Faculty Of Pharmacy Graduation Project 2018 - 2019

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Validated Chromatographic Methods for Determination of Drugs in Edible Animal Tissues (RS502) (RSPAC2.4)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Samir Mohamed, Kholoud; Salah Eldin Ahmed, Mahmoud; Emad Eldin Mohamed, Nadeen; Ahmed Salah Eldin, Omar
Sensitive methods are considered to be essential in the analysis of drug residues in complex animal tissue matrices. The main hazard of such residues is the development of antimicrobial resistance that may be transferred to the consumers. Accordingly, the target of our project is mainly the development of validated, sensitive and simple chromatographic methods aiming for the determination of trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfadiazine (SDZ) in their pure forms and in residues of meat tissue. Two methods were developed and validated, through which a comparative study was performed. The first method is a RP- liquid chromatographic method while the second one is a miceller chromatographic method. Validation was performed according to the International Conference of Harmonization guidelines (ICH).Linearity of the studied drugs covered the range of 0.5-60 μg/mL for SDZ and 0.5-70 μg/mL for TMP by the first method and in the range of 0.5-100 μg/mL for both drugs using the second method. The developed methods showed good recovery, repeatability, and sensitivity. Moreover, high extraction efficiency was obtained without matrix interference in the extraction process and in the subsequent chromatographic determination. Statistical comparison of the obtained results compared with those of a reported method revealed good agreement and proved that there was no significant difference in the accuracy and precision between the reported and the two developed methods.
The Role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (RSPB2.8)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Eldosoki Nasr, Manar; Hassan Hussien, Hussien; Samah Gad, Marco; Hossam Shaker, Nada
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are considered as a small non-coding RNA which regulateexpression of gene by preventing the translation including destruction of specific mRNA.Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is characterized by inflammation, cardiomyocyteapoptosis, and cardiac necrosis that may develop heart failure. Necroptosis is a form ofregulated necrosis and is dependent on a signaling pathway involving receptor interactingprotein kinase (RIPK). Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) is a negativeregulator for necroptosis. MicroRNAs play a critical role in the pathogenesis ofcardiovascular diseases. 10 mice were randomly assigned into two groups: normal controlgroup and induction group by s.c injection of isoprenaline (100 mg/kg). Heart injury wasevaluated through the histological examination in heart tissue, in addition to thebiochemical assessment of troponin I. The levels of miRNA-103 in heart tissues weredetermined using based miRNA quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCRs). The following parameters were investigated for studying the possiblemechanisms of miRNA-103 in necrosis: FADD, RIPK and IL-6 (Interleukine-6). Theresults revealed that in AMI group miRNA 103 was significantly elevated while theexpression level of FADD was decreased, moreover RIPK and IL-6 were significantlyincreased. In exploring the molecular mechanism of miRNA 103 in AMI, The presentstudy provides new evidence showing that miRNA 103 up regulation through targetingFADD, resulting loss of FADD leads to resistance to apoptosis and cells undergonecroptosis instead. In conclusion, miR-103 might be considered a novel potentialbiomarkers for AMI and its modulation provide a new approach for preventing AMI.
THE EFFECT OF MODULATION OF RNA EXPRESSION ON MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (RSPHO8.2)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Mohamed Alaa, Amr; Selim Ahmed, Ayman; Ammar AlBarazi, Bana; Yehia AlWais, Shahd
Myocardial infarction (MI) is myocardial cell death due to severe and prolonged ischemia produced from atherosclerosis-related coronary artery disease. MI triggers a cascade of events and reparative phases end with myocardial cell necrosis. MicroRNA (miR) is non-coding single stranded RNA that regulates protein expression. miR-103 is used to regulate expression of Fas- associated death domain (FADD) which decreases necroptosis of ischemic myocardium. The study aims to investigate the modulatory effect of regulating mRNAs translation processes of myocardial infarction induced with Isoprenaline HCL 100 mg/kg (ISO) by injecting miR-103 inhibitor. Eighteen mice (15-25 gm) were allocated into three groups; Group A (control) received normal saline, Group B received ISO and Group C received ISO and miR-103 inhibitor. Mice were scarified by cervical dislocation under urethane anesthesia. Blood and hearts samples were collected for biochemical analysis of miR103, FADD, RIPK, IL-6 and Troponin-I. In addition, hearts were used for histopathological examination. Results showed that administration of miR-103 antagomir leads to increase in FADD protein levels in group C compared to group B. While miR-103, RIPK, and IL-6 showed high levels of expression in group B that is attenuated in group C. cardiac troponin-I also supported the previous results. Histopathological test showed normal histological structure in groups A and C while focal degeneration in myocardium in B. Accordingly, these results indicate a promising suppression of MI manifestations upon inhibition of miR-103.
