Faculty Of Management Sciences Research Paper

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Abnormal disclosure tone, earnings management and earnings quality
(Emerald, 09/08/2021) Abou-El-Sood, Heba; El-Sayed, Dalia
Purpose – The authors investigate whether abnormal tone in corporate narrative disclosures is associated with earnings management and earnings quality, in an emerging market context. Based on agency theory and opportunistic/impression management perspective, this study examines whether executives manage disclosure tone to support their opportunistic behavior, when using earnings management. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses a sample of earnings press releases of publicly traded firms in the MENA region during 2014–2019. It employs textual analysis to measure disclosure tone. The authors estimate abnormal disclosure tone after controlling for firm characteristics. Discretionary accruals proxy for earnings management and are estimated using Modified Jones model. Earnings quality is measured using accounting-based and market-based proxies: earnings smoothness, persistence, predictability and value relevance/informativeness. Findings – Results show a positive association between abnormal disclosure tone and earnings management. Additionally, results show that earnings persistence is higher for firms with lower levels of abnormal disclosure tone. Results are sustained for earnings smoothness, but not for predictability and value relevance/ informativeness. Research limitations/implications – Results provide initial evidence of management’s use of tone management jointly with earnings management. This adds to prior studies adopting the opportunistic perspective of disclosure tone, through showing that discretionary tone in narrative disclosures can be strategically used by management to influence investors’ perceptions. Practical implications – The results provide valuable insight to board of directors, auditors and market participants on the possible biases emerging from tone of narrative disclosures in corporate reports. For regulators and standard-setters, results shed light on the need for regulations and rules beyond financial statements, to guide disclosure of narrative information in different corporate reports. Originality/value – This study contributes to the rare evidence that investigates textual disclosure characteristics to uncover management’s opportunistic practices and assess earnings quality. Where majority of studies concentrate on developed markets, this study provides novel evidence of emerging markets by examining the association between abnormal disclosure tone and earnings management/ earnings quality. Also, it validates the tone management model proposed by Huang et al. (2014) for capturing tone manipulation.
ACTIVITY BASED COSTING (ABC) AS AN APPROACH TO OPTIMIZE PURCHASING PERFORMANCE IN HOSPITALITY
(DergiPark, 12/01/2011) El-Deeb, Mohamed S.; Tawfik, Yasser; Bassim, Mohga; Elwy, Emad
ABC (Activity Based Costing) system has proved success in both products and services. The researchers propose using a new model through the application of ABC approach that can be implemented in purchasing department as one of the most dynamic departments in service sector to optimize purchasing activities performance. The researchers propose purchasing measures, targeting customers’ loyalty ensuring the continuous flow of supplies. The researchers used the questionnaire as a tool of data collection method for verifying the hypothesis of the research. Data obtained was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results of the research based on limited survey that have been distributed to number of hotels in Great Cairo region. Our research was targeting three hundred purchasing manager and staff through five star hotels. It is recognized that further research is necessary to establish the exact nature of the causal linkages between proposed performance measures and strategic intent in order to gain insights into practice elsewhere.
The Adoption of AAOIFI Standards by Islamic Banks: Understanding the Microeconomic Consequences
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-01) Elhalaby, Sherif; Sarea, Adel; Alnesafi, Awwad; Al-Absy, Mujeeb Saif Mohsen
This study seeks to measure the microeconomic consequences of the adoption of the Accounting and Auditing Organisation for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) standards on the conservatism, financial performance (FP), and earnings management (EM) of Islamic banks (IBs). The study draws on data from 122 IBs across 22 countries over a period of eight years (2014–2021), using the generalised method of moments (GMM). The results indicate a positive impact of AAOIFI adoption on financial performance and conservatism compared to non-adopters. Our results further show that IBs that adopt AAOIFI are less involved in EM. After applying robustness checks (corporate governance, inflation, and mandatory adoption of AAOIFI in some countries), our results remain the same. The implications of the study are potentially valuable for those setting accounting standards (such as AAOIFI and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB)), central banks, financial market regulators, investors, governments, and any adopting or non-adopting Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) through identification of the effects of AAOIFI adoption.
