Preclinical models of breast cancer: Two-way shuttles for immune checkpoint inhibitors from and to patient bedside

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Date

2019

Journal Title

Journal ISSN

Volume Title

Type

Review

Publisher

Elsevier Ltd

Series Info

European Journal of Cancer
122

Scientific Journal Rankings

Abstract

The Food and Drug Administration has lately approved atezolizumab, anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), to be used together with nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab) paclitaxel in treating patients with triple negative breast cancer (BC) expressing PD-L1. Nonetheless, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are still challenged by the resistance and immune-related adverse effects evident in a considerable subset of treated patients without conclusive comprehension of the underlying molecular basis, biomarkers and tolerable therapeutic regimens capable of unleashing the anti-tumour immune responses. Stepping back to preclinical models is thus inevitable to address these inquiries. Herein, we comprehensively review diverse preclinical models of BC exploited in investigating ICIs underscoring their pros and cons as well as the learnt and awaited lessons to allow full exploitation of ICIs in BC therapy. 2019 Elsevier Ltd

Description

Scopus

Keywords

Breast cancer, CTLA-4, Immune checkpoint inhibitor, PD-1, PD-L1, Preclinical model, antineoplastic agent, biological marker, immune checkpoint inhibitor, immunological antineoplastic agent, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide adenosine diphosphate ribosyltransferase inhibitor, unclassified drug, adjuvant therapy, breast cancer, cancer adjuvant therapy, cancer chemotherapy, cancer immunotherapy, cancer model, cancer resistance, cancer transplantation, combination drug therapy, ex vivo study, experimental design, human, immune response, in vivo study, molecular biology, mouse model, murine model, mutational load, neoadjuvant therapy, nonhuman, practice guideline, preclinical study, priority journal, Review, transgenic animal, tumor immunity, tumor vascularization, tumor volume

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