The Effect of a Novel PDE5 Inhibitor (RF2) on Impaired Memory in Mice (RSPB 2.5)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Ahmed Noaman, Esraa; Salah Hussein, Hazem; Mohamed Farouk, Moustafa; Muhammed Abd-ElNaeem, Maryam
Neuroinflammation is a result of liberating proinflammatory mediators and thus, loss of neuronal structure and function due to the activation of resting microglia and astrocytes. The aim was to study the effect of a new phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, RF2 on neuroinflammation. Sildenafil was used as a positive control. Methods: The study comprised six groups of mice (n=6). LPS 0.8mg/kg i.p. was used for the induction of neuroinflammation. Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Y-maze were used for the assessment of the mice memory to determine the extent of damage/healing caused by the inflammation/treatment. Later the mice were anaesthetized, sacrificed, their brains collected and divided into hemispheres. The first was sliced and used for hematoxylin & eosin stain and nissl stain to determine the extent of damage to the brain and immunostaining for amyloid bodies and COX expression. The biochemical assays were done on the hippocampal homogenates. These assays were included IL-1β assay and MDA assay to determine the extent of damage. Results: The MWM and Y-maze showed an improvement caused by RF2 similar to that caused by sildenafil. Hematoxylin & eosin stain and nissl stain showed that the neuronal and tissue damage decreased significantly upon the application of RF2. Also, the slides showed decreased expression of amyloid proteins and increased expression of COX enzyme. IL-1β and MDA showed decreased significantly upon the administration of RF2. Conclusion: The study concluded that RF2 possess significant anti-inflammatory effects and that in can be used as an adjuvant therapy in cases of neurodegeneration.
The association of genetic variants with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Egyptian population (RSPB2.3)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Ateya Fahem, Madonna; Raouf Fawzy, Maged; Sabry Aziz, Michael; Ahmed Mohammed, Mirna
Diabetes is a disorder in carbohydrate metabolism, and has no ability to produce insulin, thus maintaining appropriate levels of glucose in the blood. Insulin is secreted by beta cells that are located inside the pancreas called carrots from the role of Langerhans.its is to stimulate cells to eat glucose until cells use this sugar-generating energy. Diabetics may have dysfunctional beta cells, leading to reduced insulin secretion or insulin-resistant muscle cells because cells cannot eat glucose. In both cases it will increase glucose in the blood, causing high blood sugar. Blood glucose may accumulate and excrete excess sugar levels in the urine. Because high levels of glucose in the urine, the amount of water excreted will increase, causing high urine volume and frequent urination, as well as feeling hungry and thirsty, also sweetened with honey, "itching, weakness, weight loss. The first type of diabetes, known as insulin-dependent diabetes, usually comes in childhood Type 2 diabetes, called insulin-dependent diabetes, occurs more after the age of forty and more common with increasing age Most cases of diabetes Type II is more common than type 1 diabetes 90% of all cells are strongly linked to obesity, and diabetes is linked to the transformation of genes called KCNQ1, which plays a major role in re-polarization, which is part of the ability to work in muscle tissue. , Suggesting that this vulnerability may be behind the sensitivity to diabetes provided by the allele.The genetic mutation in SNPS (228,328 rupees and 2237,897 rupees) is caused by KCNQ1. Another gene is KCNJ11, which plays a role in the regulation of hormone secretion, for example: insulin , In beta cells. Genetic polymorphisms in this gene have been shown to be associated with increased risk of T2DM. The study is designed to detect risk factors (genetic and non-genetic) that predict the outcome of T2DM and related complications. Peripheral blood samples were collected from diabetics and natural persons. The study was conducted on 60 people. 30 control and 30 diabetes. The blood was collected after taking their consent. We will estimate the level of blood glucose and lipid form by the spectrophotometer and also use PCR technique and serialization method to determine the genetic variables in the KcnQ & KcnJ11 gene
STUDY ON THE ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF PROBIOTICS RECOVERED FROM PRODUCTS IN THE EGYPTIAN MARKET (RSPM 2.1)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Ayman Mamoun Ibrahim, Amr; Mohammed Kamel Abdellatif mohamed, Ayah; Osama Abdel Tawab seoudi, Mariam; Ahmed Hassan Abo Elela Abd ElBary, Mariem
