and earnings quality
(Emerald, 09/08/2021) Abou-El-Sood, Heba; El-Sayed, Dalia
Purpose – The authors investigate whether abnormal tone in corporate narrative disclosures is associated with earnings management and earnings quality, in an emerging market context. Based on agency theory and opportunistic/impression management perspective, this study examines whether executives manage disclosure tone to support their opportunistic behavior, when using earnings management. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses a sample of earnings press releases of publicly traded firms in the MENA region during 2014–2019. It employs textual analysis to measure disclosure tone. The authors estimate abnormal disclosure tone after controlling for firm characteristics. Discretionary accruals proxy for earnings management and are estimated using Modified Jones model. Earnings quality is measured using accounting-based and market-based proxies: earnings smoothness, persistence, predictability and value relevance/informativeness. Findings – Results show a positive association between abnormal disclosure tone and earnings management. Additionally, results show that earnings persistence is higher for firms with lower levels of abnormal disclosure tone. Results are sustained for earnings smoothness, but not for predictability and value relevance/ informativeness. Research limitations/implications – Results provide initial evidence of management’s use of tone management jointly with earnings management. This adds to prior studies adopting the opportunistic perspective of disclosure tone, through showing that discretionary tone in narrative disclosures can be strategically used by management to influence investors’ perceptions. Practical implications – The results provide valuable insight to board of directors, auditors and market participants on the possible biases emerging from tone of narrative disclosures in corporate reports. For regulators and standard-setters, results shed light on the need for regulations and rules beyond financial statements, to guide disclosure of narrative information in different corporate reports. Originality/value – This study contributes to the rare evidence that investigates textual disclosure characteristics to uncover management’s opportunistic practices and assess earnings quality. Where majority of studies concentrate on developed markets, this study provides novel evidence of emerging markets by examining the association between abnormal disclosure tone and earnings management/ earnings quality. Also, it validates the tone management model proposed by Huang et al. (2014) for capturing tone manipulation.
How Engaged Customers Can Help the Brand: An Empirical Case Study on a Higher Education Institution (University) in Egypt
(Canadian Center of Science and Education, 1/24/2019) Adly Hanna El Sheikh, Samia
The purpose of this paper is to investigate through an empirical research the relationship between Customer Engagement Behavior (CEB) and some of its alleged outcomes that include Benevolence/Trust, affective commitment and future patronage in a service sector which is Higher Education. Thus, this research investigates customer engagement constructs of conscious attention and emotional participation that lead to various favorable behaviors by the customer, which in turn leads to favorable outcomes of benevolence, affective commitment and future patronage. The researcher starts by a survey of literature which handles various aspects of CEB which include: possible types of these behaviors, factors affecting CEB, outcomes of CEB and CEB as compared to other marketing concepts. Next, the researcher proposes a model where engaged students (CE) will undertake favorable behaviors (CEB) which in turn will lead to favorable outcomes of Benevolence/trust, future patronage/repurchase intention and affective commitment. The researcher tests the model using Partial Least Squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and empirical data from a survey (self-administered questionnaire) that was distributed among 5 faculties of one private university in Egypt based on a case study approach. The results show that we accept the hypotheses of the model of the model yet the researcher suggests application on other universities to further test the model. Moreover, the researcher invites further research of other favorable outcomes of CEB as loyalty to be considered. The researcher also suggests an investigation of unfavorable CEB as bad word of mouth (WoM) and harmful blogging or unfavorable reviews.

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