Probiotic Lactobacillus sp. inhibit growth, biofilm formation and gene expression of caries-inducing Streptococcus mutans

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Date

2018

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Volume Title

Type

Article

Publisher

Blackwell Publishing Inc.

Series Info

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
22

Abstract

Streptococcus mutans contributes significantly to dental caries, which arises from homoeostasic imbalance between host and microbiota. We hypothesized that Lactobacillus sp. inhibits growth, biofilm formation and gene expression of Streptococcus mutans. Antibacterial (agar diffusion method) and antibiofilm (crystal violet assay) characteristics of probiotic Lactobacillus sp. against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) were evaluated. We investigated whether Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 393), Lactobacillus reuteri (ATCC 23272), Lactobacillus plantarum (ATCC 14917) or Lactobacillus salivarius (ATCC 11741) inhibit expression of Streptococcus mutans genes involved in biofilm formation, quorum sensing or stress survival using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Growth changes (OD600) in the presence of pH-neutralized, catalase-treated or trypsin-treated Lactobacillus sp. supernatants were assessed to identify roles of organic acids, peroxides and bacteriocin. Susceptibility testing indicated antibacterial (pH-dependent) and antibiofilm activities of Lactobacillus sp. against Streptococcus mutans. Scanning electron microscopy revealed reduction in microcolony formation and exopolysaccharide structural changes. Of the oral normal flora, L.salivarius exhibited the highest antibiofilm and peroxide-dependent antimicrobial activities. All biofilm-forming cells treated with Lactobacillus sp. supernatants showed reduced expression of genes involved in exopolysaccharide production, acid tolerance and quorum sensing. Thus, Lactobacillus sp. can inhibit tooth decay by limiting growth and virulence properties of Streptococcus mutans. � 2018 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine.

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Keywords

biofilm, dental caries, probiotic Lactobacillus, Streptococcus mutans, bacteriocin, exopolysaccharide, gamma interferon, interleukin 10, probiotic agent, bacterial polysaccharide, bacteriocin, catalase, gamma interferon, IL10 protein, human, interleukin 10, peroxide, probiotic agent, trypsin, agar diffusion, antibiotic sensitivity, antimicrobial activity, Article, bacterial growth, biofilm, colony formation, colony forming unit, controlled study, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, gene expression, human, human cell, Lactobacillus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus salivarius, nonhuman, normal human, priority journal, quorum sensing, real time polymerase chain reaction, scanning electron microscopy, Streptococcus mutans, zone of inhibition, antibiosis, biofilm, biosynthesis, chemistry, culture medium, cytology, drug effect, genetics, growth, development and aging, immunology, metabolism, microbial sensitivity test, microbiology, mononuclear cell, pathogenicity, pH, primary cell culture, Streptococcus mutans, Antibiosis, Bacteriocins, Biofilms, Catalase, Culture Media, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Interferon-gamma, Interleukin-10, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus salivarius, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Peroxides, Polysaccharides, Bacterial, Primary Cell Culture, Probiotics, Quorum Sensing, Streptococcus mutans, Trypsin

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