Probiotics have proven its efficacy in improving digestion, prevention of colon cancer and improving lactose intolerance. However, throughout the last decade the emerging crisis of antibiotic resistance arouse and threatened the use of probiotic, since their ability to act as reservoir for transferable antibiotic resistance genes. This study aims at identification and characterization of the transmissible antibiotic resistance genes in lactobacillus sp. isolated from products in the Egyptian Market. Twenty four dairy products were collected from factories, and milk shops then Lactobacillus sp. were isolated from samples on MRS agar. The antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was measured by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration against chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and erythromycin by microbroth dilution method. Twenty four Lactobacillus sp. isolates were recovered from samples including Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei. Lactobacillus sp. isolates showed highest resistance towards chloramphenicol followed by erythromycin and tetracycline. Tetracycline resistance was higher in dairy products from factories 33% (4/12) than those obtained from milk shops 30 % (3/10). The chloramphenicol resistance transferable gene (cat) was detected in (5/22) 22.7% of chloramphenicol resistant isolates; Transferable erythromycin resistance genes (ermB) and (ermC) genes were detected in (3/13) 23% and (6/13) 46.15 % of erythromycin resistant isolates. The prevalence of tetracycline resistance genes tet M, tet O, tet W, tet K, and tet L genes were 28.5%, 14.28%, 14.28%, 14.28 % and 14.28% and (int) genees responsible for transposon mediated transfer is detected accompanying (tetM) in L.casei isolated from raw cow milk , respectively. In conclusion, Lactobacillus sp. in Egyptian dairy products can act as a potential reservoir for antibiotic resistance gene which highlights the importance of screening these beneficial bacteria for antibiotic resistance and minimizing antibiotic consumption in dairy animals.
NATURAL HERBS FOR SKIN CARE
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Emad Elebrashy, Minnatallah; Heshanm Mohamed Gamal El-Din El-Taher, Nourhan; Gamal El din Mohamed Kiwan, Omnia; Gamal Adelsalam Mohamed Elgammal, Yomna
Aging is an inevitable process for all living organisms. During this process reactive oxygen species generation is increased which leads to the activation of hyaluronidase, collagenase and elastase, which can further contribute to skin aging. Therefore, the maintenance of antioxidant homeostasis is important strategies for skin anti-aging. Nature has an excellent anti-aging remedies that acts externally whereas internally to delay aging signs. In view of this fact, the present study investigates the in vitro anti-aging activity of 11 Egyptian medicinal plants belonging to phenolic rich families. The total phenolic contents of the aqueous and 95% ethanol extracts of the aerial parts of the tweleve plants were determined spectrophotometrically using Folin Ciocalteu reagent. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) showed the highest content (490.60 ± 0.55 and 470.88 ± 0.41 μg gallic acid equivalent/mg extract, respectively) followed by the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of green tea (467.30 ± 0.75 and 455.76 ± 0.49 μg gallic acid equivalent/mg extract, respectively). The inhibition capabilities of the extracts on tyrosinase, elastase, hyaluronidase and collagenase enzyme activities were determined using spectrophotometric methods. Our extracts showed significant inhibition of the tested enzymes. The ethanolic extract of Rosemary showed the highest inhibition activity for all enzymes (180.40±3.49, 45.5±1.69, 35.52± 2.18 and 210± 3.44 μg/mL, respectively). The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by ORAC and DPPH, were also determined where all the extracts showed significant results. The chemical composition of the most active extract was studied using LC-/MS analysis. Our herbs can restore skin elasticity and thereby slow the wrinkling process. In addition, Rosemary was studied for its anti-aging benefits as the aerial parts are rich in antioxidants. By using Rosemary ethanolic extract in various ratios a cream was prepared and characterized for its physical properties. The best formula was optimized which has been evaluated for anti-aging activity using animal models and the results were compared with the standard. The results showed that the cream formulation was found efficient. This shows that the Rosemary has a good anti-aging activity and do not showed any irritant effects on skin.
