Faculty Of Pharmacy Graduation Project 2018 - 2019

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Anti-diabetic Activity of Plants Belong to family Lythraceae (RS 502)(RSPG2.9)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Abd El-Samie, Hebat allah; Ali Mohamed, Noran; Ramadan Darwish, Salwa; Elsayed mohammed, Tasneem
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder which occurs due to deficiency of insulin leading to hyperglycemia with serious complications. So controlling blood glucose level is essential however synthetic drugs lead to serious adverse effect especially during pregnancy. So it has become our interest to find natural plant sources with similar antidiabetic activity but with lower side effect compared to synthetic drugs. Many plants belong to family Lythraceae have been previously reported for their antidiabetic activity due to their high phenolic content which have been reported to have antioxidant activity and the onset of diabetes is related to the increased oxidative stress. In view of this fact, a lot of Lythraceous plants have become our interest to estimate its in vitro antidiabetic activity and trying to find about the plant extract with the highest activity in order to investigate its in vivo antihyperglycemic effect. Ammannia aegyptiaca Willd. showed the highest pancreatic lipase, α- amylase and β-glucosidase inhibitory effect. In addition, it showed the highest free radical scavenging activity on (DPPH) and (ORAC) assay with the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Experimenting on animals has been one of the effective strategies to develop new drugs, thus the in vivo antihyperglycemic effect was evaluated for the EtOH extract of this plant in STZ/HFD-induced diabetic male albino Wistar rats. Where, EtOH extract showed significant antihyperglycemic effect and its metabolic profiling was studied using LC-MS.
Anti-obesity activity of the aqueous extract of Moringa Olifera herbal teas family Moringaceae (RSPB2.1)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Hesham, Ahmed; Sayed, Huda; Salah, Martha; Ibrahim, Mohamed
Obesity is a serious condition in which body fats are excessively accumulate in the body and associated with several comorbidities like diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and osteoarthritis. Moringa olifera is a traditional herbal medicine for treatment of conditions like arthritis, constipation, hypertension. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-obesity and antihypercholesterolemic effect of the aqueous extract of Moringa olifera herbal teas as Moringa olifera alone and in combination with lemon and Mentha in a high fat diet induced obesity in rats. Adult male rats were completely randomized in ten groups each compromising six rats. The first group was kept on the normal rodent chow for three months but the rest of groups were kept on a high fat diet for two months. Group number 2 represent obese group, group number 3 was assigned as high fat diet group (HFD), group number 4 represent standard simvastatin treated group (SD) and from group 5 to 10 treated with Moringa olifera aqueous extract, these groups received medicine in different doses and preparations. mRNA expression of FAS was significantly high in HFD group compared to control and significantly decreased in all treated groups. Moringa lemon (ML) 400mg showed prominent effect compared to simvastatin groups. Also, mRNA expression of PPAR alpha was significantly reduced in HFD compared to control and significantly increased in all treated groups. In conclusion, study provides evidence that the aqueous extracts of Moringa olifera and its combinations have antiobesity effect.
ANTI-OBESITY ACTIVITY OF THE AQUOEUS EXTRACT OF MORINGA OLIFERA HERBAL TEAS FAMILY MORINGACEAE (RSPG2.6)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Ahmed Elfawal, Alaa; Gamal Rabea, Elbadry; Mohamed Elsied, Mrehan; Adel Mohamed, Noha
Obesity is a serious disease, means specifically to have an abnormal high proportion of fat, It is a common complex, multifactorial dependent and largely preventable disease. This metabolic disease results from lack of physical activity, excessive eating, gall stone, frequency of pregnancy, physiological factors or it may be inherited. If it left untreated it may lead to serious complications such as cardiovascular, lung diseases, arthritis and cancer. Nowadays people tend to replace conventional methods of treatment including drugs and surgeries with herbal medicine due to its effective cost and reduced side effects. One of the effective herbal plants is Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae).The aim of this study is to conduct a phytochemical investigation of aqueous extracts of M. oleifera herbal teas as M. oleifera alone, M. oleifera with lemon peels and M. oleifera with Mentha leaves. In addition to evaluate their anti-obesity and antihypercholesterolemic activities in a high fat diet induced obesity model in rats. Chromatographic analyses using LC-ESI-MS-MS apparatus revealed that the common major compounds found in M. oleifera alone, M. oleifera with lemon peels and M. oleifera with Mentha leaves extracts were Quercetin , Spiraeoside and L-Phenylalanine. This in vivo study was tested using daily oral doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg for 1 month and compared to Simvastatin. All extracts possessed a good antiobesity activity.