An alarm for the potential 2020 recession and itsâ€™ impacts on the developing countries: Evidence from Egypt
(Bussecon International, 2019) Salman, Doaa
An alarm for the potential 2020 recession and itsâ€™ impacts on the developing countries: Evidence from Egypt المؤلفون Doaa M Salman Abdou تاريخ النشر 2019 مجلة Bussecon Review of Finance & Banking (2687-2501) المجلد 1 الإصدار 2 الصفحات 33-37 الناشر Bussecon International الوصف This article review provides an insight into the main signals that will be responsible for the coming recession that will start from developed countries and will reflect negatively on developing countries that witness a decreasing level of development. The paper starts with the main seven signals that will initiate the recession. The second section will provide an analysis of the applied procedures and the economic reform that the government adopted to attract investment to overcome the previous and the coming challenges. Finally, the paper provides future expectations and paths for developing countries to overcome the recession.
Analyzing Momentum-Based and Moving Average-Based Portfolio Strategies: A Case Study of the Egyptian Stock Market
(Ain shams University, 2024-07) Nabil, Mohamed; El Saiid, Mohamed; Abdou, Doaa Salman; Saleh, Ashraf
This study introduces two competing portfolio-styled trading/investment strategies (“A” & “B”), based on a combination of well-accredited & researched Technical Analysis (TA) techniques and approaches, namely Relative Performance (RP), Momentum (Rate of Change) and Moving Averages (MA). This research aims at measuring the outcome performance of the on-portfolio security selection in the Egyptian stock market, to assess the likelihood of TA portfolio-styled trading/investment strategies to achieve superior results to the Buy & Hold (B&H) strategy in the Egyptian stock market. The research offers indepth analysis & assessments of the performance and results of the two strategies using both, relevant and validated measurements of portfolio performance. Ultimately, the research aims at producing validated and academic research on TA-based strategies that are designed to aid individual and institutional investors in their short-term investment decisions, while reducing their exposure to specific or unsystematic risk through diversification and portfolio security selection. The findings were able to render conclusive evidence to the advantage of the portfolio-styled trading/investing strategies, favoring strategy “A” over “B”, over the passive “Buy & Hold” strategy as represented by the EGX30 market benchmark Index.
Application on Game Theory: Cement Industry in Egypt - Arabian Cement Company
(open science, 7/25/2018) Salman, Doaa; Sherif El Adaway, Nadeen
This research paper explores the cement industry in Egypt by overlooking the history of the industry and taking the Arabian cement company as an example. The cement industry in Egypt is performing price discrimination as a result of the high market power that the firms have. To understand more about price discrimination and game theory, a literature review has been made in the paper about is price discrimination, the types of price discrimination, game theory, strategies of game theory and relation between price discrimination and game theory. Last but not least, a case study about the industry in Egypt is made during the period of 2013-2017, and it was concluded that the cement market in Egypt is an oligopoly and third degree price discrimination is done by competitors in the market and game theory strategies are applied.
Application on Game Theory: Cement Industry in Egypt-Arabian Cement Company
(openscience, 2018-09) Sherif El Adawy, Nadeen; Mohamed, Doaa; Salman Abdou, Doaa M
top Share Download full-text PDF Application on Game Theory: Cement Industry in Egypt-Arabian Cement Company Article (PDF Available) in International Journal of Business, Economics and Management 6(3):49-56 · September 2018 with 782 Reads Cite this publication Doaa Mohamed Nadeen Sherif El Adawy Modern Sciences and Arts University Doaa M. Salman Abdou 14.62Modern Sciences and Arts University Abstract This research paper explores the cement industry in Egypt by overlooking the history of the industry and taking the Arabian cement company as an example. The cement industry in Egypt is performing price discrimination as a result of the high market power that the firms have. To understand more about price discrimination and game theory, a literature review has been made in the paper about is price discrimination, the types of price discrimination, game theory, strategies of game theory and relation between price discrimination and game theory. Last but not least, a case study about the industry in Egypt is made during the period of 2013-2017, and it was concluded that the cement market in Egypt is an oligopoly and third degree price discrimination is done by competitors in the market and game theory strategies are applied.
Applying Quantum Physics Principles in Contemporary Organizations
(Hyperion International Journal of Econophysics and New Economy, 2016) Kahil, M.; Zaazou, Zeinab
In spite of the 18th century age of reason, people can still be very irrational thinkers. A new trend in psychology, though, is using quantum physics to explain our paradoxical thinking. This approach may even work better than classical approaches at explaining how people make decisions when faced with uncertainty and conflict. Accordingly, it is worth mentioning a new scheme of study different from the traditional classical probability theory which is often labeled “irrational”. From this perspective, implementing quantum theory and its application on psychology to examine with how people really behave and how do they make decisions in life and work place. The quantum approach is explaining why people might make choices that may seem contradicting and why do they sometimes take decisions they know are against their own best interests. If you try to understand human behavior in quantum levels, you start to have a better grasp of how human decision-making works. The study is ‘importing’a framework of relative maximum entropy to obtain a skeleton or a template which can function in a variety of unconnected disciplines. This paper introduces a glimpse of applying some of the central insights and ideas of quantum physics to improve and enhance the quality of thinking and learning in strategic planning processes. It also proves through using the quantum physics that the sure-thing principle of Savage (1954) could be violated. Application of quantum concepts in international organizations is presented in this paper, too.
