Phenolic profile, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anti-ulcerogenic and hepatoprotective activities of Pimenta racemosa leaves

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Date

2018

Journal Title

Journal ISSN

Volume Title

Type

Article

Publisher

BioMed Central Ltd.

Series Info

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
18

Abstract

Background: Pimenta racemosa tree has many traditional uses where its leaves are used as herbal tea for treatment of flatulence, gastric disorder, osteoarthritis, colds and fever in addition to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. So, this study aimed to isolate phenolic constituents of 80% aqueous methanol extract (AME) of leaves and evaluate its biological activities. Methods: The defatted AME was chromatographed and structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using UV, NMR spectroscopy and UPLC-ESI-MS analysis. Antioxidant activity was investigated using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan - induced paw oedema, while antinociceptive activity was determined by chemical and thermal stimuli. Anti-ulcerogenic effect of AME against gastric damage induced by ethanol in Wister male albino rats was evaluated. Also, hepatoprotective activity was investigated through determination of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) following oral administration of paracetamol. Both of Anti-ulcerogenic and hepatoprotective activities (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.wt.) were supported by histopathological examinations. Results: Gallic acid (1), methyl gallate (2), avicularin (3), quercetin 3-O-?-D-arbinopyranoside (4), quercetin 3-O-?-D-glucopyranoside (5), quercetrin (6), cynaroside (7), strictinin (8), castalagin (9), grandinin (10) quercetin (11) and ellagic acid (12) were isolated. AME showed significant radical scavenging activity (SC50 = 4.6 ?g/mL), promising anti-inflammatory effect through inhibition of oedema and antinociceptive activity by reduction in number of writhes after acetic acid injection and prolongation of reaction time towards the thermal stimulus. AME reduced the gastric mucosal lesions compared with ethanol control and ranitidine groups, ALT at the three doses and AST only at 125 and 250 mg/kg b.wt., when compared with paracetamol group. The results were confirmed by histopathological studies. Conclusion:P. racemosa leaves are rich in phenolic compounds and showed significant biological activities. � 2018 The Author(s).

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Keywords

Anti-inflammatory, Anti-ulcerogenic, Antinociceptive, Hepatoprotective, Myrtaceae, Phenolic compounds, Pimenta racemosa, 1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl, acetic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, alanine aminotransferase, alcohol, aspartate aminotransferase, avicularine, castalagin, ellagic acid, flavonoid, gallic acid, gallic acid methyl ester, grandinin, indometacin, luteolin 7 glucoside, methanol, paracetamol, phenol derivative, Pimenta racemosa extract, plant extract, plant medicinal product, quercetin, quercetin 3 o beta dextro arabinopyranoside, quercetin 3 o beta dextro glucopyranoside, quercetrin, ranitidine, silymarin, strictinin, tramadol, unclassified drug, analgesic agent, antiinflammatory agent, phenol derivative, plant extract, protective agent, adult, alanine aminotransferase blood level, analgesic activity, animal experiment, animal model, animal tissue, antiinflammatory activity, antioxidant activity, antiulcer activity, aqueous solution, Article, aspartate aminotransferase blood level, carrageenan-induced paw edema, chromatography, controlled study, DPPH radical scavenging assay, drug dose comparison, drug isolation, drug structure, electrospray mass spectrometry, ethanol-induced gastric ulcer, female, heat stress, histopathology, hot plate test, liver disease, liver protection, male, mouse, nonhuman, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, number of writhes, physical chemistry, phytochemistry, Pimenta, Pimenta racemosa, plant leaf, rat, response time, stomach mucosa lesion, ultra performance liquid chromatography, ultraviolet spectroscopy, Wistar rat, writhing test, animal, animal behavior, chemistry, drug effect, edema, liver, pathology, pathophysiology, plant leaf, stomach, Analgesics, Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Behavior, Animal, Edema, Female, Liver, Male, Phenols, Pimenta, Plant Extracts, Plant Leaves, Protective Agents, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Stomach

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