Antihyperglycemic activity evaluation and chemical profiling of edible pericarps of phaseolus vulgaris L (RSPHO 1.1)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Kasban Amen, Abanoub; Safwat Moussa, Amira; Walied Hassan, Dina; Abdelnasser, Maryam
Diabetes is considered a serious metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to absolute insulin deficiency or complete destruction of pancreatic beta cells (Type 1 diabetes) and beta cells receptors resistance (Type 2 DM). Diabetes complications are peripheral vascular diseases, coronary vascular diseases and sexual dysfunction. Conventional drugs cause adverse effects and have high cost. Nowadays, herbal drugs are used due to their natural origin and affordable cost. The study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of phaseolusvulgare L pericarps. Diabetes was induced through a single IP injection of 55 mg /kg of STZ and rats was randomly divided into 6 groups each contain 6 rats Group 1: Normal control (received saline), Group 2: Diabetic control, Group 3: Diabetic group received standard drug glibenclamide (600 ug /kg P.O.) , Group 4: Diabetic group received non polar fraction of phaseolus vulgaris extract (200 mg P.O.), Group 5: Diabetic group received MSCs ( 106 cell /rat IP ) and Group 6 : Diabetic group received both NPF phaseolus vulgaris and MSCs. Phaseolus vulgaris significantly decreases glucose level , MDA, cholesterol and TGs (P<0.005) and significantly increases insulin level , Nitric oxide (NO) and HDL (P<0.005).While stem cells group significantly decreases glucose level, MDA (P<0.005) and slight decrease in cholesterol and no significant decrease in TGs .Combined group shows low glucose & MDA level and increase in insulin , nitric oxide and HDL level . The study showed that NPF phaseolus vulgaris (200mg /kg), stem cells and combined have antidiabetic activity.
Antihyperglycemic activity evaluation and chemical profiling of the edible pericarps of Phaseolus vulgaris L (RSPG2.2)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Tarek Farouk, Asmaa; Mohamed Hussein, Bassant; Mohammed Mohammed, Doaa; Saber Rabei, Ebtehal
The objective of our study is to find a scientific evidence for the traditional use of Phaseolus vulgaris L. In addition, to evaluate the effect of the combination between the plant extract and mesenchymal cells on type I diabetes. The social importance of diabetes mellitus is due to its significant spread in addition to its serious complications. Medicinal plants derived from different traditional systems are now excessively investigated for their effectiveness to facilitate the course of diabetes and its complications. One of such plants is Phaseolus vulgaris L. This plant was used in traditional medicine, for the treatment of diabetes and its complications. The in vivo antihyperglycemic effect was evaluated by using the polar and non-polar fractions of the 95% ethanol extract of the dried powder of P. vulgaris pericarps. In STZ-induced diabetic rats, the fractions were administered daily for 28 days using the oral route in the dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w. Another experiment was conducted in STZ-diabetic rats in which the non-polar fraction was tested again at its effective dose 200 mg/kg alone and in combination with intraperitoneal injection of bone marrow derived mesenchymal cells (1000.000 cells/rat i.p). The secondary metabolites of both P. vulgaris pods’ fractions the polar and non-polar fractions were analyzed using LC-MS/MS analysis to have a full picture of their composition. The non-polar fraction at 200 mg/kg showed the highest activity as it caused maximal reduction of serum glucose, total cholesterol, total triglycerides, and a significant increase in serum insulin and high density lipoprotein (HDL). The antidiabetic effect of the non-polar fraction of P. vulgaris was highly augmented when injected in combination with the mesenchymal cells. Our work provides a scientific base for the antidiabetic effect of Phaseolus vulgaris L. pericarps which is mainly attributed to its insulin secretagogue effect.