Preparing of Cyclodextrin Polymeric Nanoparticles for Enhancing Drug Bioavailability (RSPT2.3)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Mohamed Habib, Assem; Akmal Kamal, Rozana; Magdy Aziz, Mariam; Ahmed Khalifa, Salma
Rosuvastatin calcium is one of a statin medication, used to prevent cardiovascular disease in those at high risk and treat abnormal lipids. It is a poorly soluble drug with oral bioavailability 20% due to extensive first pass effect. The study aimed to formulate cyclo-dextrin loaded polyrotaxane nanoparticles loaded with Rosuvastatin Calcium to improve its solubility, efficacy and reduce side effects. The effects of polymers (PVP), cyclodextrin concentrations or their combinations at different polymers ratios on the drug solubility dissolution rate was studied. The Experimental studies: Polyrotaxane was prepared by dissolving drug, PVP and cyclodextrane all together. The mixture was cooled for 24 hour to allow precipitation of drug- polyrotaxane powder, then dried at at 40 oC for 24 hours. The dried powdered was weighted. The drug content of polyrotaxane was determined. 0.05 g of the prepared polyrotaxane was dissolved in 10 ml methanol, to guarantee complete drug solubility. The drug concentration was measured spectrophotometrically at wavelength 243nm. The dissolution test used to compare between the poorly soluble rosuvastatin drug and polyrotaxane. Differential scanning calorimetry test used to concern with the measurement of energy acquired or emitted by a sample of matter when it is heated or cooled. It also provides information about endothermic and exothermic processes. X- Ray powder diffraction is a technique that utilizes x- ray scattering pointed on crystals of powder to give identity and information about the crystalline structure. The Results: The powder weight was 2.8gm presents 22.85 % yield. Five mg of polyrotaxane contains 3.575 mg pure drug (71.5% drug loading and 1%.encapsulation efficiency. Polyrotaxane complex enhance both drug solubility and dissolution.
Nanoformulation and Pharmacological Evaluation of Antiaging Herbal Product(s) (Nanostructure lipid carrier, NLC) Part (RSPT 2.7)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Mohamed, Ahmed; Reda, Asim; Tarek, Manar; Yasser, Sara
Skin aging is a complex of biological process which affected by constant exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation with subsequent generation of reactive oxygen species leading to collagen deficiency and eventually skin wrinkling. Different techniques were reported for treatment; however the application of anti-aging creams is still the best choice among various treatment methods to their nourishing effect. Apart from that herbal formulation has widely demanded in the world market for its safety. In the present study lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are used in the formulation of anti-aging Citrus Sinensis (CS) cream due to its safety and biocompatibility of its lipid components. Eight different formulations of CS-LNPs were prepared and optimized using 2 3 full factorial designs. Three factors were evaluated drug concentration (X1), homogenization speed (X2) and nanoparticle type (X3). Different parameters were measured including; zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PDI), particle size, entrapment efficiency (EE %) and skin occlusion test. Morphological study by using scanning electron microscopes (SEM) confirms the nanometric size of the prepared formulations with spherical and smooth surface. It was suggested that the optimized formulation (F7) was found to have (245μm) particle size, (91.065%) Entrapment Efficiency, and (91.385) Occlusive effect. In vitro permeation study of the optimized formulation through synthetic membrane showed prolonged release of medication within 24 hrs. Finally, it can be concluded that the prepared anti-aging CS/NLC cream was safe, convenient, and effective carrier to deliver the herbal medication it also showed better penetration into the skin with a significant anti-aging effect thus it will be a promising product in skin care cosmetics.
