Faculty Of Management Graduation Project 2018 - 2019

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    Consumer’s Perception towards Persuasion Techniques & its Impact on Consumer-brand Relationship. Applied on: Adidas
    (October University of Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Hassanein, Mahmoud; Ranadan, Salema; Ahmed, Sara
    Nowadays people tend to spend time shopping as a substitute to other hobbies and activities. During the shopping process people are exposed to hundreds and thousands of brands and all of them have their own selling strategies and techniques, the amount of ads, billboards, emails, offers and promotions consumers are exposed to makes most of the brands seem unnoticed to many consumers, therefore marketers started to advertise in a different way which is to focus on the motives on consumers and make the consumer feel incomplete without their products to create the need to make a purchase. Following the success of Mohamed Salah, Adidas chose Mohamed Salah because he is a role model to the next generation, and how big could they go. Adidas started putting Salah in advertisements, billboards; even releasing his own shoe line, the main goal behind this campaign was to promote Adidas’s products which surely have succeeded in Egypt and worldwide. Celebrity endorsement is a strategy used to enhance the brand image, and associate the brand with the figure’s personal image, which can either bring lots of success or backfire on the brand. The strategy we are focusing on in our study is persuasion techniques. Whether the seller is trying to persuade or manipulate depending on their beliefs whether consumers wants or needs their product. When the salesperson genuinely believes that the consumer needs it, their intentions are good. It can’t possibly be manipulation; it can be considered as persuading the consumer by the seller’s product rather than any other product. Mainly, manipulation is successfully influencing and changing consumer’s choice, however; the goal is the same whether the company is persuading or manipulating consumers, is to encourage and increase the purchase intention, the purchase intention is the willingness of a consumer to purchase a certain product, therefore, we intend to assess and study how the store atmosphere affects the consumer’s behavior towards purchasing.
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    Earnings management and Annual report readability: Evidence from Egyptian listed companies
    (October university for modern sciences and arts, 2019) Ahmed, Nada; Abd El Rasoul, Norhan; Adel, Dina; Allam, Hagar
    The current study examines the effect of earning management on annual report readability. The sample includes 12 firms listed in EGX from 2013 to 2017 from different sectors such as food and beverage sectors, and construction sector. Fog Index is used to measure annual report readability. To measure Earning Management, Modified Jones model is used. In order to test the research hypotheses, three statistical analysis techniques (descriptive analysis, Pearson’s correlation, and regression analysis) are used. It is concluded that there is a positive significant association between earnings management and FOG Index. This indicates a negative association between earning management and annual report readability. This can be explained as when management engages in Earning Management practices, they tend to hide this behavior by increasing the complexity of the annual report Summary: تبحث الدراسة الحالية تأثير كسب الإدارة على سهولة قراءة التقرير السنوي. تشمل العينة 12 شركة مدرجة في البورصة في الفترة من 2013 إلى 2017 من قطاعات مختلفة مثل قطاعات الأغذية والمشروبات وقطاع البناء. يستخدم مؤشر FOG لقياس قراءة التقرير السنوي. لقياس الأرباح ، يتم استخدام نموذج جونز المعدل. من أجل اختبار فرضيات البحث ، يتم استخدام ثلاث تقنيات تحليل إحصائي (التحليل الوصفي ، ارتباط بيرسون ، وتحليل الانحدار). وخلص إلى أن هناك علاقة إيجابية إيجابية بين إدارة الأرباح ومؤشر FOG. هذا يشير إلى وجود علاقة سلبية بين إدارة الأرباح وقراءة التقرير السنوي. يمكن توضيح ذلك عندما تشارك الإدارة في ممارسات إدارة الأرباح ، فإنها تميل إلى إخفاء هذا السلوك عن طريق زيادة تعقيد التقرير السنوي.