Assessment of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer Patients (Incidence, Risk Factors, and Prevention) (RS502) (RSPL2.1)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Hesham Fawzy, Lojaine; Akmal El kilany, Nada; Hassan Mahdy, Shrouk; Mohamed Negm, Ibrahim
Background: Anthracycline-based chemotherapy has played a significant role in the treatment of various breast cancer stages with reduced rates of both relapse and mortality. However their benefits have been limited due to their adverse events ranging from myelosuppression to well-established risk of cardiotoxicity. Aim: Investigate the correlation between incidence of cardiotoxicity and risk factors in breast cancer patients treated with Anthracyclines and outline current strategies for prevention of Anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity. Subjects and Method: 60 breast cancer patients, (stages II&IIIA), with age ranging from 30 to 65 years, newly diagnosed and scheduled for chemotherapy .Our study population were classified into group 1 (30 patients receiving Anthracycline-based chemotherapy) and group 2( 30 patients receiving Trastuzumab combined with anthracycline-based chemotherapy). Parameters to be measured: ejection fraction, blood pressure, body mass index, and baseline heart rate to record any case of Heart Failure (HF) following anthracyclines treatment. Results: The main comorbidities related to cardiotoxicity among study population were hypertension (44%), diabetes (31%), obesity (90%), and age above 55 years (48%). Baseline ejection fraction recorded for all patients ranges from (42% to 76%). (26 patients) had already diastolic dysfunction grade 1, but only (4 patients) had a substandard ejection fraction. (13 patients) had changes in chemotherapy regimen based on ejection fraction. Group (1) was associated with a HF incidence rate (6.7%) compared to group (2) having significantly increased HF incidence rate (20%). Conclusions: Group (2) had a significant increased incidence of cardiotoxicity. Our study,among previous studies, shed a light about routine echocardiography prior to anthracycline therapy and might eventually lead to current practice guidelines modifications.
The association of genetic variants with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Egyptian population (RSPB2.3)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Ateya Fahem, Madonna; Raouf Fawzy, Maged; Sabry Aziz, Michael; Ahmed Mohammed, Mirna
Diabetes is a disorder in carbohydrate metabolism, and has no ability to produce insulin, thus maintaining appropriate levels of glucose in the blood. Insulin is secreted by beta cells that are located inside the pancreas called carrots from the role of Langerhans.its is to stimulate cells to eat glucose until cells use this sugar-generating energy. Diabetics may have dysfunctional beta cells, leading to reduced insulin secretion or insulin-resistant muscle cells because cells cannot eat glucose. In both cases it will increase glucose in the blood, causing high blood sugar. Blood glucose may accumulate and excrete excess sugar levels in the urine. Because high levels of glucose in the urine, the amount of water excreted will increase, causing high urine volume and frequent urination, as well as feeling hungry and thirsty, also sweetened with honey, "itching, weakness, weight loss. The first type of diabetes, known as insulin-dependent diabetes, usually comes in childhood Type 2 diabetes, called insulin-dependent diabetes, occurs more after the age of forty and more common with increasing age Most cases of diabetes Type II is more common than type 1 diabetes 90% of all cells are strongly linked to obesity, and diabetes is linked to the transformation of genes called KCNQ1, which plays a major role in re-polarization, which is part of the ability to work in muscle tissue. , Suggesting that this vulnerability may be behind the sensitivity to diabetes provided by the allele.The genetic mutation in SNPS (228,328 rupees and 2237,897 rupees) is caused by KCNQ1. Another gene is KCNJ11, which plays a role in the regulation of hormone secretion, for example: insulin , In beta cells. Genetic polymorphisms in this gene have been shown to be associated with increased risk of T2DM. The study is designed to detect risk factors (genetic and non-genetic) that predict the outcome of T2DM and related complications. Peripheral blood samples were collected from diabetics and natural persons. The study was conducted on 60 people. 30 control and 30 diabetes. The blood was collected after taking their consent. We will estimate the level of blood glucose and lipid form by the spectrophotometer and also use PCR technique and serialization method to determine the genetic variables in the KcnQ & KcnJ11 gene
Chromatographic quantification of drug residues in food of animal origin RS-502 (RSPAC 2-6)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Shaheer Asaad, Madonna; Ayman Emile, Mariam; Badr Amin, Marina; Ahmed Mohamed, Pakinam
Nowadays, livestock marketed products represent forty percent of the daily diet. Meanwhile, veterinary drugs are also widely used for diverse intentions, including maintaining health and improving feed efficiency of animals. However, the most used class of veterinary drugs is antibiotics including Trimethoprim (TMP) and Sulfadiazine (SDZ). The overdosing or the sudden stop of these agents causes the accumulation of drug residue in different animal. Subsequently, consumption of livestock products containing such residues may impose negative effects on human health. Consequently, the present work is devoted to the development of sensitive HPLC-UV methods for the quantitative estimation of TMP and SDZ in chicken muscles. In method 1; the drugs were extracted using methanol. Chromatographic separation was accomplished on a C18 column and mobile phase of water: ethanol (90: 10 v/v) pH = 5.5 using 0.1N acetic acid. The UV detection was at 230 nm and 280 nm for TMP and SDZ, respectively. The method was linear in the range of 0.5-50 μg/mL and 0.5-60 μg/mL for TMP and SDZ, respectively. In method 2 (Micellar Chromatography); 0.1 M SDS was used to extract the two drugs. Chromatographic separation was performed on Xterra C18 column and mobile phase composed of 0.1M SDS: acetonitrile (90: 10 v/v) pH = 5.5 with 0.1 N citric acid. The UV detection was 254 nm. The developed method was linear in the range of 0.5-100 μg/mL for both drugs. The obtained recoveries in the spiked chicken samples were found satisfactory. The developed HPLC-UV methods were validated in accordance to the ICH guidelines proving the methods to be accurate, precise and selective.