NANO-FORMULATION AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF ANTI-AGING HERBAL PRODUCTS
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Akram El-Meligy, Mariam; Ishaq Bolis, Sara; Bahaa El-Dein, Sherine; Sameh Mahdy, Taghreed
Wrinkles are creases, folds, or ridges in the skin. After the age of 20, the skin begins to lose over time its elasticity, firmness and collagen fibers. Accordingly, wrinkles tend to occur in the areas of muscle contraction. Citrus sinensis L. belonging to family Rutaceae are widely consumed in Egypt. Citrus peels are the most important by-product of Citrus fruits. They are major sources of phenolics specially flavanones and their glycosides, which are a powerful natural antioxidant that may possess an anti-wrinkles activity. The aim of this project is to characterize the major metabolites in the 95% ethanolic extract of C. sinensis fruits peels and evaluate its antioxidant and anti-wrinkles activities. The HPLC analysis of the extract revealed that the major compounds were hesperidin and quercetin. The extract was characterized also via HPLC-MS-MS, the analysis revealed that sesamolinol and hesperidin were the major identified constituents. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using ORAC assay and the extract showed promising antioxidant activity. The in vitro anti-wrinkles activity of the extract was evaluated by screening their inhibitory activity on elastase and collagenase enzymes, the extract showed good inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 299.04 ug/ml and 188.6lug/ml respectively, which is close to the tested standards Elafin and EGCG (IC50 250.09 and 112.12 ug/ml). Thus, C. sinensis fruits peels extract can be used to develop a completely natural anti-aging herbal product with antioxidant
Multifunction of gold nanoparticles loaded with radioactive iodine 131 for solid tumor imaging and treatment (RS502)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Osama Ali Ahmed Eliwa, Eslam; Ayman, Abdelwahab; Abdullah, Hager; Emad, Miriam
Cancer is one of the greatest threats worldwide. We will be discussing its definition, incidence, causes, types, mechanism, and methods of diagnosis & treatment. Nanotechnology is one of the newest fields in science. We will discuss the different types of nano-systems, their preparation and applications in various fields. Nanomedicine is described as the shining light that will help us increase diagnosis, imaging, organ and tissue regeneration and targeted drug delivery using quantum nanoparticle mechanics. Nanomedicine is an effective solution for cancer treatment due to providing the maximum possible killing efficacy of cancer cells with minimum side effects to normal healthy cells. Radio pharmacy is the field of radioactive nucleotides that deals with diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Nuclear pharmacy is the use of radiopharmaceuticals for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. There are various applications of radiopharmaceuticals
Molecular characterization of hypervirulent phenotype-associated traits among K. pneumoniae in Egypt (RSPM2.6)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Osama Omar, Abdallah; Ahmed Hassan EL-Gawish, Mai; Mostafa Mansour Emam, Mai; Mohamed Safwat, Yara
Background and Aim: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative and an enteric opportunistic bacterial pathogen. It includes classical (cKP) strains which cause hospital-acquired (HA) infections, particularly among immunocompromised patients, and hypervirulent (hvKP) strains that cause invasive community- acquired (CA) infections in immunocompetent individuals. The hvKP strains have been attributed to expression of hypermucoviscous phenotype. Recently, hvKP infections are progressively reported globally not only for CA infections but also for HA infections with increasing morbidity and mortality rates. This project aimed to study the prevalence of hypermucoviscous phenotype among clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae from hospitals in Egypt, and investigate the hypermucoviscosity related factors. Methods: The isolates were identified phenotypically by various biochemical tests and confirmed genotypically using a specific primer set. The hypermucoviscosity phenotype was detected by using string test. Eleven different genes that are potentially associated with the phenotypes of hypermucoviscosity and hypervirulence were investigated by PCR. The biogram antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated for the isolates against thirteen antimicrobial agents using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The isolates were tested by ERIC-PCR for fingerprinting. Statistical analysis was conducted using Chi-square. Results: According to string test, hypermucoviscous isolates were 40% of collected isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility study showed that 26% of hypermucoviscous isolates were MDR while 36% of non- hypermucoviscous isolates were MDR. The PCR assay results for Capsular serotype K2 gene showed that it is harbored by 68% of hypermucoviscous isolates while 7% only by non-hypermucoviscous isolates. Statistically there is no significant difference in all tested attributes between the cKP and hvKP isolates except for K2 gene. Conclusion: The antimicrobial resistance is not corresponded to the hypermucoviscosity phenotype. Resistance to carbapenems is a common feature among K. pneumoniae strains in Egypt. K2 gene is highly related to the hypermucoviscosity phenotype. This study show evidence that the hypermucoviscosity phenotype is not restricted only to the hypervirulent strains and consequently string test is a poor identification method for Hypervirulent variant especially in countries with low prevalence like Egypt.