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    Earnings management and Annual report readability: Evidence from Egyptian listed companies
    (October University of Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Ahmed, Nada; Abd El Rasoul, Norhan; Adel, Dina
    The current study examines the effect of earning management on annual report readability. The sample includes 12 firms listed in EGX from 2013 to 2017 from different sectors such as food and beverage sectors, and construction sector. Fog Index is used to measure annual report readability. To measure Earning Management, Modified Jones model is used. In order to test the research hypotheses, three statistical analysis techniques (descriptive analysis, Pearson’s correlation, and regression analysis) are used. It is concluded that there is a positive significant association between earnings management and FOG Index. This indicates a negative association between earning management and annual report readability. This can be explained as when management engages in Earning Management practices, they tend to hide this behavior by increasing the complexity of the annual repor
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    The Effect of Audit Quality and Earnings Management on Cost of Equity
    (October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Waleed, Mohamed
    The current study examines the effect of audit quality and earnings management on cost of equity. The current study used a sample of the 10 firms listed in EGX30 as of 2017 during the period of 2015-2017. To measure the variables, data were collected from auditor’s report, financial statements which were downloaded from the companies’ websites. To test the hypotheses, descriptive, correlation, and regression analysis were conducted using SPSS program. There is a positive insignificant association between the Audit quality and Cost of equity, There is a positive insignificant association between Earnings management and cost of equity.
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    The effect of brand ambassadors on brand image; Application on Oppo
    (October university for modern sciences and arts, 2019) Madkour, Ahmed Nader; Mohamed, Islam; Mourad, Ahmed
    Brand ambassador is someone who represents a brand in a positive way. It is the duty of the brand ambassador to express the message of a company to consumers. Brand ambassador is someone who is passionate for the brand, able to represent it, and even offered to provide information about the brand as a well-known person who uses their fame to promote a product or service. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of brand ambassadors on brand image. In this research, the sample size targeted by the researchers was 185 respondents. Moreover, the sampling technique followed by the researchers was the non-probability – Convenience Sampling method. Throughout this research, the mean, frequency, and percentage were conducted through the descriptive analysis using several types of tests. These tests included the Cronbach alpha test, The Cronbach Alpha test was used to measure the reliability and also to measure the internal consistency, that is, how closely related a set of items are as a group. It is considered to be a measure of scale reliability. Also, we used the Spearman Correlation coefficient. The researchers found out that the majority of the respondents agreed brand ambassadors are beneficial to the brand image. In addition, the results showed that age and credibility are the main factors that have a great influence on brand image and purchase intentions. Finally, some related discussions and suggestions were proposed.
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    “The Effect of consumer perception of Acquisitions on the Brand Image & Purchase Intention” // GP // Dr. Samya El Sheikh
    (October university for modern sciences and arts, 2019) Ramses, Omar; Mohamed, Alia El Maarry; AbdelWahab, Habiba; AbdelKader, Mohamed
    Purpose - The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of acquisitions on brand image and to examine the effectof acquisitions on the purchase intention, with an area of application on Nescafés’ acquisition of Bonjorno. Methodology - The researchers used primary and secondary data to measure the relationship between the variables by assessing the results of questionnaires distributed among 246 participants using IBM’s statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS). Findings - The researchers found that there is a positive relationship between the acquisition, brand image and purchase intention. However, the strength of the relationship varied depending on the brand. Implications – Acquisitions are often measured based on the effect on the company rather than the customers. This research studies the effect of customer perception of acquisitions on the brand image and purchase intention. Key Words - Acquisition, Brand Image, Purchase Intention Summary: هدف- الهدف من هذا البحث هو تحري تأثير إستحواذالشركات على صورة العلامة التجارية والتحري عن تأثير الإستحواذ على النية الشرائية ومجال التطبيق هو إستحواذ نسكافيه على بونجورنو . المنهج- إستخدم الباحثون المعلومات الأولية والثانوية لقياس العلاقة بين المتغيرات عن طريق تقييم نتائج الاستبيان الموزعة على 246 مشترك بإستخدام برنامج IBM الإحصائي للعلوم الإجتماعية (SPSS). النتائج- وجد الباحثون أن هناك علاقة إيجابية بين الإستحواذ ، صورة العلامة التجارية و النية الشرائية. الترتبات- يقاس التمكين عادة على أساس تأثيره على الشركات لا على أراء و وجهات نظر المستهلكين. يدرس هذا البحث تأثير وجهة نظر المستهلك عن الإستحواذ على العلامة التجارية و النية الشرائية . المصطلحات الأساسية- إستحواذ - صورة العلامة التجارية - النية الشرائية
