Faculty Of Engineering Sciences Journal Volume 2 - Issue 1&2 - 2023

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4D Printing As A Solution For Saving Building Energy
(October university for modern sciences and Arts MSA, 2023) A. H. Abd El-Wahab, Eslam; Mahrous Abdelmasih, Marina
In view of the energy crisis all over the world, in all types of energy such as the gas and electricity crisis, the call for the use of renewable energy appeared on the basis that it was the best solution to this crisis. However, the energy was stored in containers according to the nature of the stored energy, such as batteries for electricity, which exposes part of it to loss in the process of charging and discharging it. However, the tendency to store this energy within the material itself began to emerge and apply, instead of storing energy in containers and then retrieval. The research tends to use the energy stored in the material as a solution to prevent wasting part of the energy in charging and discharging it, such as heat loss in charging and discharging electricity. So the aim of the research is using 4D printing to store and discharge energy to directly interact with the architectural problem through environmental stimuli, using heat and light stimulus to reach the desired formation or movement to solve a problem in the building
Application of Analysis of Variance and Taguchi Method for the Identification of Key Parameters and their Impact on Sound Measurement.
(October university for modern sciences and Arts MSA, 2023) Elkattan, AbdelRahman; Elkholy, Janna; Magdy, Mohammed; Essam, Mostafa; Khaled, Mostafa; Fayed, Yousef
This work is done to measure the sound density and improve its quality. And this is done by measuring the sound intensity in different situations and surroundings. To determine the effect of significant parameters throughout the sound measurement. The results of the various experiments of the sound measurement are viewed by applying some tools in Design of Experiments (DOF), Such as Taguchi method and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) [1]. In these experiments there are four factors considered, they are temperature, distance, wind speed and angle of the sensor. These factors were chosen because they are the most parameters that can affect the quality of the sound. The results show that the factor speed is the most significant factor with percentage 1.79% according to the ANOVA table. Therefore, this work is considered as an effective tool to find the important parameters and their effect in sound measurement.
Arabic Tweets Spam Detection Based on Various Supervised Machine Learning and Deep Learning Classifiers
(October university for modern sciences and Arts MSA, 2023) I. Hassan, Shimaa; S. Andraws, Mina; Elrefaei, Lamiaa
In this paper, different machine learning algorithms, ensemble algorithms, and deep learning algorithms are applied to Arabic tweets to detect whether it human-generated or not. The tweets are used twice as preprocessed and non-preprocessed to measure the effectiveness of Arabic preprocessing in the classification process. The data is also tokenized with various methods like unigram, trigram, and Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency. The experiments show that the support vector machine with the non-preprocessed tweets and unigram tokenization has the best performance of 83.11% and a precision of 0.9516 while it predicts the spam or not in a relatively small time.
Architectural Design in The Light of AI Concepts and Applications
(October university for modern sciences and Arts MSA, 2023) A. Amer, Nihal
In the early stages of projects, architects always face a huge amount of data needed for the design. Currently, computational facilities are available to assist the designer to utilize data and information easily and efficiently to achieve this goal. Artificial Intelligence, AI, is a new science that utilizes, interprets and manipulates data to achieve goals and to accomplish tasks. Currently, AI has been spread among different disciplines and encompasses a wide variety of sub-fields (Modelling, anomaly detection, association and clustering). The present work aims at clarifying the privilege of adopting AI in the architectural design, and to encourage architects to start using it friendly. This is accomplished through a two-fold methodology: highlighting the related literature and demonstrating a summary of selected published case studies of applied and intended projects. It is expected that AI will be applied and play a substantial role in architecture practice more widely in future projects
Architecture Aesthetics Evaluation Methodologies of Humans and Artificial Intelligence
(October university for modern sciences and Arts MSA, 2023) Ramsis, Caroline; M Mansour, Yasser; Eliraqi, Ahmed
Architecture is a discipline that contributes to science when it is related to the construction of buildings and art when it is related to the pleasure of the viewer and the user of these buildings. Aesthetics is the discipline that studies the pleasure of humans and how people approach the world through their senses. Human-computer interaction advances every day in our life. This paper discusses concepts behind architecture aesthetic evaluation methodologies by humans and Artificial Intelligence (AI). The first part of this paper identifies some philosophers with their theories about aesthetics that helps in understanding how people were concerned about art and how they relate it to their life. Also, the discussion about neuro-aesthetics helps in studying the biological basis of aesthetic experience. The second part discusses recent applications of AI in evaluating aesthetics and how people interact with AI and how to build a reliable AI system that people will enjoy interacting with it. The third part distinguishes AI methods that are used in architecture that help in storing and analyzing huge amounts of data that the human brain can`t interpret. Finally, the paper concludes with the main guidelines for establishing an integrated system for architectural aesthetics evaluation.