Improving dermal delivery of the ketoconazole via loading into bilosomal vesicles (RSPT2.21)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Fouad Saoud, Abdelhalim; Essam El Din Abd El Monem, Eslam; Abdelkhalek Badr, Mohamed; Hossam Abomandor, Mohamed
The advancement in nanotechnologies issued an improvement in its application in medicine as well which is why this prospective study aims to encapsulate a medication called ketoconazole which is insoluble in water and anti-mycotic drug into a new nano- vesicles called bilosomes for attaining enhanced dermal delivery. The bilosomes is formulated from span 60, bile salt and cholesterol. In this study ketoconazole was loaded into bilosomes using a technique called ethanol injection method. As stated in 23 full factorial design that is to say eight formulations form B1 to B8. The examination of the effect of variable preparations variables on bilosomes characteristics and choice of the perfect preparation was done by the utilization of a program called Design Expert®. The chosen bilosomal preparation (B8 constitutes of 112.5 milligrams of span 60,37.5 milligrams of cholesterol and 40 milligrams of bile salt which is sodium cholate). Results has shown that the perfect preparation showed greater in vivo pass of the drug through the skin of the wistar rats while compared with the traditional nano vesicles like niosomes, and the suspension of this medication. Later on, in the histopathological, vivo skin studies done using male wistar rats has showed that the formulated bilosomal carrier is safe to be applied on the skin. Generally, the attained results established that bilosomal carrier could be a promising carrier for the skin delivery in the future.
Formulation and characterization of novel supermagnetic solid lipid nanostructure lipid carrier in situ nasal gel for Zolmitriptan brain targeting (RS501 PT2.8)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Mohamed Gamal, Ahmed; Mohamed Mahmoud, Hossam; Ahmed Abd El-Khalek, Nada; Khaled Ahmed Mohamed, Sohila
Nanotechnology development started from 20th century. It has the ability to deliver a small molecular weight drugs also the ability to targeting to cells and tissues by macromolecules such as genes, peptides and proteins. A lot of problems are solved by the use of nanotechnology like lipophilic drugs by formulating them as nanoparticles, poorly soluble drugs by decreasing the drug reactions and improving bioavailability. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are defined as colloidal particles which is characterized by small particle size, ability to change surface properties and large surface area that facilitates the bioavailability of poorly water soluble molecules also improving the penetration of the drug into the skin and providing the stability. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are a special type of NPs that is characterized by high magnetic susceptibility which validate it to be used in biomedical application. The particle size should be small and the MNPs must have a high magnetization to facilitate its motion in the blood vessels with an external magnetic field. Zolmitriptan is a selective serotonin receptor agonist which is effective in reducing migrane symptoms. The purpose of the study is to prepare supermagnetic solid lipid nanostructure lipid carrier of Zolmitriptan to enhance its bioavailability and to develop SLNs containing Zolmitriptan. The objectivities are achieving maximum bioavailability, achieving better solubility and achieving controlled sustained release of the drug. In this study, 6 formulas were prepared with different ratios and were evaluated for their particle size with a range of (205.8_ 469.5 d.nm) and zeta potential with a range of (-14.0_ -20 mv) and the entrapment efficiency were (58%_55%).Formula number 4 were the best as it had the slowest release.
Enhancement of Eplerenone Dissolution Rate via Sonoprecipitation: Formulation, Evaluation, Analysis and Stability Testing (RSPT2.5)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Saied Ahmed Elnaggar, Sally; Mahmoud Saleh, Fatma; Ayman Sabry, Mayar; Abdalla Omran, Mona
Eplerenone is a selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. It is used as an oral antihypertensive drug, it has very low solubility in water as according to (BCS) it belongs to Class II. This study aims to improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble eplerenone by using sonoprecipitation technique to increase the dissolution rate. Improving solubility of eplerenone is done by making eplerenone sonocrystal formulation to form a uniform and spherical shape of microcrystals using probe sonicator, followed by evaluation of the prepared sonocrystals by particle size measurement using zetasizer, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) to determine the interaction between stabilizers (Poloxamer 188 and polyethylene glycol 6000) and drug sonocrystals, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to observe the changes occurred in eplerenone during spherical formulation process while X-ray diffraction (XRD) to obtain diffraction patterns for eplerenone, physical mixture, and formulations. The determination of drug content for the prepared soncrocrystal formulations was also performed. In addition, the drug release of the prepared formulae was studied and compared to pure eplerenone by in vitro dissolution. Results show that particle size range from 132nm to 455nm, FTIR and DSC shows that there’s no interaction between stabilizers and drug sonocrystals while XRD indicates the change of the drug into amorphous leading to increase the solubility, the dissolution rate was improved for all the formulations when compared with pure eplerenone. Therefore, it is concluded that the sonoprecipitation technique could be a useful technique to improve the solubility of eplerenone with a reduction in particle size, and enhanced dissolution properties.