Design of novel potential protease inhibitors for the treatment of HIV (RSPHC2.2)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Ahmed Ali, Ramla; Mohamed Ahmed, Aya; Khaled Farouk, Lamiaa; Ibrahim El-Sayed, Nada
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a serious infection that progressively destructs the human immune system. Protease enzyme is a very important enzyme in the life cycle of the HIV and its replication. The Protease inhibitors are classified as one of the important classes in HIV treatment as they decrease the protease enzyme of the HIV. However, they have shown a risk in causing insulin resistance and leading to diabetes mellites due to their high affinity to GLUT4. Consequently, we tried to design novel protease inhibitors that have reduced affinity to GLUT4 and exhibit low incidence of insulin resistance. For such design to be developed, computer-based drug design methods were used. Using MOE program, the protease enzyme was primarily docked in itself for validation and then protease inhibitors were docked in it to observe the energy values and interactions. Then, protease inhibitors were docked in GLUT4 homology model -created on SwissModel- to explore their interactions with it and to identify interactions responsible for binding to GLUT4 causing insulin resistance. For the lead optimization step Darunavir and Ritonavir were chosen. In Darunavir, N38 was changed into C38 and a pentane ring was attached to 018. For Ritonavir, the N5 was changed to $5. These changes lead to significant variation in the affinity of the drugs to both protease enzyme and GLUT4, increasing the affinity to protease enzyme and decreasing it to GLUT4.
Design, synthesis and biological activity of phenolic derivatives of oat active constituents (RSPOC 2.2)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Salah Mokhtar, Radwa; Mahmoud Mohamed, Sara; Ali El sayed, Sarah; Ibrahim Salama, Yasmena
aCaffeic aacid is a aphenolic acompound awhich acan aoccur anaturally in aplants asuch as aoat, afruit ,avegetable and acoffee abean and acan abe aobtained by aextraction amethod from it or be asynthesized by atwo aroutes afirst athe areaction of aHorner–Wadsworth–Emmons(HWE) 4 aThe asecond aachieves aKnoevenagel and aaldol ashortenings. aIt ahas a avariety of aactivity asuch aas aantimicrobial , aanti-inflammatory , aanti-viral , aantioxidant and aanticancer aactivity. It is amainly aused in the aester form to give the aanticancer aactivity asuch as acaffeic acid phenyl ester (CAPE) 1 in the form of aester, it acan treat many atypes of acancer such as alung ,acolon , aprostate, aleukemia and amelanoma , ait aacts as antioxidant by atwo amechanisms afree Aradical ascavengers and asometimes as metal chelators and as aanticancer by ainhibiting the anucleotide aturn over Asalvage pathway , addition of aperoxide to alipid, astrand of DNA abreak, adivisions of protein and it ainhibits 5-lipoxygenase aenzyme by a awhole anon-competitive mechanism 3 aOur aim is to adesign new aderivatives of acaffeic acid, asynthesis of derivative of acaffeic aacid and atest the abiological aactivity of the anewly synthesized acompounds against acancer acell alines. aCaffeic aamide aderivatives were aexpected to be asynthesized athrough aformation of the aacid achloride ausing POCl3 afollowed by aamide aformation awith the ahelp of the arespective aamine. Due to the ainsolubility aof the aformed caffeic acid achloride another aamethod was devised using DCC to adirectly aacouple the aamine with caffeic acid.4-hydroxyanaline, P-toluidine, Cyclohexyl amine and M-toluidine amines used to asynthesis adifferent amide aderivatives of caffeic acid which achemopreventive anti-tumor aagents.