Architecture as a tool for unifying divided cities; A case study of Nicosia
(October university for modern sciences and Arts MSA, 2023) Mohammed, Mariam; Khaled, Amira; M. Shawket, Indjy
Globally the world witnesses several efforts towards uniting cities. Major cities are almost heterogeneous in terms of culture and ethnicity; this implies that every city is divided to certain extent. Many reasons may cause city division, where division occurs due to less negotiable aspects as nationality, sovereignty, ethnicity, or religion. Although these affecting aspects may be few, but they allow great insight into how division can ruin a city. Many people around the world may be suffering of living in divided cities, where sometimes there are no and in other times the borders may exist in a line, a buffer, or even mentally. Segregation will always lead to a dead city at the end, while urbanists and architects are seeking sustainable cities. Yet, there is neglection for the architecture solutions although that it could be a tool for gathering the divisions socially, economically, religiously, or culturally. Hence, when they are gathered, they may generate one revival city. Accordingly, this study focuses on a case study that suffers from the concept of “Divided Cities”, and highlight how social aspect, through the architectural solutions, could directly help on solving economical, touristic, and even political issues to achieve a unified convivial city. Moreover, the study is acknowledging the importance of governments and politicians believes towards architecture as a tool for unifying divided cities.
Artificial Intelligence as a pedagogical tool for architectural education: What does the empirical evidence tell us?
(October university for modern sciences and Arts MSA, 2023) Sadek, Mohamed; Abdel Gelil Mohamed, Nermine
Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications in arts and design have been growing in popularity in recent years. Numerous AI program applications are publicly available, both commercial and open source, offering a chance to convert the textual description of a design or context into original content images. While many research projects tackled AI use in architecture since 2015, there seems to be a lack of empirical evidence of its use in Architecture education as a tool for concept generation. An experimental architecture design course took place in Fall 2022 where 34 students utilised AI programs in the conceptual design phase to produce original content images from narratives to help students generate concepts for their buildings. The designs of the experimental student groups are compared to another control group of 50 students which use more traditional conceptual design methods on a similar project in the same semester. This paper aims to highlight the opportunities and challenges of using AI tools in the concept generation phase in architecture design education by measuring their effectiveness to increase creativity in form finding. With the use of recent literature in architecture learning theories and pedagogies, this experimental approach will be critiqued to provide further insights into AI’s role in architecture education.
Behavior of Piles Reinforced by Geosynthetics Under Lateral Load
(October university for modern sciences and Arts MSA, 2023) A. El-Kasaby, El-Sayed; Awwad, Mahmoud; Roshdy, Mohab; I. Badawi, Mona
This paper introduces the results of eleven lateral pile loading tests performed on concrete piles reinforced with different materials such as FRP bars, geosynthetics geogrids, and composite of two materials to check their efficiency in carrying the lateral load. The lateral loading pile test was applied on three groups consisting of ten reinforced concrete pile specimens, and control concrete pile specimen reinforced by steel bars. All samples have the same dimensions (150 mm diameter x 1050 mm length). This research assumed that the pile was placed in a very soft clay soil and rested on a crushed stone layer, so the frictional effect of the soil was neglected. A comparison has been carried out between experimental results for all samples. The experimental results illustrated that the lateral loads carried by piles were increased up to 25.3% by using FRP bars, biaxial geogrid, and uniaxial geogrid. Moreover, a non-linear finite element analysis was verified by Abaqus standard software and achieved a great rapprochement with the experimental results. Finally, a comparison was carried out between the reinforcement cost for all samples, which showed that using these composite piles decreased its cost up to 59%.