Drug Prescribing Pattern in Intensive Care Unit of Al-Moalmeen Hospital in Egypt (RSPL2.6) (RS 501)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Yahia Abas, Ahmed; Mansour Boraik, Noran; Mohamed Nagy, Omar; Mohamed Hussien, Samah
Background: The intensive care unit is a special setting in hospitals where patients with severe, life-threating conditions are admitted, these patients mostly suffer from serious infections among other conditions which increases the mortality, morbidity and cost of hospitalization. The presented study was conducted to assess the drug utilization pattern mostly concerning the antibiotics prescription in the ICU. Aim is to Assess the treatment outcome specially for different combined therapies used for the treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections in the ICU and degree of improvement and period of staying in the ICU. Materials and Methods Retrospective study conducted in Intensive Care Unit of Al-Moalmeen Hospital. Analysis conducted on 54 cases admitted to ICU in six months. The data included: Age, Diagnosis, Vital signs, Treatment plan, and the outcome. APACHE Score was used to measure disease severity. Inclusion criteria: Patients with gram-negative bacteria infection from sputum, blood, and urine cultures. Exclusion criteria: Patients with Glasgow coma scale less than 9, End-stage metastatic malignant cancer patients, patients with APACHE II score more than 34, ventilated patients upon admission. The data analyzed by performing statistics on “Graph Pad Prism”. Results: Total 54 cases showed 62-gram negative bacteria cultures; 9 blood, 28 urine and 15 sputum cultures, also 10 swabs. These 62-cultures showed 31 cases E-coli, 14 cases klebsiella, 11 pseudomonas, and 6 cases Acinetobacter. 40 out 62 microorganisms treated with monotherapy including (Meronem/Forutm/Maixpime/Rocephin/Tazocin). 22 out 62 microorganisms treated with combined therapy including (Meropenem/Tavanic, Meronem/Ciprofloxacin, Meronem/Tigacylcine, Maxipime / Tavanic, Colistin/Gentamycin, and Ciprofloxacin /Amikin). Treatment with antibiotics monotherapy and combined therapy, empirical and targeted antibiotics therapy and Meronem antibiotic monotherapy and combined therapy didn’t show significant differences regarding mortality and survival rates.
Design, synthesis and biological activity of semisynthetic phenolic acid analogues (RSPOC 2.5)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Samy Moris, Mena; Khaled Ragheb, Bassant; Mohamed Abdel Hady, Eman; Ismail Saeid, Mohamed
Ferulic acid (4- hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid) is derived from natural source, consequently it has low Toxicity. It is one of the most abundant phenolic acids in plants. Ferulic acid has shown anticancer activity in various types of cancers. Large amounts of hydrogen peroxide are produced and secreted by tumour cells, which are responsible for spreading and invasion of the tumour. Anti-cancer activity of Ferulic Acid is related to its antioxidant property by inhibition of oxidative enzyme, enhancement of cytoprotective enzymes and acting as free radical scavenger. Ferulic acid structure has phenolic ring which act as free radical scavenger by its hydrogen donating ability. The presence of p-hydroxyl groups in aromatic ring, meta methoxy group and conjugated double bond are essential for activity. The aim of the project is to design and synthetize ferulic acid derivatives with potential anticancer activity. The amide derivatives of ferulic acid were synthetized by the reaction between ferulic acid and the different amines using DCC and THF. Purification of the compounds was done using column chromatography which is conducted by the pharmacognosy department and characterization was done using IR spectroscopy and proton NMR. Compounds were screened for anticancer activity against caco cell lines where they showed a significant anticancer activity.
