Biointerfrence between Zinc Oxide/Alginate Nanocomposites and Freshwater Bivalve

Abstract

Commercial usage of zinc oxide nanoparticles threatens the aquatic ecosystem. The green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles is an environmentally benign method of nanoparticle manufacture. Aim: In the current study, freshwater bivalves were employed as a crucial indicator for the green synthesis of alginate/ZnO nanocomposite. Transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, and X-Ray diffraction were used to analyze the produced Alginate/ZnO nanocomposite. The bivalve was subjected to various dosages of ZnO and alginate/ZnO nanoparticles (12, 25, and 50 mg/L). The alginate/ZnO nanocomposite size was between (10-15 nm), whereas ZnO was between (5-10 nm). Malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels increased at all Alginate/ZnO nanocomposite doses, whereas catalase and glutathione levels decreased in all organs. After exposure to alginate/ZnO nanocomposite nanoparticles, the gills and mantle histopathological examinations revealed changes. Incorporating alginate into the production of ZnONPs causes combinatorial harmful effects in Coelatora aegyptica, including oxidative stress and histopathological alterations. Coelatora aegyptiaca was found to be a sensitive bio-indicator for nanoparticle-induced water pollution.