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    The Effect of Corporate Governance on Firm Performance in Family Firms
    (October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Yasser, Abdelrhman; Hatem Taha, Ahmed; Ibrahim, Emad; Hassanein, Mohamed
    The current study investigates the effect of the corporate governance mechanisms which are (CEO Duality, Board independence and Number & size of board directors) on the firm performance measured by return on assets and return on equity (ROA and ROE) in a family owned firm. A sample of 5 listed firms from 2012-2017. CEO Duality, Board independence and Number & size of board directors are gathered from Annual reports while ROA and ROE are measured from financial statements. SPSS program was used to analyze the results. Regression analysis and correlation methods were used to test the hypotheses between the two variables (corporate governance and firm performance). Results show that the sign of results were insignificant negative and rejected. While the relation between corporate governance and ROA in the sign of results was insignificant negative and rejected. The relation between the corporate governance and ROE in sign of results was insignificant negative and rejected.
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    The effect of financial leverage on the firm’s performance
    (October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Khaled Khattab, Abdelrahman; Adel, Ahmed; Sherif, Nourhan; Hazem Ragaai, Salma; Ahmed Mahmoud, Taha
    This research set out to investigate the impact of financial leverage on firm performance of the food and beverage sector companies listed in the Egyptian stock market exchange .The financial leverage measurements are debt ratio and debt to equity ratio, firm’s performance measurements which are free cash flow and Tobin’s Q. The researchers are going to examine whether there is a positive or a negative relationship between the two variables and if it is significant or not significant relationship. It took performance measures in a wider perspective using Free Cash Flow and Tobin’s Q. In addition to financial leverage the study expanded its explanatory variables by controlling for debt ratio, and debt to equity. The results revealed that there is a significant negative relationship between leverage and free cash flow. Findings from the Tobin’s Q model indicated that large firms have a negative insignificant relationship between financial leverage and firm performance while the older firms showed an increase in its market value; this is an indication of investors’ confidence on the older firms who have built their reputation over a long period.
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    The Effect of Firm Characteristics on Firm Value
    (October University of Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Ahmed Wassey, Omar; Awad, Omar; Medhat, Abd El Rhman; Khaled Amin, Seif Eldin
    This study examined how firm age, firm size, and leverage affects firm value. A sample of 20 companies were taken from companies listed in Egyptian stock for the period from 2014 to 2018. Measurements and data were collected from annual reports of the companies. Data were analyzed using correlation regression and techniques run using SPSS in order to test the hypothesis. The study revealed significant effect of leverage on firm value. However, the study failed to find a significant effect of firm age and firm size.
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    The effect of IFRS Adoption and audit quality on Earnings management
    (October University of Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Metwally, Adham; Maged, Marley; Wagdy, Mirna; Tarek, Salah
    Purpose – This paper aims to examine the effect of IFRS adoption and audit quality on earnings management .specially this study examine whether earnings management has a negative impact on both IFRS adoption and audit quality for a sample of firms listed on Saudi Arabia and Kuwait stock exchange. Design/methodology/approach – the sample was 14 listed companies in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait stock exchange on the industrial material sector during the period "2014-2018". It measures the earnings management by modified Johns model, while the audit quality is measured by dummy variable as well as IFRS adoption. The data analyzed by descriptive correlation and regression analysis using statistical program called SPSS. Findings –We found that there is a negative relationship between audit quality and earnings management and a negative relationship between IFRS adoption and earnings management we have accepted this hypothesis after some statistical analysis are implemented. Limitations – Collecting variable’s data, complexity of calculation, access to information, the small sample size, language barrier, limitation of time.