Design, synthesis and biological activity of semisynthetic phenolic acid analogues (RSPOC 2.5)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Samy Moris, Mena; Khaled Ragheb, Bassant; Mohamed Abdel Hady, Eman; Ismail Saeid, Mohamed
Ferulic acid (4- hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid) is derived from natural source, consequently it has low Toxicity. It is one of the most abundant phenolic acids in plants. Ferulic acid has shown anticancer activity in various types of cancers. Large amounts of hydrogen peroxide are produced and secreted by tumour cells, which are responsible for spreading and invasion of the tumour. Anti-cancer activity of Ferulic Acid is related to its antioxidant property by inhibition of oxidative enzyme, enhancement of cytoprotective enzymes and acting as free radical scavenger. Ferulic acid structure has phenolic ring which act as free radical scavenger by its hydrogen donating ability. The presence of p-hydroxyl groups in aromatic ring, meta methoxy group and conjugated double bond are essential for activity. The aim of the project is to design and synthetize ferulic acid derivatives with potential anticancer activity. The amide derivatives of ferulic acid were synthetized by the reaction between ferulic acid and the different amines using DCC and THF. Purification of the compounds was done using column chromatography which is conducted by the pharmacognosy department and characterization was done using IR spectroscopy and proton NMR. Compounds were screened for anticancer activity against caco cell lines where they showed a significant anticancer activity.
Drug Prescribing Pattern in Intensive Care Unit of Al-Moalmeen Hospital in Egypt (RSPL2.6) (RS 501)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Yahia Abas, Ahmed; Mansour Boraik, Noran; Mohamed Nagy, Omar; Mohamed Hussien, Samah
Background: The intensive care unit is a special setting in hospitals where patients with severe, life-threating conditions are admitted, these patients mostly suffer from serious infections among other conditions which increases the mortality, morbidity and cost of hospitalization. The presented study was conducted to assess the drug utilization pattern mostly concerning the antibiotics prescription in the ICU. Aim is to Assess the treatment outcome specially for different combined therapies used for the treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections in the ICU and degree of improvement and period of staying in the ICU. Materials and Methods Retrospective study conducted in Intensive Care Unit of Al-Moalmeen Hospital. Analysis conducted on 54 cases admitted to ICU in six months. The data included: Age, Diagnosis, Vital signs, Treatment plan, and the outcome. APACHE Score was used to measure disease severity. Inclusion criteria: Patients with gram-negative bacteria infection from sputum, blood, and urine cultures. Exclusion criteria: Patients with Glasgow coma scale less than 9, End-stage metastatic malignant cancer patients, patients with APACHE II score more than 34, ventilated patients upon admission. The data analyzed by performing statistics on “Graph Pad Prism”. Results: Total 54 cases showed 62-gram negative bacteria cultures; 9 blood, 28 urine and 15 sputum cultures, also 10 swabs. These 62-cultures showed 31 cases E-coli, 14 cases klebsiella, 11 pseudomonas, and 6 cases Acinetobacter. 40 out 62 microorganisms treated with monotherapy including (Meronem/Forutm/Maixpime/Rocephin/Tazocin). 22 out 62 microorganisms treated with combined therapy including (Meropenem/Tavanic, Meronem/Ciprofloxacin, Meronem/Tigacylcine, Maxipime / Tavanic, Colistin/Gentamycin, and Ciprofloxacin /Amikin). Treatment with antibiotics monotherapy and combined therapy, empirical and targeted antibiotics therapy and Meronem antibiotic monotherapy and combined therapy didn’t show significant differences regarding mortality and survival rates.
