Faculty Of Management Graduation Project 2023- 2024

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The Impact of Merger and Acquisition on Financial Performance: Evidence From the Non-Banking Financial Sector of Egypt
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2024) Abdelmoaty, Abdelrahman Waleed; Mohamed, Ali Nasser
Abstract This study investigates the impact of merger and acquisition (M&A) on financial performance (FP) in the long term and the short term by investigating the M&A effects on profitability, liquidity, and leverage in the long term, and the short term by examining the market reactions to the M&A news through investigating the abnormal returns on the acquiring firms’ shares. The sample in this study consists of 19 M&A transactions that have been executed by non-banking financial firms and occurred between 2013 and 2021. A paired T-test is used to compare 2 years of pre- and post-M&A for the acquiring firm to investigate the impact on profitability, which is measured by net profit margin (NPM), return on assets (ROA), and return on equity (ROE). Liquidity is measured by the current ratio (CR) and cash-asset ratio (CAR). Leverage is measured by debt-to-asset ratio (DOA), and debt-to-equity ratio (DOE). For the short term, average abnormal returns (AARs), and cumulative average abnormal returns (CAARs) are used to investigate the market reaction to the merger news. The findings of this study indicated that the Debt-to-asset ratio increased significantly as well as the cash ratio, indicating that the firms were able to improve their creditworthiness and benefit from the lower cost of capital acquired through debt in addition to benefiting from the lower taxes generated from the financial synergy those firms gained. Moreover, horizontal M&As increased the DOA and NPM of the acquiring firms, while conglomerate M&As did not result in any improvements. On the other hand, the short-term data analysis revealed that the market reacted positively to the M&A announcements the acquiring company’s shareholders were significantly impacted by the merger and acquisition announcement and the shareholders of the acquiring companies had positive cumulative average abnormal returns on the event window. The findings of this study support the diversification theory due to the decreased risk and increased debt capacity that resulted from diversification. Moreover, the findings support the efficiency theory since the firms became more efficient through revenue and cost synergy which was gained from the M&A. Furthermore, the findings contradict the agency theory, as both, the principals, and the agents benefited from M&A and there was no conflict of interest between them.
Predictive maintenance in car production line
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2024) Arafa, Abdelsalam; Ibrahim, Rahma
I would to start this off by thanking my supervisor Dr. Mohamed Adel Ghannam for guiding me throughout the whole project, giving me the enough knowledge of handling a good-quality based information system design, and giving me the choice of providing expertise and high-quality professional documents from different multi-national companies that illustrate the appliance of good Information systems in real-life. Thank you for your continuous support, guidance, and advice! Also, I would like to raise a flag and thank my teaching assistants Markus Atef for their fantastic effort and support, by helping me out with my project, no such word can describe my gratitude to them of course.
Platform independent model of aquaponic management system
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2024) Ghareeb, Kareem Mohamed; Youssef, Youssef Ahmed
Acknowledgment We would like to thank Dr. Adel Ghanam for the supervision during the project and provide a insightful ideas and information to be used in this project also thanks to Dr. Ashraf Soliman for guiding us in the first phases of the project along with the Teaching assistance Dr. Tarek and Dr. Markus for the assistance and continuous feedback for this project to be delivered and completed. 4
Platform Independent Model of Air Pollution Controlling System in Industrial Area
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2024) Ashraf, Aisha; Gamal, Mohamed
Project Overview The Air Pollution Controlling System (APCS) is designed to confront the pressing global challenge of air pollution and its consequential contribution to climate change by regulating and controlling continuous industrial air emissions. This system operates by identifying and addressing harmful pollutants originating from industrial plants. Although it does not guarantee complete eradication, the APCS significantly reduces these pollutants through a cooperative blend of functionalities. Utilising modern Internet of Things (IoT) technology alongside advanced sensors such as stack monitoring sensor, emission analyzer sensor, volatile organic compound sensor, effluent analyzer sensor, and scrubber system, the APCS acquires and inspects data pertaining to pollutant types, emission levels, wastewater composition, and organic chemicals. The capability for continuous emission monitoring provides real-time insights into industrial emissions. Moreover, an external Short Message Service (SMS) alert system triggers the APCS to intervene and minimise harmful pollutants upon detection of elevated emission levels. The data gathered by the microcontroller is meticulously processed into comprehensive reports and presented on a web application accessible to both internal stakeholders and external observers, thereby ensuring transparency and enabling continuous monitoring. In essence, the APCS assumes a pivotal role in curtailing industrial emissions and mitigating their adverse environmental repercussions.