An approach to quantifying social justice in selected developing countries
(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd., 2013) Helmy H.E.; Department of Economics; Faculty of Management Sciences; Modern Sciences and Arts University (MSA); 6th of October City; Egypt
Purpose The objective of this paper is to prove that any attempt to implement social justice in its present undefined form is unattainable, and to successfully achieve social justice, the term should be quantified by an appropriate index; accordingly, the first objective of this paper is to make an attempt to construct an appropriate social justice index. The second objective is to quantify this index for a number of developing countries so that a government with low value of social justice index can make policy for achieving an appropriate level of social justice. Design/methodology/approach � The paper constructs a new composite index for social justice for 40 mostly developing countries by selecting six subindicators, each of which represents one aspect or dimension of social justice. The values of the subindicators are then normalized and the final composite index is formed from the weighted average of the subindicators. Findings � The study quantified the levels of social justice in developing countries through a new social justice index and compared the ranking of some developing countries using the new index. The index also helped in identifying areas of social justice that need improvement and hence can improve the developing countries' scores in the social justice index. Originality/value � The paper is valuable to policy makers in developing countries especially the Arab Spring countries in their pursuit for achieving social justice. Quantifying social justice clarifies exactly where such countries stand and the dimensions of social justice that need urgent action to improve their performance and thus their index scores. 2013, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Arab Spring future challenges: evidence from Egypt
(Emerald Insight, 2018) Salman Abdou, Doaa; Zaazou, Zeinab
Purpose – This paper aims to shed light on the Egyptian socio-economic and political conditions seven years post the 2011 revolution. Design/methodology/approach – The authors depended on secondary data and information gathered from scholars and from domestic and international institutions as well. Additionally, the authors distributed 390 Likert-scale questionnaires among respondents to test their perceptions regarding the safety, social, political and economic conditions in Egypt seven years post the 2011 revolution. Findings – The research findings confirmed that there was an agreement among participants that the safety conditions in Egypt improved during the past seven years post the 2011 revolution, and there was a general agreement among participants that the political conditions in Egypt became more stable lately. The economic and social cost presents a challenging status to the current decision maker. Practical implications – Finally, authors came up with recommendations aiming to find solutions for certain economic and political problematic issues. The main research limitation is that the representative sample was confined only to the two main governorates in Egypt: Cairo and Giza. Originality/value – Finally, the study is of a value, as it could be considered a road map to policy makers. Moreover, the findings provide a set of policies for governments to undertake tenable actions to accelerate development and economic growth.
Are Rural Egyptians Better Off? Trends in Inequality and Real Consumption Expenditure in Rural Egypt
(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2019) Helmy H.E.; Department of Economics; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA); 6th of October City; Egypt
This article uses three selected national household surveys conducted in Egypt in 1981/1982, 2004/2005, and 2015 to assess the evolution of rural consumption inequality and trends in real rural consumption expenditure at the beginning year of Mubaraks era, his end years, and the post-Mubarak era, respectively. After evaluating inequality using inequality measures, we construct two consumer price indices (CPIs), a general and a food CPI, for rural Egypt for the period 1981 till 2015 to evaluate rural real consumption. The article concludes that rural consumption inequality had slightly fallen from the beginning of the Mubarak era toward its end, but slightly rose again in the post-Mubarak era. Despite the changes, estimates of rural inequality were moderate. Nevertheless, such moderate levels of inequality are expected to be higher if the new rural areas in reclaimed desert lands are accounted for separately in national surveys. The article also concludes that according to our CPI, real rural consumption expenditure had fallen in most expenditure brackets throughout the whole period, with the exception of some small-sized brackets at the very top and very bottom ends of the consumption expenditure distribution. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA, and 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ.