Behavior Planning for Autonomous Driving: Methodologies, Applications, and Future Orientation
(October university for modern sciences and Arts MSA, 2023) S. Kassem, Nada; F. Saad, Sameh; I. Elshaaer, Yasser
Decision-making is a crucial task for autonomous driving. Taking the wrong decision might cause a cartographical accident. Decision-making implies planning the appropriate behavior based on the current state of the vehicle and its environment. The paper aims to review the current state of the art of behavior Planning for autonomous driving. A basic categorization for behavior planning algorithms is introduced. Besides, a review of different algorithms is discussed with a comparison between different algorithms from the point of view of the suitable scenario. Finally, promising research topics are discussed.
Biomimicry and Artificial Intelligence for Climate Change Mitigation
(October university for modern sciences and Arts MSA, 2023) ElDin, NourN
The climate change we are facing nowadays is causing notable changes and harmful impacts to the environment. Therefore, there is a crucial need for sustainable practices, and efficient solutions to the CC problems. Nature have been constantly adapting to changing environmental conditions. Throughout history, nature have shown successful examples that we should learn from. “Biomimicry” is concerned with emulating nature models and systems. The term “biomimicry” comes from the Greek word “Bio” means “life” and “mimicry” to imitate. (Benyus, 1997). However, the sophistication and complexity of various database of nature, climate change, etc... require the integration of artificial intelligence to direct adaptation practices, manage the navigation through this large data. The paper will discuss the biomimicry approach and its role in mitigating climate change, followed by addressing the role of (AI) in managing the biomimetic database, weather data. Discussing how (AI) assist in leveraging variables, inputs, creating algorithms, automatically updating databases, offering scenarios, assist in decision making, and less time consuming. So that the designer’s intervention is concerned with overriding the outcomes not starting from scratch, as well as combining the randomness of biomimetic data and the models that evolve overtime, interdisciplinary and the climatic changes, for the development of more efficient solutions.
Cleaner Production of Isopropyl Laurate using Lipase Catalyzed Esterification: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology
(October university for modern sciences and Arts MSA, 2023) Mustafa, Ahmad
This work aims to produce a common emollient ester isopropyl laurate (IPL) in a solvent-free system. Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and lauric acid (LA) were esterified in a closed batch reactor, employing immobilized Candida antarctica lipase as a biocatalyst. Response surface methodology was based on a five-levels, three variables composite design was used to optimize the reaction conditions. The interactive effect of three different parameters on isopropyl laurate (IPL) synthesis was studied. The following conditions' ranges were considered: molecular sieves of 1%–10% (w/w), IPA-to-LA molar ratios of 3:1–15:1, and enzyme load of 1%–4% (w/w). As a result of the optimization study, the optimum conditions were 4% w/w of Novozym 435, 15:1 IPA: LA molar ratio, and 10% w/w molecular sieves at 150 RPM, 60°C and for 2.5 h. The RSM study showed that the maximum predicted and experimental conversion values were 90.75 and 91%, respectively. It is worth mentioning that Novozyme 435 demonstrated superior operational stability, where it was used for 15 cycles without significant denaturation. The clean nature of the proposed method and the proven operational stability of Novozym 435 reveal this approach's technical and economic feasibility.
Design and Implementation of an Autonomous Water Surface Cleaning Robot
(October university for modern sciences and Arts MSA, 2023) Yousef Takawy, Mina; Gamal Ezz-Eldin, Ahmed; M. Bayoumy Aly, Amgad
Water is a vital resource, but industrialization has caused water pollution to become a significant issue. An autonomous water surface-cleaning robot is a machine that is designed to navigate and clean the surface of a body of water without human intervention. The robot is equipped with sensors and algorithms that allow it to detect and remove debris, such as leaves and twigs, from the water's surface. In addition to removing visible debris. one of the main advantages of using an autonomous water surface cleaning robot is the ability to continuously clean the water without the need for human intervention. This allows for a more efficient and effective cleaning process, as the robot can operate around the clock if needed. Additionally, the use of a robot can help to reduce the risk of injury or accidents that may be associated with manual cleaning methods, such as using a net to remove debris. A fixed arm is included for collecting and depositing waste into a basket on the hull, and electronic circuits and motors are protected inside the hull. The robot can operate autonomously, including detecting and avoiding obstacles and cleaning the water's surface. It also has a docking station that alerts the robot when it has reached its maximum garbage capacity or when the battery is low. The robot includes modules for movement, positioning, obstacle avoidance, communication, and power management, as well as a system for cleaning the water's surface.