The Moderating Role of Board Size on the Impact of Gender Diversity on Dividend Decisions
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2024) Sabrey, Abanoub Refaat; Samir, Beshoy Maged
Abstract: This study aims to examine the relationship between Gender Diversity and Dividend Decision. Also, the moderating effect of board size has been analyzed on the relationship of Gender Diversity and Dividend Decision. Gender Diversity is the independent variable which is measured by the number of females on the board. While Dividend Decision is the dependent variable which is measured by total dividend divided net income. Moreover, the moderating variable which is Board Size measured by number of board directors. Also, there are some control variables which are Firm Size and Firm Profitability. Firm size measured by natural logarithm of total assets. While Firm Profitability measured by net income divided total assets. The sample of this study consisted of 40 Egyptian companies listed in EGX100 from 2018 to 2022 with 200 observations. We use the descriptive, correlation, and panel data analysis to test the research hypothesis. Finally, the results showed that Gender Diversity has negative significant relation on Dividend Decisions. Also, the results showed that Board Size has no effect on the relationship between gender diversity and dividend decisions.
The Role of Big Data Analytics in Moderating the Relationship Between Forensic Accounting and Financial Reporting Fraud
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2024) Mohamed, Mohamed Ehab; Abdelnabi, Omar Abdelnabi
Abstract The purpose of the study is to examine the role of big data analytics in moderating the relation between forensic accounting and financial reporting fraud. This study conducted a survey with total respondents of 154 accountant and auditor in Egypt. In order to test the research hypotheses, descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, reliability test, and validity test are used. The results indicated that companies that apply forensic accounting have higher rates of financial reporting fraud detection and have a more reliable financial statements. Also the results indicated that when big data is placed as a moderating variable in the relation, it had negative significant weak effect on financial reporting fraud
The Impact of Gender Diversity on Sustainable Performance and Firm Size as a Moderating Variable
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2024) Moamen, Yasmine; Samir, Aya
Abstract This research investigates the impact of gender diversity on the sustainable performance of Egyptian firms, focusing on three dimensions: environmental, economic, and social. The paper tests the relationship between both the independent and dependent variables under different conditions by having firm size as its moderating variable, with firm age and leverage as control variables to maintain internal validity. A sample of 35 non-financial companies listed on the Egyptian Stock Market (EGX100) has been considered from 2018 through 2022. The independent variable, gender diversity, is quantified by counting the number of women on board while sustainable performance is measured by a unique sustainability performance index. Moreover, the data was extracted from corporate governance reports, annual reports, and ESG reports and then analyzed on STATA. An empirical study that involved descriptive statistics, pairwise correlations, and panel data regression was utilized to test the hypotheses of this study. Furthermore, the results showed an insignificant impact between gender diversity and sustainable performance, however, the relationship between both variables becomes positive when firm size is taken into account.