Design, synthesis and biological activity of phenolic derivatives of oat active constituents (RSPOC 2.2)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Salah Mokhtar, Radwa; Mahmoud Mohamed, Sara; Ali El sayed, Sarah; Ibrahim Salama, Yasmena
aCaffeic aacid is a aphenolic acompound awhich acan aoccur anaturally in aplants asuch as aoat, afruit ,avegetable and acoffee abean and acan abe aobtained by aextraction amethod from it or be asynthesized by atwo aroutes afirst athe areaction of aHorner–Wadsworth–Emmons(HWE) 4 aThe asecond aachieves aKnoevenagel and aaldol ashortenings. aIt ahas a avariety of aactivity asuch aas aantimicrobial , aanti-inflammatory , aanti-viral , aantioxidant and aanticancer aactivity. It is amainly aused in the aester form to give the aanticancer aactivity asuch as acaffeic acid phenyl ester (CAPE) 1 in the form of aester, it acan treat many atypes of acancer such as alung ,acolon , aprostate, aleukemia and amelanoma , ait aacts as antioxidant by atwo amechanisms afree Aradical ascavengers and asometimes as metal chelators and as aanticancer by ainhibiting the anucleotide aturn over Asalvage pathway , addition of aperoxide to alipid, astrand of DNA abreak, adivisions of protein and it ainhibits 5-lipoxygenase aenzyme by a awhole anon-competitive mechanism 3 aOur aim is to adesign new aderivatives of acaffeic acid, asynthesis of derivative of acaffeic aacid and atest the abiological aactivity of the anewly synthesized acompounds against acancer acell alines. aCaffeic aamide aderivatives were aexpected to be asynthesized athrough aformation of the aacid achloride ausing POCl3 afollowed by aamide aformation awith the ahelp of the arespective aamine. Due to the ainsolubility aof the aformed caffeic acid achloride another aamethod was devised using DCC to adirectly aacouple the aamine with caffeic acid.4-hydroxyanaline, P-toluidine, Cyclohexyl amine and M-toluidine amines used to asynthesis adifferent amide aderivatives of caffeic acid which achemopreventive anti-tumor aagents.
Design of novel potential protease inhibitors for the treatment of HIV (RSPHC2.2)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Ahmed Ali, Ramla; Mohamed Ahmed, Aya; Khaled Farouk, Lamiaa; Ibrahim El-Sayed, Nada
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a serious infection that progressively destructs the human immune system. Protease enzyme is a very important enzyme in the life cycle of the HIV and its replication. The Protease inhibitors are classified as one of the important classes in HIV treatment as they decrease the protease enzyme of the HIV. However, they have shown a risk in causing insulin resistance and leading to diabetes mellites due to their high affinity to GLUT4. Consequently, we tried to design novel protease inhibitors that have reduced affinity to GLUT4 and exhibit low incidence of insulin resistance. For such design to be developed, computer-based drug design methods were used. Using MOE program, the protease enzyme was primarily docked in itself for validation and then protease inhibitors were docked in it to observe the energy values and interactions. Then, protease inhibitors were docked in GLUT4 homology model -created on SwissModel- to explore their interactions with it and to identify interactions responsible for binding to GLUT4 causing insulin resistance. For the lead optimization step Darunavir and Ritonavir were chosen. In Darunavir, N38 was changed into C38 and a pentane ring was attached to 018. For Ritonavir, the N5 was changed to $5. These changes lead to significant variation in the affinity of the drugs to both protease enzyme and GLUT4, increasing the affinity to protease enzyme and decreasing it to GLUT4.
Chromatographic quantification of drug residues in food of animal origin RS-502 (RSPAC 2-6)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Shaheer Asaad, Madonna; Ayman Emile, Mariam; Badr Amin, Marina; Ahmed Mohamed, Pakinam
Nowadays, livestock marketed products represent forty percent of the daily diet. Meanwhile, veterinary drugs are also widely used for diverse intentions, including maintaining health and improving feed efficiency of animals. However, the most used class of veterinary drugs is antibiotics including Trimethoprim (TMP) and Sulfadiazine (SDZ). The overdosing or the sudden stop of these agents causes the accumulation of drug residue in different animal. Subsequently, consumption of livestock products containing such residues may impose negative effects on human health. Consequently, the present work is devoted to the development of sensitive HPLC-UV methods for the quantitative estimation of TMP and SDZ in chicken muscles. In method 1; the drugs were extracted using methanol. Chromatographic separation was accomplished on a C18 column and mobile phase of water: ethanol (90: 10 v/v) pH = 5.5 using 0.1N acetic acid. The UV detection was at 230 nm and 280 nm for TMP and SDZ, respectively. The method was linear in the range of 0.5-50 μg/mL and 0.5-60 μg/mL for TMP and SDZ, respectively. In method 2 (Micellar Chromatography); 0.1 M SDS was used to extract the two drugs. Chromatographic separation was performed on Xterra C18 column and mobile phase composed of 0.1M SDS: acetonitrile (90: 10 v/v) pH = 5.5 with 0.1 N citric acid. The UV detection was 254 nm. The developed method was linear in the range of 0.5-100 μg/mL for both drugs. The obtained recoveries in the spiked chicken samples were found satisfactory. The developed HPLC-UV methods were validated in accordance to the ICH guidelines proving the methods to be accurate, precise and selective.

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