A Design Chart to Determine the Overall Thermal Resistance of a Building Envelope Cross-Section
(October university for modern sciences and Arts MSA, 2023) Shawky Saifelnasr, Shady
The overall thermal resistance of a building envelope cross-section; vertical or horizontal, is crucial for providing insulation for indoor spaces to reduce heat transmission, which would lower energy usage. The main objective of this paper is to create a design chart that determines the overall thermal resistance of vertical or horizontal cross-sections that constitute a building envelope. Additionally, it can determine the appropriate insulation needed to achieve the desired overall thermal resistance. The design chart is made up of several integrated graphs that are created using various formulas, with each graph illustrating the resistance of a particular building material as a function of its thickness. Using the design chart to determine the overall thermal resistance of vertical or horizontal cross-sections is simple for architects to do without having to perform several calculations. It is also universal since it may satisfy the needs of the various energy regulations across the globe.
Design of Spray Dryer Machine
(October university for modern sciences and Arts MSA, 2023) Sameh, Vera; Samir, Hana; Badawy, Ahmed
Spray drying is one of the key methods that dry liquid into powder. It is used in different fields such as the food, pharmaceutical, chemicals, and cosmetics industries. Spray drying is a method used to produce dry powder from liquids with different viscosities, by using hot gas for rapid drying. The core of this machine is the atomizer. Originally, drying techniques were based on rotary discs and single fluid high pressure vortex nozzles. Spray dryer dries the product more rapidly. The spray dryer process starts with atomization of a liquid to separate it into spray with controlled droplet size. These droplets are then exposed to a hot gas in the drying chamber passing through pipes to the powder collecting tank. Furthermore, spray drying offers multiple possibilities that no other drying technology can claim. It is characterized by the speed of the process and updated technologies such as PLC screens. In addition, spray drying offers unique opportunities in particle size engineering. Therefore, this paper focuses on the spray drying method using the spray dryer machine. The paper presents a mathematical model for the spray dryer using MATLAB, along with computational fluid dynamics simulation using ANSYS.
Detecting Asteroids and Comets using Machine Learning and Deep Learning
(October university for modern sciences and Arts MSA, 2023) Khalil Ibrahim, Mohamed; Said, M.; M. El-Sedfy, S.; Khaled, M.; Ibrahim, A.; Abdellah, N. N. Khaled
Asteroids and comets are potentially hazardous objects that may make close approaches and enter into Earth's orbit. Detecting and tracking asteroids and comets is a global challenge. Machine learning and deep learning are powerful tools that can be used to observe such hazardous objects early to protect our planet from any future impact. In this paper, we attempt to present a concise review on using machine learning and deep learning in tracking asteroids and comets.
Determining Optimal Locations for Emergency Service Centers with Limited Capacity
(October university for modern sciences and Arts MSA, 2023) Hussein Hassan, Emad El-din; Zaazou, Zeinab
The rational management of emergency services centers focuses on two important goals, the optimal positioning of these centers to be able to provide services in the fastest possible way, and the second is to ensure that these centers can provide, with no delay, service to every one upon his/her request, especially in emergency cases when demand on these services are at the peak which means that in urban design it is very important to locate the emergency service centers in a position that satisfy both the two above goals. In fact, several research works concerned with determining the optimum location of the service centers but with a little concern of the limited capacity of each center. This research discusses how to achieve these two goals by treating the problem mathematically. Limitation of the capacity of each center is also a matter of concern. Finally, an effective computer algorithm is provided to illustrate the practical implication of the performed mathematical solution.