Evaluating the Impact of Fintech on Banks Profitability:
(October university for modern sciences and arts MSA, 2024) Shaker, Mina Ayman Mikhaeel; Abdelkader, Menna Talla Khaled Mohamed
The main objective of this research is to examine the impact of Fintech on the profitability of the banking sector in Egypt in the time frame from 2015 to 2022. The digital innovations and the integration of technology with the different fields led to asking how this could affect the banking sector's profitability, especially at that time frame as Egypt started to implement SDGs and put its vision to 2030. So, that's important for the research to determine how Egypt succeeded or not to apply Fintech and gain its profits from banks. To measure how the fintech is affected ,the research depended on the DIG score to measure fintech which is the measure of digital engagements of the banks through the annual reports as the score calculated in content analysis is the result of how the bank implements the technology innovations. Additionally, the bank's profitability that measured by the bank's return on assets to examine its relation with the fintech. In addition to the mediating role of operating efficiency that considered to be facilitated by fintech to achieve the improvement of bank profitability as it's the indicator of how the fintech impacts the cost of banks' operations. Moreover, the research considered the bank size as a moderating effect to enhance the level of developing fintech and bank profitability. The research depended on a sample of 16 Egyptian banks including 13 conventional banks and 3 Islamic banks. As for methodology the test used to determine the significance of the variables is the generalized method of moments (GMM). However, the results represented a significant and negative relation between the fintech and bank profitability due to the high cost of digitalization and the macroeconomic factors in Egypt. The results showed also the significant and positive impact of operating efficiency on the bank's profitability. On the other side, it's found that bank size has a significant but negative relationship as a moderating effect due to the decrease of bank deposits that affected banks' assets. Accordingly, it recommended to the policymakers in Egypt to facilitate more fintech innovations in the banking sector although the negative relation as it expected to achieve higher profitability in the future as that will boost the digital transformation to the people with high benefit to the banks in terms of profitability and attracting the foreign direct investors in the long term. The efficient structure theory and the agency theory support the findings. The Diffusion of Innovation Theory, the Technology Acceptance Model, the Market Power Theory, the Fundamental Theory, and the New Growth Theory, on the other hand, contradict the findings. However, it is anticipated that these theories will eventually support the findings in the long term with the positive correlation between fintech and bank profitability.
Evaluating the Effect of Firm Characteristics on Working Capital Behavior
(October university for modern sciences and arts MSA, 2024) Ismail, Yehia; Nafez, Yehia
This study aims to investigate the relationship between firm characteristics and working capital behavior. The sample is 78 non-financial companies listed in the EGX 100 the sample was finalized in 55 companies due to missing data in 23 companies. The findings of this study show that operating cash flow, leverage, firm performance and firm age had a significant impact on working capital. Additionally, growth opportunities, firm value, firm size and economic conditions had an insignificant impact on working capital. Certain limitations are discussed in the study with offering suggestions for future researchers. Further, the authors offer decision- makers plenty of recommendations. Lastly, this study contributes to the existing body of literature by filling the existing empirical research gap.
Assessing the Impact of Investor Sentiment on the G7 Stock Markets Performance
(October university for modern sciences and arts MSA, 2024) Walaa Eldin, Arwa; Mohamed, Habiba
This research aimed to investigate the impact of investor sentiment on stock market performance in G7 countries from 2005 to 2023. The investor sentiment was measured by the global indices of investors’ optimism “CCI”, and the investor fear “VIX”, while utilizing COVID-19 as a moderator and geopolitical risk measured by the GPR index as a control variable. The sample of data collected the monthly stock returns for the main indices for each of the G7 countries from January 2005 to October 2023. Overall, the research employed a fixed effect regression model “FEM” to attain its findings. The results of the models showed a significant positive impact of investor optimism on the G7 stock market returns, while a significant negative impact on VIX, even with the moderating effect of COVID-19. However, the control variable geopolitical risk was statistically insignificant, so it did not impact the G7 stock market returns statistically and COVID-19 was significant as a dummy variable. Thus, it was concluded that investor sentiment significantly impacts the G7 stock market returns.
Assessing the Effect of Credit Risk on Egyptian Non-Financial Companies’ Financial Performance
(October university for modern sciences and arts MSA, 2024) Alsayed, Ahmed Yasser; Mahmoud, Gasser Ahmed
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of credit risk on financial performance in Egyptian non-financial firms between 2013 and 2022. This study used Altman’s Z-Score as an inverse measure of credit risk, return on assets and return on equity as measures of financial performance, in addition to using control variables leverage and liquidity. The study also aims to examine the indirect effect of operational efficiency as a mediator and the moderating effect of firm size on the relationship between credit risk and financial performance. The fixed effects regression model is used to analyse the panel data, 77 non-financial firms listed in EGX-100 were chosen as the subject of this study to investigate this relationship between 2013-2022 but based on the availability of data only 57 companies were used for a total of 570 observations. The findings revealed that Altman’s Z-Score had a positive and significant relationship with financial performance, while operational efficiency negatively and significantly affected financial performance, and liquidity had a positive and significant effect on financial performance. On the other hand, firm size was found to have an insignificant effect on the relationship between credit risk and financial performance. It is recommended that non-financial firms diversify their revenues to include different currencies to avoid currency crises or economic instability that may occur in Egypt. The results of this study were supported by the portfolio theory and the signaling theory.