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    The Effect of IFRS Adoption on Earnings Quality and Cost of Equity
    (October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Ahmed Abdelaziz El Sabagh, Mohamed; Mohamed Akram Magar, Youssef; Ezz El Din El Alfy, Bassem; Adel Eissa, Omar
    The current study examines the effect of IFRS adoption on earnings quality and cost of equity. A sample of 15 companies listed in EGX were used starting from 2005 till 2007. Three statistical techniques were used, which are descriptive analysis, person correlation and regression analysis. The results showed that there is a positive insignificant relationship between IFRS and earnings quality. In addition, there is a positive but insignificant relationship between IFRS and cost of Equity. Keywords: IFRS, Earnings quality, Cost of equity
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    The Effect Of Intellectual Capital On Firm Performance
    (October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Mohsen El- Bahrawy, Ahmed; Hatem Al-Jammali, Habiba; Khaled Salah, Mahmoud; Ali El-Garem, Reem
    We would like to express our deep gratitude that goes to the memory of Professor.HazemYassin; and also, we would like to express our very great appreciation to Dr. Mohamed El-Deeb for his valuable and constructive suggestions during the planning and development of this research work. His willingness to give his time so generously has been very much appreciated. We are particularly grateful for the assistance given by Yomna El- Akkad and NohaMostafaas their patient guidance, enthusiastic encouragement and useful critiques have helped us get easily through this research work.We wish to acknowledge the help provided by teaching assistant Lamis El-Sharkawy that helped in brainstorming us with ideas that have easily helped us in applying most of this research work.
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    The Effect of Research and Development Expenses on Firm Performance
    (October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Shoukry, Hesham; Mostafa Sadek, Ibarhim; Khaled, Mai; Samoel, Martina; Ahmed Alarabi, Yomna
    This Research aims to examine the effect of research and development expense on the firm performance. The dependant variable which is the firm performance is measured by return on assets (ROA), and the independent variable which is research and development is measured by the research and development expense located in the income statement. The Researchers hypothesized that there was a positive significant relation between research and development expenses and firm financial performance. The methodology in this research was conducted by Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) program. Data used is secondary data from five international companies in the technology sector for six years from 2012 to 2017. The significance level for the research is .00011678 ≈ 0% which indicate that there is a Positive Significant relationship between Research and Development expense and Firm Performance. Keywords: R&D, Firm Performance, ROA, Research and Development Expense, Technology Sector.
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    The Effect of Risk Management on Bank’s Performance تأثير إدارة المخاطر على أداء البنك
    (October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Maher, Youssef Ayman; Abdelaziz, Mahmoud Ali; Sobh, Omar Sameh; Said, Ahmed Abdalla
    The current study examines the effect of risk management on the financial performance of banks. The sample includes 15 listed and non-listed Egyptian banks’ financial statements during the period of 2015-2017. To test the research hypotheses, descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation and regression analysis were used. The results showed that there is a positive significant association between Return on Assets (ROA) and Non-performing Loan (NPL) ratio, Capital Adequacy Ratio(CAR) and Liquidity ratio. However, there is a negative insignificant association between capital ratio and ROA. In addition, there is a positive significant association between ROE and both NPL ratio and Liquidity ratio. However, there is a positive insignificant association between CAR and ROE and there is a negative significant association between capital ratio and ROE. Summary: تبحث الدراسة الحالية تأثير إدارة المخاطر على الأداء المالي للبنوك. تشتمل العينة على 15 من القوائم المالية للبنوك المصرية المدرجة وغير المدرجة خلال الفترة 2015-2017. لاختبار الفرضيات البحثية ، تم استخدام التحليل الوصفي ، ارتباط بيرسون وتحليل الانحدار. أظهرت النتائج أن هناك علاقة إيجابية مهمة بين نسبة العائد على الأصول (ROA) ونسبة القروض المتعثرة (NPL) ، ونسبة كفاية رأس المال (CAR) ونسبة السيولة. ومع ذلك ، هناك علاقة سلبية ضئيلة بين نسبة رأس المال والعائد على الاستثمار. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، هناك ارتباط إيجابي كبير بين العائد على حقوق المساهمين وكلا نسبة القروض المتعثرة ونسبة السيولة. ومع ذلك ، يوجد ارتباط إيجابي ضئيل بين CAR و ROE وهناك علاقة سلبية هامة بين نسبة رأس المال و ROE.