The Effect of a Novel PDE5 Inhibitor (RF2) on Impaired Memory in Mice (RSPB 2.5)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Ahmed Noaman, Esraa; Salah Hussein, Hazem; Mohamed Farouk, Moustafa; Muhammed Abd-ElNaeem, Maryam
Neuroinflammation is a result of liberating proinflammatory mediators and thus, loss of neuronal structure and function due to the activation of resting microglia and astrocytes. The aim was to study the effect of a new phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, RF2 on neuroinflammation. Sildenafil was used as a positive control. Methods: The study comprised six groups of mice (n=6). LPS 0.8mg/kg i.p. was used for the induction of neuroinflammation. Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Y-maze were used for the assessment of the mice memory to determine the extent of damage/healing caused by the inflammation/treatment. Later the mice were anaesthetized, sacrificed, their brains collected and divided into hemispheres. The first was sliced and used for hematoxylin & eosin stain and nissl stain to determine the extent of damage to the brain and immunostaining for amyloid bodies and COX expression. The biochemical assays were done on the hippocampal homogenates. These assays were included IL-1β assay and MDA assay to determine the extent of damage. Results: The MWM and Y-maze showed an improvement caused by RF2 similar to that caused by sildenafil. Hematoxylin & eosin stain and nissl stain showed that the neuronal and tissue damage decreased significantly upon the application of RF2. Also, the slides showed decreased expression of amyloid proteins and increased expression of COX enzyme. IL-1β and MDA showed decreased significantly upon the administration of RF2. Conclusion: The study concluded that RF2 possess significant anti-inflammatory effects and that in can be used as an adjuvant therapy in cases of neurodegeneration.
THE EFFECT OF MODULATION OF RNA EXPRESSION ON MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (RSPHO8.2)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Mohamed Alaa, Amr; Selim Ahmed, Ayman; Ammar AlBarazi, Bana; Yehia AlWais, Shahd
Myocardial infarction (MI) is myocardial cell death due to severe and prolonged ischemia produced from atherosclerosis-related coronary artery disease. MI triggers a cascade of events and reparative phases end with myocardial cell necrosis. MicroRNA (miR) is non-coding single stranded RNA that regulates protein expression. miR-103 is used to regulate expression of Fas- associated death domain (FADD) which decreases necroptosis of ischemic myocardium. The study aims to investigate the modulatory effect of regulating mRNAs translation processes of myocardial infarction induced with Isoprenaline HCL 100 mg/kg (ISO) by injecting miR-103 inhibitor. Eighteen mice (15-25 gm) were allocated into three groups; Group A (control) received normal saline, Group B received ISO and Group C received ISO and miR-103 inhibitor. Mice were scarified by cervical dislocation under urethane anesthesia. Blood and hearts samples were collected for biochemical analysis of miR103, FADD, RIPK, IL-6 and Troponin-I. In addition, hearts were used for histopathological examination. Results showed that administration of miR-103 antagomir leads to increase in FADD protein levels in group C compared to group B. While miR-103, RIPK, and IL-6 showed high levels of expression in group B that is attenuated in group C. cardiac troponin-I also supported the previous results. Histopathological test showed normal histological structure in groups A and C while focal degeneration in myocardium in B. Accordingly, these results indicate a promising suppression of MI manifestations upon inhibition of miR-103.
Enhancement of Eplerenone Dissolution Rate via Sonoprecipitation: Formulation, Evaluation, Analysis and Stability Testing (RSPT2.5)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Saied Ahmed Elnaggar, Sally; Mahmoud Saleh, Fatma; Ayman Sabry, Mayar; Abdalla Omran, Mona
Eplerenone is a selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. It is used as an oral antihypertensive drug, it has very low solubility in water as according to (BCS) it belongs to Class II. This study aims to improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble eplerenone by using sonoprecipitation technique to increase the dissolution rate. Improving solubility of eplerenone is done by making eplerenone sonocrystal formulation to form a uniform and spherical shape of microcrystals using probe sonicator, followed by evaluation of the prepared sonocrystals by particle size measurement using zetasizer, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) to determine the interaction between stabilizers (Poloxamer 188 and polyethylene glycol 6000) and drug sonocrystals, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to observe the changes occurred in eplerenone during spherical formulation process while X-ray diffraction (XRD) to obtain diffraction patterns for eplerenone, physical mixture, and formulations. The determination of drug content for the prepared soncrocrystal formulations was also performed. In addition, the drug release of the prepared formulae was studied and compared to pure eplerenone by in vitro dissolution. Results show that particle size range from 132nm to 455nm, FTIR and DSC shows that there’s no interaction between stabilizers and drug sonocrystals while XRD indicates the change of the drug into amorphous leading to increase the solubility, the dissolution rate was improved for all the formulations when compared with pure eplerenone. Therefore, it is concluded that the sonoprecipitation technique could be a useful technique to improve the solubility of eplerenone with a reduction in particle size, and enhanced dissolution properties.