Analyzing the impact of Free Cash Flow on Firm Performance
(October university for modern sciences and arts MSA, 2024) Mohamed, Nouran Ahmed; Mohamed, Nada Ahmed
Abstract: The aim of this research is to examine the impact of free cash flow on firm performance through the mediating effect of dividend policy also, to examine the moderating effect of agency cost on the relationship between the free cash flow and firm performance. An empirical analysis on the non-financial firms listed in EGX 100 from 2013 to 2022 was applied in Egypt. Free cash flow was the independent variable and it was measured by free cash flow equation which is deducting taxes, interest expenses, common stock dividends, operating cash flow, and preferred stock dividends all divided by net sales. While, form performance was the dependent variable and it was measured by stock return as market-based measurement and by return on assets as an accounting-based measurement. The generalized method of moments (GMM) panel estimate method was conducted for examining 610 observations during the selected time span. The findings demonstrated that free cash flow significantly increase the firm performance as a company with strong cash flow usually brings in additional investors, which will raise the company's capital. Moreover, the research analyzed that agency cost significantly moderates the relationship between free cash flow and firm performance.
Measuring the Impact of Product Placement on Customer Purchase Intention through the Mediating Role of Brand Awareness: Applied on the Media and Entertainment Industry"
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2024) Aser Abdelaziz Fahmy, Aly; Hamada Fawzy, Amr
Purpose: This research aims to measure the impact of product placement in terms of placement prominence and plot connection, on customer purchase intention in the media and entertainment industry, with the mediating role of brand awareness. This is in order to help marketers approach product placement the right way, and in order to find out whether the expensive use of product placement is worth it or not for brand owners. Methodology: The information collected for this research was a combination of primary and secondary data, and the research methods were a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The primary data was collected for the qualitative research through focus groups, in-depth interviews with experts, and observations. Moreover, the secondary data used was collected from credible online books, journals, and articles. Furthermore, the quantitative research method included distributing questionnaires through social media platforms, where 279 valid results were collected. After this data collection, a statistical analysis was conducted through SPSS and Smart PLS software. Findings: The results of the statistical analysis showed that brand awareness is a partial mediator, meaning that there is a significant relationship between the independent variables placement prominence and plot connection and the dependent variable customer purchase intention, even without the existence of brand awareness as a mediator. Moreover, it was concluded that placement prominence has a positive moderate impact on customer purchase intention, and plot connection has a positive moderate impact on customer purchase intention. Implication: Finally, based on the results from this research, the researchers recommended that marketers use product placement with moderate prominence and with connection to the story, based on their statistical analysis findings. Moreover, it was recommended that brand owners do invest in the use of product placement. Limitation and Suggestions The limitations of this research were deduced to be (among others) not covering product placement from the different entertainment mediums, as well as it is suggested to utilize different entertainment mediums as a moderating variable, such as TV programs, talent hosting programs, etc.
