Potentiometric diclofenac detection in wastewater using functionalized nanoparticles

Abstract

Ion selective electrodes for diclofenac monitoring in both pharmaceutical wastewater and dosage form were described; that are considered environmental friendly analytical method. The sensors development depended on comparative performance evaluation of membranes that were based on functionalized magnetite nanoparticles with the classical sensors; this approach provided that nanoparticles in the inner solution of sensor membrane were highly dispersed and coated with ionophore to enhance a complete ion-pairing interaction between the ionophore and the analyte. The optimum membrane was that containing ??cyclodextrin coupled with magnetite ferric oxide as inner filling solution, dibutylphthalate as plasticizer and crystal violet as ion exchanger in poly (vinylchloride) matrix. This sensor (CV-Fe-?-CD) exhibited high sensitivity, Nernstian slope of the calibration curve, as well as fast, stable response and good selectivity. The sensor exhibits a Nernstian slope of ?58.7 � 1 mV/decade over the concentration range 1.0 � 10?7 to 1.0 � 10?2 M of Diclofenac with a minimal limit of detection of 1.1 � 10?7 M. The electrode showed a good potentiometric selectivity for diclofenac with respect to a number of interfering ions and organic species. The membrane sensor was successfully applied for the determination of diclofenac in wastewater samples and dosage form without sample pretreatment steps prior to its analysis. � 2018 Elsevier B.V.