Formulation and characterization of novel supermagnetic solid lipid nanostructure lipid carrier in situ nasal gel for Zolmitriptan brain targeting (RS501 PT2.8)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Mohamed Gamal, Ahmed; Mohamed Mahmoud, Hossam; Ahmed Abd El-Khalek, Nada; Khaled Ahmed Mohamed, Sohila
Nanotechnology development started from 20th century. It has the ability to deliver a small molecular weight drugs also the ability to targeting to cells and tissues by macromolecules such as genes, peptides and proteins. A lot of problems are solved by the use of nanotechnology like lipophilic drugs by formulating them as nanoparticles, poorly soluble drugs by decreasing the drug reactions and improving bioavailability. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are defined as colloidal particles which is characterized by small particle size, ability to change surface properties and large surface area that facilitates the bioavailability of poorly water soluble molecules also improving the penetration of the drug into the skin and providing the stability. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are a special type of NPs that is characterized by high magnetic susceptibility which validate it to be used in biomedical application. The particle size should be small and the MNPs must have a high magnetization to facilitate its motion in the blood vessels with an external magnetic field. Zolmitriptan is a selective serotonin receptor agonist which is effective in reducing migrane symptoms. The purpose of the study is to prepare supermagnetic solid lipid nanostructure lipid carrier of Zolmitriptan to enhance its bioavailability and to develop SLNs containing Zolmitriptan. The objectivities are achieving maximum bioavailability, achieving better solubility and achieving controlled sustained release of the drug. In this study, 6 formulas were prepared with different ratios and were evaluated for their particle size with a range of (205.8_ 469.5 d.nm) and zeta potential with a range of (-14.0_ -20 mv) and the entrapment efficiency were (58%_55%).Formula number 4 were the best as it had the slowest release.
Improving dermal delivery of the ketoconazole via loading into bilosomal vesicles (RSPT2.21)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Fouad Saoud, Abdelhalim; Essam El Din Abd El Monem, Eslam; Abdelkhalek Badr, Mohamed; Hossam Abomandor, Mohamed
The advancement in nanotechnologies issued an improvement in its application in medicine as well which is why this prospective study aims to encapsulate a medication called ketoconazole which is insoluble in water and anti-mycotic drug into a new nano- vesicles called bilosomes for attaining enhanced dermal delivery. The bilosomes is formulated from span 60, bile salt and cholesterol. In this study ketoconazole was loaded into bilosomes using a technique called ethanol injection method. As stated in 23 full factorial design that is to say eight formulations form B1 to B8. The examination of the effect of variable preparations variables on bilosomes characteristics and choice of the perfect preparation was done by the utilization of a program called Design Expert®. The chosen bilosomal preparation (B8 constitutes of 112.5 milligrams of span 60,37.5 milligrams of cholesterol and 40 milligrams of bile salt which is sodium cholate). Results has shown that the perfect preparation showed greater in vivo pass of the drug through the skin of the wistar rats while compared with the traditional nano vesicles like niosomes, and the suspension of this medication. Later on, in the histopathological, vivo skin studies done using male wistar rats has showed that the formulated bilosomal carrier is safe to be applied on the skin. Generally, the attained results established that bilosomal carrier could be a promising carrier for the skin delivery in the future.