The effect of product packaging on impulse buying behavior in fast moving consumer goods”
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2024) Ashraf, Yara; Alzainy, Mohamed
The purpose of this research paper is to study the impact of product packaging on impulsive buying behavior. The researcher’s proposed conceptual model based on literature review which was tested using a qualitative and quantitative approach.275 online questionnaires were gathered from university students who shop frequently fast-moving consumer goods. The findings showed that there is relationship between product packaging and impulsive buying behavior non probability convenience sampling technique was used in this research and data analysis was conducted using smart PLS. Finally, based on the research findings there are general recommendations for the product packaging and impulsive buying, limitations have been mentioned in order for future researches to avoid or to try to implement doing
Measuring the Relationship between Kid Influencers and Children’s Purchase Intention (Experimental Research) and Measuring the Relationship between Packaging Design and Children’s Purchase Intention
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2024) Ashraf, Rawan; Maged, Waleed
Purpose: This research aims to study the relationship between kid influencers and product packaging on children’s purchase intention, applied to the snacks industry. This research fills an empirical gap by measuring the relationship between kid influencers and children's purchase intention using an experimental design. It also studies the possibility of manipulating children to purchase unhealthy snacks through packaging design. Design/Methodology/Approach: A conceptual model was created based on past literature findings tested using an experimental and descriptive design. Moreover, the experiment was conducted using 62 participants aged 8 to 11 to measure the relationship between the kid influencers and children’s purchase intention. Moreover, 62 questionnaires were gathered from different children to measure the relationship between product packaging and children’s purchase intention. In both groups, the data was collected through a non-probability judgmental convenience technique, and data analysis was conducted using the SPSS software. Findings: The Mann-Whitney Test was used to measure the distribution mean rank of children’s purchase intention in the experimental and control groups, and it showed a significant distribution between the groups. The Chi-Square Test of Independence was also used to measure whether two categorical variables are independent or dependent which in this case they are dependent. Additionally, Spearman’s Rank Correlation test was used to find that there is a positive weak relationship between kid influencers and children’s purchase intention and a positive moderate relationship between packaging design and children’s purchase intention. Implications: Based on the findings, the research is recommending to the marketers or marketing communication directors, product designers, as well as policymakers various implications. For instance, it is recommended that business owners in the snacks industry highly invest in developing and improving their product’s packaging design. Limitations/ Suggestions: The researchers faced various limitations such as applying the study only to the food and beverage industry, and it suggested that further research should examine other industries such as the toy industry.
“Testing the mediation effect of customer attitude towards clothing local brands on product quality and customer satisfaction applied on university students”
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2024) Ali Hasan Mahdy, Haidy; Ibrahim Labib, Sandra
Purpose- This research is aiming to study the mediation effect of customer attitude on product quality and customer satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach- The study utilized a mixed-method approach, incorporating both primary and secondary data. The secondary data consisted of a review of existing literature to explore how product quality can effect customer satisfaction and how mediation effect of customer attitude effect product quality and customer satisfaction through local clothing brand in Egypt. Primary data were gathered through in-depth interviews with an industry expert and an online survey completed by 101 respondents of varying genders, aimed at assessing their views on clothing local brands in Egypt. Findings- Analysis of the data using SPSS and SMART PLS revealed that product quality significantly affect their attitude and satisfaction concerning clothing local brand. Originality/value- This research contributes to the understanding of the dynamics between product quality and customer satisfaction, highlighting the role of mediation effect of customer attitude in customer satisfaction.
“Factors affecting the consumers’ purchase intention of Egyptian fashion local brands”
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2024) Hussein Helmy, Abdallah; Osama, Mohamed
Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the Factors affecting the consumers’ purchase intention of Egyptian fashion local brands Methodology: The researchers utilized both secondary and primary sources of data to gather information about their research topic. They collected secondary data from articles, journals, and books, while primary data was gathered by interviewing with customers and experts, observing an event of local brands, in addition to administering Arabic and English questionnaires to 313 participants, comprising 153 males and 160 females. The primary data was used to measure the relationship between variables, and the results were analyzed using IBM's statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS). Findings: There is a significance, positive, and strong relationship between price sensitivity, product quality, social media activities, and purchase intention. Implications: The research provides a set of recommendations to the Egyptian local fashion brands on how to focus on providing affordable prices to the price sensitive customers. In addition, the study recommends various strategies to improve the local brands’ products’ quality. And to improve the social media activities to increase the purchase intention on the Egyptian fashion local brands. By implementing these recommendations, Egyptian local fashion brands will enhance the purchase intention.