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    The effect of store layout and shelf-positioning on the purchase behavior of youth from both genders : An application on apparel stores
    (October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Atef, Haidy; Tarek, Farah; Nabil Zaki, Farida; Hegazy, Menna
    Store layout is an important element in motivating consumer's response in retailing. The design of a retail store has been found to considerably influence a retailer's general presentation through its effect on information processing, purchase intents and attitude towards the retail institution. The retail setting is shifting more than ever before. It is regarded by the increasing rivalry and new refined and tough customers who have superior expectations associated to their buying experiences. It has been proved that shelf- spacing is a critical component in attracting customers to buy; therefore retailers tend to compete ferociously in order to get premium shelf position. Apparel stores that offer products for both males and females have a challenge, as in one hand they should know their consumers and recognize their preferences when they enter the store, also they have to understand what attracts each gender in terms of store layout, and on the other hand they should understand that every single product (ex. Pants, shirts, shoes, accessories,.. etc.) should be placed in a way that is appealing in order to urge the consumers to buy. This research will examine the different store layouts and shelf-spacing techniques and importance for retailers. In addition, this research will study the purchase intention and the purchase preferences of both males and females individually. Moreover, this research will observe the relationship between shelf-spacing and the purchase intention of males and females respectively.
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    Financial Ratios as Predictors of Failure
    (Copyright © 2019 MSA University. All Rights Reserved., 2019) Ahmed Abdul-Aziz, Sara; El-Sayed Ismael, Mohamed; Medhat, Shady; Khaled Zaki, Ahmed
    In light of recent events that have taken place, the importance of knowing the financial position of banks is imperative to stakeholders. There is a major dearth of literature that examines the applicability of Altman’s Z-score model to forecasting banking failures. The focus of this study is to confirm the validity of Altman’s Z-score model as a predictor of failures. This requires two data sets: failed and non-failed banks. Four distressed banks were benchmarked to four comparable control banks. Ratio analysis was carried out on the failed company’s financial statements for three years prior to their bankruptcy or nationalization as the Z-score model has predictive power of up to three years pre-bankruptcy. The empirical findings verified the predictive ability of the Z-score model to the company’s area.
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    Impact of asset tangibility and financial statement informativeness on financial leverage تأثير ملموس الأصول وبيانات القوائم المالية على الرافعة المالية
    (October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Mohamed, Zeyad; Ehab, Dina; Hossam, Aida; Mustafa, Souhaila; Reda, Mohamed
    objective of this paper is to clarify how both of the financial statement informativeness and asset tangibility affect the financial leverage. To obtain such an objective, a statistical program called SPSS is used. The sample taken is mainly concentrating on using 50 financial statements of the 10 main construction companies in Egypt during the period from 2013-2017 listed in the stock market exchange. The informativeness is being measured by all of the balance sheet financial informativeness, income statement financial informativeness and also financial ratios financial informativeness then, asset tangibility is measured by fixed assets to total assets ratio. The leverage is measured by long-term debt ratio to shareholders’ equity. The results are that there is a negative insignificant relationship between the financial leverage and NWC, there is positive insignificant relationship between the financial leverage and EBIT, there is a positive significant relationship between the financial leverage and AE, and there is a negative insignificant relationship between the financial leverage and AT. The limitations or difficulties faced are concluded in the small sample size and period plus the non-availability of rich