Artificial intelligence strategy, creativity-oriented HRM and knowledge-sharing quality: Empirical analysis of individual and organisational performance of AI-powered businesses
(The British Academy of Management, 2020) Younis, Raghda Abulsaoud Ahmed; Adel, Heba Mohamed
Purpose – To investigate the relationship between artificial intelligence strategy (AIS), creativity-oriented HRM (CHRM), and knowledge-sharing quality (KSQ). At individual and organisational levels, this paper measures also the innovative work behaviour (IIWB) and effective performance (OEP) of international organisations conducting AI-powered business practices in Egypt. Design/methodology/approach – The authors presented a multilevel-model, after reviewing the relevant literature, and tested it through employing mixed-methods approach. Data were collected from 168 questionnaires answered by AI-experts at IT departments of 20 international AI-powered organisations in Egypt in addition to 25 depth interviews, AI-based focus group and international forum. Findings – Following PLS-SEM approach, results revealed that AIS affects positively and significantly KSQ and CHRM. CHRM affects positively and significantly KSQ and IIWB. KSQ affects positively and significantly OEP and IIWB. The significant positive direct AIS-OEP relationship was not supported yet the significant positive indirect relationship via KSQ was supported. Originality/value – Empirically, it is the first research that assessed AIS-CHRM-KSQ relationship and its effect on IIWB and OEP of AI-powered businesses from 7 sectors of an emerging economy. Conceptually, the authors adopted an interdisciplinary approach while reflecting on the literature that studied AIS implementation in different business functions (production, operations and supply-chain management, human resources management, strategic management and marketing). Practical implications – Strategic leaders and managers of different functional areas can benefit from the empirical findings of this study as well as from the examples of best AI-enhanced practices drawn from the literature.
Artificial Neural Network for Modeling the Economic Performance: A New Perspective
(Springer, 2022-05) Mohamed, Ahmed Ramzy
This paper discusses a new representation for the efciency frontier method through a proposed algorithm for augmented feed forward back propagation neural network models, in order to estimate the economic performance, and the efectiveness of macroeconomic policies in Egyptian economy, by using a quarter time series data from 1990Q1 to 2019Q2. In this study I developed artifcial neural network mod- els—ANN—corresponding with the conditions of the Egyptian economy, by build- ing an optimal efciency frontier and then comparing the actual performance of the Egyptian economy with that limit, which includes the lowest possible variations for both infation and output. As for the new contribution of this study, it is designated to calculate the optimal infation rate and the optimal output level in the Egyptian economy through a model, which combines the higher predictive power of feed for- ward neural network models and the high explanatory power of a stationary or ran- dom walk stochastic models, in order to obtain the ftted values of the optimal out- put level, in addition to the optimal infation rate. It is clear from the results of the study, the extent of the essential congruence between the actual Egyptian economic performance during the study period and the economic performance index that was built via the new contribution of this study.
Assessment Feedback closes the Constructive Alignment Loop
(University of Greenwich, 04/06/2017) Adel, Heba Mohamed; El-Sheikh, Samia; Zazzou, Zeinab
A common challenge in the teaching, learning and assessment process is to provide sufficient feedback to students, and create a positive constructive alignment with learning outcomes at the right point of assessment . For this reason, we take care to provide sufficient timely feedback to our students during and after each learning activity, and after each assessment task, to facilitate their understanding, show them respect enhance their engagement and motivate them to develop their potential. In doing these things we show how to meet the values of the UKPSF.
AN ASSESSMENT TO THE COVID-19 IMPACT ON THE CURRENT PRODUCTION GLUT IN THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR: EGYPTIAN CASE
(2021-06) Abdou, Doaa M Salman; Kamal, Mohab; El Basyoni, Omnia
The real estate and construction sector is a lucrative activity to attract investment on both the internationally and national level. The secret behind continuous investment refer to the other tradable sector which still not competitive and the return of investment is still provide marginal benefit. A status quo accelerates the currency devaluation – especially in countries that are facing trade deficit - the devaluation of the currency has been a common phenomenon during the past sixty years and the real estate present an attractive pool to keep the value of human wealth. In countries that are characterized by increasing the population growth rate consequently the demand for housing pushes the government towards developing new cities and a new capital to absorb the demand. In Egypt the governments built new governorates to absorb the notable increase in the number of population from the centre of the delta to new sites. This strategy helps in, creating new jobs, in order to be able to fulfil the increase in population thus decreasing the crowding effect and minimize wasting resources and opening new opportunities. This paper attempts to analyse the demand and supply side key drivers for steel and cement industry. It investigates how these industries will sustain despite the oversupply status. The current situation presents a future challenge and the paper argue is this sector is going to face market failure. Furthermore, the paper highlight the possible opportunities under the current challenges and assessing the role of the government’s regulations and policies after the recent economic reform and provide possible solutions to keep these industries sustainable.