The Effect of Influencer Marketing on Consumer Purchase Intention Applied on Shaan the Skin Care Brand
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2024) Hassan ElTouby, Aly; Mohamed Hathout, Zeina
Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of influencer marketing on customers’ purchase intention, using Shaan the skincare brand as an area of application. Methodology: The researchers used both secondary and primary sources of data to gather information about their research topic. They collected secondary data from articles, journals, books and conducted content analysis, while primary data was gathered by administering Arabic and English questionnaires to 181 participants, comprising 79 males and 102 females in addition of conducting customer interviews as well as an interview with Alia Lasheen a social media influencer who’s also an expert in the skincare industry. The primary data was used to measure the relationship between variables, and the results were analyzed using IBM's statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS). Findings: There is a strong positive relationship between the credibility of an influencer and customers’ purchase intention. Moreover, there is a strong positive relationship between the attractiveness of an influencer and customers’ purchase intention. Implications: The research provides a set of recommendations to Shaan on how to make best use of social media influencers. In addition, the study recommends various strategies to raise customers' awareness of Shaan. These suggestions aim to help Shaan increase their awareness, enhance their marketing efforts and subsequently properly choose influencers that are perceived as credible or attractive in order to increase the intention to buy Shaan products amongst their target audience. By implementing these recommendations, Shaan can strengthen its credibility and attractiveness as a skincare brand amongst their target audience. Originality/ Value: This research provided an investigation of the effect of influencer marketing on customers’ purchase intention, although there are previous researches conducted about the same topic, they were all applied on foreign countries. However, this research has allowed the exploration of the topic in the Egyptian market specifically.
The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Brand Trust Applied on Domty
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2024) Hossam, Amir; Mohamed, Yahya
Purpose: This study aims to investigate the impact of corporate social responsibility and studying the types of CSR which are Environmental responsibilities, Economic responsibility and Philanthropic responsibilities on DOMTY. Methodology: The researchers used both secondary and primary sources of data to gather information about the research topic. The study used secondary data from articles, journals, and books, and primary data from 219 individuals (121 men and 98 females) using Arabic and English questionnaires and also used interviews with experts and customers. The study analysed the relationship between variables using IBM's statistical software for social sciences (SPSS). Findings: In this research it has been found that There are positive relationships between philanthropic responsibility, environmental responsibility, economic responsibility and brand trust. Recommendations: The study makes a few suggestions to DOMTY on how to improve corporate social responsibility. The research suggests methods to increase consumers' knowledge of corporate social responsibility. These proposals attempt to improve DOMTY's environmental responsibility and increase consumer trust via corporate social responsibility. By implementing these recommendations, Domty should increase philanthropic activities because customer engagement with it and promote sustainable practices in the industry such as green packaging. Originality/Value: This research contributes to the previous research by filling the knowledge gap, as there is a lack of studies that was conducted about CSR activities and trust in Egypt.
Logical design for Smart fire and gas leakage detection system
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2024) Khaled Ibrahim, Eyad; Ali Abdallah Atrees, Menna
The system is smart fire and gas leakage detection system which aims to provide a safety for our living and safe and secured infrastructure to the smart city environment by deploy this comprehensive system which capable of sending measurements to the home owner through web application and accurately identifying potential hazards and immediate responses to prevent and avoid any risks and the crises that associated with gas leaks and fire incidents by detecting any gas leaks or fire threat as fire in building or other could occur due to several reasons like overheating of machinery or gas leakage. The system leverages real time data processing of swiftly detect fire and gas incidents by using the IOT using fire and gas detection system which combines a small size multisensory based including efficient sensors DHT11 Temperature sensor, MQ2 Gas/Smoke sensor, and IR TO-39 Flame sensor which detects threats could like burning of materials, gases and electric circuit which may lead to serious accidents and after the detection in case of fire threat, sensing systems automatically notify homeowner or relevant stakeholders about the emergency situation then take actions to reduce the impact and this system can serve smart city environments enabling context awareness , low latency which done by using internet of things that ensure sharing raw measurements from sensors or fire and gas leakage alerts so once fire or gas leaks detected the fire and gas detection system will send message to the home owner and the smart city emergency center, the system will send help request to the smart city emergency center. The system also able to send measurements to the home owner which allow the user to monitor the state of gas leak and the temperature state in the home form away form house and take an action.

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