Ecological footprint as a tool to achieve sustainable development in Egypt (applied to Beheira Governorate)
(October university for modern sciences and Arts MSA, 2023) Mostafa Emam, Wessam; Sabry Gomaa, Niveen
The environmental dimension is one of the dimensions of sustainable development along with the social and economic dimension, and the goals of sustainable development focus on meeting the needs of current communities while preserving the rights of future generations. To make the best use of the natural environment and protect it from disasters. In this sense, the research is concerned with the Ecological footprint as one of the environmental assessment tools that help achieve sustainability by comparing the pressure that occurs on environmental resources and their presence by identifying the concept of Ecological footprint and its importance and application to the Beheira Governorate to come up with a set of recommendations that enable decision makers and the urban planner to achieve sustainable urban development.
Effective Use of Authenticity Value as a Catalyst for Coastal Intermediate Cities Development: A Case of Al-Quseir City, Egypt
(October university for modern sciences and Arts MSA, 2023) M. Elsayed, Maha; A. Shawky, Kariman
The concept of Authenticity refers to a property's ability to ensure, preserve, and sustain its cultural value over time. In recent years, the UNESCO World Heritage Center has worked to create a conceptual framework that would provide criteria for evaluating, conserving, and managing urban heritage. Coastal cities are attractive destinations for both inhabitants and visitors all over the world. Further, intermediate coastal cities are considered to have a critical and significant basis in developing substantial economic and social interactions. Therefore, this research aims to examine the potentials and values of intermediate coastal cities in Egypt to identify practical guidelines that may efficiently enhance cities' development taking Al-Quseir city as a case study, one of the most promising coastal cities. Based on profound theoretical and analytical studies, the authenticity concept was studied and analyzed composing a list of indicators that illustrate the value of coastal cities. Followed by an analysis of Al-Quseir city and examining it against the authenticity adopted indicators. In addition to evaluating the Al-Quseir strategic plan to determine to what extent it contributes to enhancing the value of the city's authenticity. Moreover, this study will offer an assessment framework by which the development of Al-Quseir city could be assessed.
Efficiency of (GFRP- Steel) Stirrups in Reinforcing the Punching of Slab-Column Connections subjected to Eccentric Load
(October university for modern sciences and Arts MSA, 2023) H. Makhlouf, Mohamed; Ismail, Gamal; H. Abdel Kareem, Ahmed; I. Badawi, Marwa
The effectiveness of inner stirrups as the punching shear reinforcement for slab-column connections under eccentric loading was studied in this research with the purpose of improving the punching behaviour. This research experimental data and results study the effect of using steel, and glass fiber reinforced polymer stirrups (GFRPS) as punching shear reinforcement for interior slab-column connections (S-C-C) under eccentric loading. The experimental program consists of six flat slabs with dimensions of 1600*1600 *150 mm, stub column having a 200*200 mm cross-section with 700 mm total height extended outside both sides of the slab. The variables were the materials used for manufacturing stirrups (Steel - GFRP), the distance between stirrups (50 or 70) mm, and the case of loading (eccentric or centric load). The experimental results showed a noticeable increase in punching shear resistance for the slabs reinforced with stirrups ranged from 28 to 63% compared to the control specimen. Finite element analysis was performed using the Abaqus/CAE6.14 software, and the results were compared to the experimental results, which revealed a significant agreement. A Parametric analysis was also performed on the validated model. Finally, Equations for punching strength prediction were applied and then compared with the experimental results.
Equations of Motion for Charged Spinning Fluid in Bi-metric Type Theories of Gravity
(October university for modern sciences and Arts MSA, 2023) E. Kahil, Magd; A. Ammar, Samah; A. Refaey, Shymaa
The General theory of relativity is one of the most successful theories of gravity. Despite its successful applications, it has some difficulties in examining the behaviour of particles precisely in strong gravitational fields. Bi-metric type theories of gravity are classified as alternative theories of gravity that describing such strong gravitational fields, such as the gravitational field formed at the core of our galaxy. In order to obtain the equations of motion for spinning fluids, we use the Weyssenhoff tensor to express the spin fluid. The equations of motion for spinning fluids are derived using Euler-Lagrange equation. We present the equations of motion for spinning fluids and their corresponding spin deviation equations in some classes of Bi-metric type theories. Also, we obtain equations of motion for spinning fluids and their corresponding spin deviation for a variable mass. Moreover, we extend our study to examine the status of motion for spinning charged fluids and their corresponding spin deviation equations.

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