An assessment to the oligopoly cement industry in Egypt: is it a curse or a blessing?
(Inderscience Enterprises Ltd., 2017) Salman, Doaa
The purpose of this case study is to investigate the Egyptian cement industry’s role in growth and development. Cement plays a crucial role in meeting societies’ demand for real estate and construction materials. In many emerging countries and especially those characterised by an increasing rate of population, consumption of cement will continue. This present case study aims to estimate the pollution load for the cement industry in Egypt using an industrial pollution projection system (IPPS). This estimation will provide an assessment of the effects of industrial pollution in Egypt, and to analyse the market’s driving forces and to guide the government with information to priorities its objectives with regard to the competing demands of pollution, growth and development.
Attitude of Muslim Consumers Toward Sex Appeal in Advertising: A Comparative Study Between Subcultures in Malaysia
(Routledge, 2014) Rageh Ismail, Ahmed; Melewar, TC
This research was designed in order to explore the subculture differences in Malaysian consumers’ responses to sex appeal advertising. This study employs a 2 × 2 × 2 full factorial between subjects design. There are two levels of model gender (male/female), two levels of sex appeal (high/low), and two levels of religion of the subjects (Muslim/non-Muslim). When comparing Muslims and non-Muslims in the responses to the ads, it was generally found that Muslim subjects’ attitudes were significantly lower than non-Muslims attitudes toward the same ads. Future research should adopt a more representative sample and test different product categories.
Authentic Leadership and Psychological Capital: The Impact on Egyptian Employees' Work Well Being.
(10/01/2017) Maher, Aya; Samir, Heba; El Hefny, Salma
The objective of this exploratory paper is to discuss the impact of psychological capital on Egyptian employees’ work well-being. Some scholars defined positive psychological capital as the individual’s positive psychological state that has four components which are efficacy, optimism, hope, and resilience. Positive psychological capacities are states rather than fixed traits and they can be developed through the authentic leadership and trust. On the other hand, work wellbeing; is concerned with human potential power and happiness-oriented. The significance of this study lies in the fact that positive psychological capital should be an issue of concern to leaders of public organizations in Egypt due to its effect on employees’ work well being. The significance of the study is also due to the increasing deterioration in public employees’ job performance and productivity, which is reflected in the poor quality of services rendered to citizens and their dissatisfaction with many public services offered by these organizations. The research question will then focus on what is the impact of psychological capital on Egyptian employees’ work well being. The analysis of this study was drawn from different academic literature and in-depth interviews with three senior employees and leaders in different public organizations. Recommendations revealed that leaders of public organizations should give more attention to the importance of positive psychological resources as core psychological factors that affect their employees’ performance, satisfaction, turnover rate and employees’ work well being
A Balanced Scorecard Model to Align Performance Evaluation of Egyptian Hospitality Organizations
(SSRN, 2011) Samy Eldeeb, Mohamed; Tawfik Halim, Yasser
Measuring performance has increasingly become a focus in hospitality industry. One of the most important approaches to measure performance is the balanced scorecard, which summarizes a critical set of indicators that measures and evaluate the performance of the organization. The researchers used the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) as a tool for developing a proposed model to evaluate the performance in hospitality industry. The proposed model addresses performance evaluation at five levels: financial, customer, outcomes, internal processes, and learning and growth. This paper formulates a new multidimensional model inspired from BSC to be used as a performance measure tool in the hospitality organizations with special emphasize on Egyptian hotels. The model will handle the four perspectives of the balance scorecard by identifying the inputs, process, outputs and measures suitable for each perspective. The research tries to identify the key concern of the hotels which is the quality of service through improving the performance.
The Balanced Scorecard: Measures That Drive Performance Evaluation in Auditing Firms
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2020) Hegazy, M; Hegazy, K; Eldeeb, M
The purpose of this article is to establish a framework with its related measures for the development of a balanced scorecard (BSC) for auditing firms. A BSC was developed providing the detailed measures for performance evaluation comprising five key elements: learning and growth, clients, internal business processes, financials, and audit-related perspectives of corporate ethics. A survey was undertaken along with descriptive statistics and confirmatory factor analysis in four auditing firms, to assess the external auditors’ opinions for the proposed BSC measures. The results suggest that the development and use of the proposed BSC measures will enhance audit firms’ performance. Audit firms would have a better understanding of the various drivers of performance and strategies thereby creating a competitive advantage. The results are valuable to not only audit firms but also auditing oversight boards who could direct the design of their monitoring process by understanding performance systems in different size audit firms. © The Author(s) 2020.

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