financial data about the companies in the other sectors such as telecommunication sector, so the concentration became only on the construction sector. Summary: الهدف من هذه الورقة هو توضيح كيف تؤثر كل من معلوماتية البيانات المالية وملاءمة الأصول على الرافعة المالية. للحصول على هذا الهدف ، يتم استخدام برنامج إحصائي يسمى SPSS. تركز العينة المأخوذة بشكل أساسي على استخدام 50 بيانًا ماليًا من شركات المقاولات العشر الرئيسية في مصر خلال الفترة من 2013-2017 المدرجة في البورصة. تقاس المعلوماتية بكل المعلومات المالية للميزانية العمومية ، والمعلومات المالية لبيان الدخل والبيانات المالية للبيانات المالية ، ثم تقاس مدى ملاءمة الأصول حسب الأصول الثابتة إلى إجمالي الأصول. يتم قياس الرافعة المالية بنسبة الدين الطويل الأجل إلى حقوق المساهمين. والنتيجة هي أن هناك علاقة سلبية ضئيلة بين الرافعة المالية والمجلس الوطني العراقي ، وهناك علاقة إيجابية ضئيلة بين الرافعة المالية و EBIT ، وهناك علاقة كبيرة إيجابية بين الرافعة المالية و AE ، وهناك علاقة سلبية ضئيلة الرافعة المالية و AT. يتم الانتهاء من القيود أو الصعوبات التي تواجهها في حجم وفترة العينة الصغيرة بالإضافة إلى عدم توفر بيانات مالية غنية عن الشركات في القطاعات الأخرى مثل قطاع الاتصالات ، وبالتالي أصبح التركيز فقط على قطاع البناء
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    The impact of audit committee characteristics on firm performance and earning quality
    (October university for modern sciences and arts, 2019) Ashraf, Aya; Atef, Omneia; Mostafa, Heba; Shehab, Kirollos
    The current study examines the effect of audit committee characteristics on both firm performance and earning quality. A sample of 25 companies listed in Egyptian stock exchange (EGX 30) in 2016 and 2017 are used. Firm’s financial statements and board of directors’ reports are used to collect data from measuring variables. The descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation and regression analysis are used to test the research hypothesis. The study found that the size of audit committee has a significant negative impact on firm performance measured by ROA. However, it failed to find a significant effect for the other audit committee characteristics on firm performance & earnings quality
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    The impact of audit committee characteristics on firm performance and earning quality
    (October university for modern sciences and arts, 2019) Ashraf, Aya; Atef, Omneia; Mostafa, Heba; Shehab, Kirollos
    The current study examines the effect of audit committee characteristics on both firm performance and earning quality. A sample of 25 companies listed in Egyptian stock exchange (EGX 30) in 2016 and 2017 are used. Firm’s financial statements and board of directors’ reports are used to collect data from measuring variables. The descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation and regression analysis are used to test the research hypothesis. The study found that the size of audit committee has a significant negative impact on firm performance measured by ROA. However, it failed to find a significant effect for the other audit committee characteristics on firm performance & earnings quality.
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    The impact of Audit Quality on Agency Cost An empirical study on construction sector
    (Copyright © 2019 MSA University. All Rights Reserved., 2019) Kamel Okasha, Abdelrahman; Ashraf, Mostafa; Alaa, Mohamed
    Purpose- This study aimed to empirically examine the impact of audit quality on the agency cost. Design/methodology/approach- The secondary data collected from the financial statements and annual reports of 10 companies in the construction sector listed in the Egyptian stock exchange market from 2014 until 2018. The data were from investing, Mubasher Egypt and official websites of the companies. The independent variable audit quality was measured by dummy variable if the auditor from the Big Four or zero otherwise, the dependent variable agency cost proxied by asset utilization ratio turnover, leverage measured by total liabilities divided by total assets, and the firm size measured by natural log of total assets. Variables were analyzed using the descriptive, correlation and regression analysis using of SPSS. Findings- The study provided evidence of a positive significant impact of audit quality on assets utilization. Firm growth is found to have a significant positive effect on agency costs. However, the study failed to find a significant effect for firm’s leverage on the utilization of its assets.