In-Vitro Evaluation of Synergistic Effect of Quercetin on the Anticancer Activities of 5Fluorouracil In MDA.MB231 Breast Cancer Cell Line
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Mofeed Gerges, David; Maged Nasif, Ivodia; Khaled Mohamed, Lamis; Mahmoud Khalil, Salma
Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women which causes death among women in 140 of 184 countries worldwide and the second most common cancer overall. Breast cancer characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the mammary gland of the breast or in the ducts that deliver milk to the nipples. Several anticancer drugs are used in the treatment of breast cancer; 5-FU is a chemotherapeutic agent that inhibits thymidylate synthase enzyme, hence interferes with the formation of thymidylate from uracil which lead to inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis. Quercetin is one of the most powerful flavonoids for protecting the body from reactive oxygen species by increasing the function of antioxidants. It also inhibits both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase activities, so decreases the formation of inflammatory metabolites. MTT-based assay revealed that the IC50 of 5-FU and Quercetin were 90.5μM and 4.8 μM respectively after 24 hours against MDA.MB231 breast cancer cell line (Mariotto et al, 2017). Besides, by using Compusyn to calculate the combination index of 5-FU + Quercetin (<0.1) it revealed very strong synergism. According to flow cytometry results, 0.5 fold IC50 combinations showed strong synergism showing the possibility of 5-FU dose reduction while maintaining the cytotoxic effects by combining it with the natural product quercetin. These results were confirmed by flow cytometry for cell cycle analysis where the 0.5 IC50 combinations gave comparable effect to the IC50 5-FU causing cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. In conclusion, the study results showed that addition of Quercetin to 5-FU synergized their individual anticancer effect.
Molecular characterization of hypervirulent phenotype-associated traits among K. pneumoniae in Egypt (RSPM2.6)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Osama Omar, Abdallah; Ahmed Hassan EL-Gawish, Mai; Mostafa Mansour Emam, Mai; Mohamed Safwat, Yara
Background and Aim: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative and an enteric opportunistic bacterial pathogen. It includes classical (cKP) strains which cause hospital-acquired (HA) infections, particularly among immunocompromised patients, and hypervirulent (hvKP) strains that cause invasive community- acquired (CA) infections in immunocompetent individuals. The hvKP strains have been attributed to expression of hypermucoviscous phenotype. Recently, hvKP infections are progressively reported globally not only for CA infections but also for HA infections with increasing morbidity and mortality rates. This project aimed to study the prevalence of hypermucoviscous phenotype among clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae from hospitals in Egypt, and investigate the hypermucoviscosity related factors. Methods: The isolates were identified phenotypically by various biochemical tests and confirmed genotypically using a specific primer set. The hypermucoviscosity phenotype was detected by using string test. Eleven different genes that are potentially associated with the phenotypes of hypermucoviscosity and hypervirulence were investigated by PCR. The biogram antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated for the isolates against thirteen antimicrobial agents using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The isolates were tested by ERIC-PCR for fingerprinting. Statistical analysis was conducted using Chi-square. Results: According to string test, hypermucoviscous isolates were 40% of collected isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility study showed that 26% of hypermucoviscous isolates were MDR while 36% of non- hypermucoviscous isolates were MDR. The PCR assay results for Capsular serotype K2 gene showed that it is harbored by 68% of hypermucoviscous isolates while 7% only by non-hypermucoviscous isolates. Statistically there is no significant difference in all tested attributes between the cKP and hvKP isolates except for K2 gene. Conclusion: The antimicrobial resistance is not corresponded to the hypermucoviscosity phenotype. Resistance to carbapenems is a common feature among K. pneumoniae strains in Egypt. K2 gene is highly related to the hypermucoviscosity phenotype. This study show evidence that the hypermucoviscosity phenotype is not restricted only to the hypervirulent strains and consequently string test is a poor identification method for Hypervirulent variant especially in countries with low prevalence like Egypt.
Multifunction of gold nanoparticles loaded with radioactive iodine 131 for solid tumor imaging and treatment (RS502)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Osama Ali Ahmed Eliwa, Eslam; Ayman, Abdelwahab; Abdullah, Hager; Emad, Miriam
Cancer is one of the greatest threats worldwide. We will be discussing its definition, incidence, causes, types, mechanism, and methods of diagnosis & treatment. Nanotechnology is one of the newest fields in science. We will discuss the different types of nano-systems, their preparation and applications in various fields. Nanomedicine is described as the shining light that will help us increase diagnosis, imaging, organ and tissue regeneration and targeted drug delivery using quantum nanoparticle mechanics. Nanomedicine is an effective solution for cancer treatment due to providing the maximum possible killing efficacy of cancer cells with minimum side effects to normal healthy cells. Radio pharmacy is the field of radioactive nucleotides that deals with diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Nuclear pharmacy is the use of radiopharmaceuticals for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. There are various applications of radiopharmaceuticals

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