Faculty Of Biotechnology Graduation Project

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Anti-proliferative Activity of Silymarin-Encapsulated Polymeric Nanoparticles against Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (in vitro study)
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2020) Yousef, Mazin Hesham AboulFotouh Ismail
Background / Aim; Human liver cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer deaths. Scientists from various parts of the world are working on developing new therapies for the liver cancer. However, to this day, death levels from liver cancer have not shown any signs of decreasing or even leveling off. Commercial therapies like anticancer drugs, chemotherapies and radiotherapies are known to have limited efficacy and numerous side effects. Moreover, they are unaffordable by a huge sector of the population. Since there is a lack in other efficient methods of treatment, therefore, natural products attracted attention of the researchers due to their anti-cancerous and safety properties. Silymarin is a natural flavonoligan substance, characterized with anti-oxidative and chemo protective properties against many cancers. Polymeric Nanoparticles demonstrated wide applications as an efficient and safe drug carrier, enhancing therapeutic efficiency of anti-cancerous therapies and minimizing their adverse effects. Therefore, in the current research we proposed a novel approach that involves encapsulating silymarin into chitosan nanoparticle as an efficient and highly specific drug delivery system that can target human liver cancerous cells without affecting normal cells. Methods; Preparation of chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) and chitosan encapsulated with silymarin nanocomposite (SilCsNPs). Characterization of the materials included particle size analysis, morphology, zeta-potential and FTIR to ensure binding properties and nanocomposite formation. Encapsulation efficiency of SilCsNPs nanocomposite was studied. All prepared nanomaterials were screened for their cytotoxic effect on Huh7 as an in vitro model of human liver cancer and examined for morphological changes under phase contrast inverted microscope. Paclitaxel was used as standard anti-tumor control to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the tested nanomaterials.
Antigen content as The Min factor In Avian Influence Vaccine Efficiency
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2018) Yehia Hamed Hemida, Nouran
Breast cancer is the leading causes of cancer-related death among women. The vast majority of breast cancers are carcinomas that originate from cells lining the milk-forming ducts of the mammary gland. The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a multifaceted highly host specific betaherpesvirus that is regarded as asymptomatic or mildly pathogenic virus in immunocompetent host. HCMV may cause acute and chronic complications in immunocompromised individual. HCMV antigens and DNA have been detected in tissue biopsies of breast cancers and sentinel lymph nodes and elevation in serum HCMV IgG antibody levels have been reported to precede the development of breast cancer in some women. The aim of the study is to evaluate the association of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) incidence and lymph node metastases in Egyptian breast cancer patients. The project was carries out through testing of enrolled breast cancer patients for presence or absence of HCMV IgG antibody in their blood samples. Moreover, nested PCR was done on DNA extracts from patients’ lymph node tissue targeting the HCMV immediate early (IE) gene. Finally, correlation between incidence of HCMV DNA and lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients was assessed. Outcome of the study displays that there is a statistical significance between HCMV-DNA and lymph node metastasis.
Antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer effect of African rose
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Abdelrahman Kamel, Teba
Origin of African rose (plum) was reported for the first time in china 470 B.C. these was the first written document about plum. African rose have shown to have lots of medical uses and also have the ability to prevent diseases related to food, also in promoting of health. Moreover, African rose have been considered as a therapeutic treatment for pathologies that are associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. It was reveal that African rose phenolic compounds have so many of biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The recent study is to analysis in vitro antimicrobial, anticancer and antioxidant activities of phenols, tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids that were extracted from African rose. These extractions were used to extract phenolic compounds from African rose this is done by ethanolic extraction method. Then to determine the phytochemicals HPLC analysis was used, DPPH was used to evaluate antioxidant activity, to determine antimicrobial activity agar discs diffusion method was used. There were three different cancer cell lines that had been taken from human there are Liver cell line (HepG2), Brest cancer cell line (MCF-7) and colon cancer cell line (Caco-2) colon cancer these to determine cytotoxic activity beside using of neutral red (NR) assay.
Antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer effect of Beta vulgaris
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2018) Megahed Hamed, Basma
Origin of Beta vulgaris (the beet) was first reported domestically in Ancient Mesopotamia, 8th century B.C. was when the first written documents started appearing about Beta vulgaris (Smulders et al., 2010). Beetroots (Beta vulgaris) have many medical uses and its health promoting and disease preventing functional food. Beetroot is also being considered as a promising therapeutic treatment in a range of clinical pathologies associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. It was demonstrated that the phenolic compounds found in beetroots have many biological activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antioxidant and anticancer activity The present study is to investigate the in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activity of flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids and tannins extract from beetroot. The extraction done by ethanolic extraction method to extract the phenolic compounds from beetroot. The phytochemical analysis was determined by HPLC analysis, Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH while antimicrobial activity was determined by agar disc diffusion method. The cytotoxic activity was tested by using two different human cell lines which are human lung cancer (A549) and colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2 (colon cancer), and the cytotoxicity was tested by the neutral red (NR). assay.
Assessment of CD25 expression as a stem cell marker for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Mohamed Mohamed El Sadek, Ahmed
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancerous disease of the white blood cells, particularly the myeloid lineage, characterized by clonal expansion of myeloid progenitors (blasts) in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. AML is the most frequent acute leukemia in adults and accounts for 70 percent of all acute leukemia diagnoses with an incidence of 3 to 4 per 100,000 persons per year. The leukemia-initiating cells were enriched on the basis of cell surface marker expression (CD34+ /CD38− ). The diagnosis of AML is defined by the presence of 20% or more of cells with the morphological characteristics of myeloid blasts in the bone marrow. CD25 is a prognostic marker normally expressed on activated T-cells associated with proliferation and differentiation of T-cells, and its expression is associated with poor prognosis. The aim of this study is to assess and investigate the expression levels of CD25 marker presented on CD34+ blasts of pediatric patients diagnosed with AML. Where a group of peripheral blood samples and bone marrow aspirates (N=7) were collected from AML patients, followed by the analysis using flow cytometry and diagnosed based on immunophenotyping to detect the presence or absence of the marker, thus estimating whether it could be further used as significant marker for better prognosis and modulation of many drug candidates. The results have shown that CD25 has been expressed in 28.5% of the cases diagnosed with AML. CD25 expression positively correlated (P value < 0.05) with the total lymphocyte count (TLC). In a conclusion, CD25+ status provides adverse prognostic relevance in AML independent of other known biomarkers. سرطان الدم النخاعي الحاد )AML )هو مرض سرطاني في خاليا الدم البيضاء ، وخاصة ساللة النخاع ل النخاع الشوكي )blasts )في النخاع العظمي والدم المحيطي. ُم الشوكي ، التي تتميز بالتوسع النسيلي نشئات يعتبر هذا النوع من سرطان الدم أكثر أنواع السرطانات الحادة شيو ًعا بين البالغين ويمثل 70 بالمائة من جميع حاالت تشخيص سرطان الدم الحاد بمعدل 3 إلى 4 لكل 000,100 شخص سنويًا. يتم إثراء الخاليا التي تثير سرطان الدم (cells initiating leukemia (على أساس ظهور بعض العالمات الحيوية يتم تشخيص المرض من خالل وجود 20 (Biomarkers (على سطح الخلية (-CD38+/CD34 .(أيضاً ٪ أو أكثر من الخاليا ذات عالمات و خصائص مورفولوجية لتحوالت النخاع الشوكي في النخاع العظمي. إحدى هذه العالمات هو CD25 ،التى تعتبر عالمة النذير التى يتم ظهورها عادة على الخاليا التائية -T( (cells المن ّشطة و هى مرتبطة بانتشار وتمايز هذه الخاليا، ويرتبط ظهور هذه العالمة بسوء التشخيص. إذ ًن فالهدف من هذه الدراسة هو التقييم والتحقق من مستويات التعبير الجينى و ظهور العالمة CD25 على الخاليا السرطانية النخاعية، مصطحبة بعالمة +CD34 على سطح كل خلية لمرضى األطفال الذين تم تشخيصهم بمرض سرطان الدم النخاعي الحاد (AML .(حيث تم جمع مجموعة من عينات الدم المحيطية ونضح النخاع العظمي )7 = N )من المرضى، يليه التحليل باستخدام التدفق الخلوي (cytometry flow( وتشخيص العينات على األساس المناعي للكشف عن وجود أو عدم وجود العالمة CD25 وبالتالي تقدير ما إذا كان يمكن استخدامها مرة أخرى كعالمة هامة لتشخيص أفضل وتعديلها كعالج ُمرشح و ُمحتمل. وقد أظهرت النتائج أن CD25 تم ظهورها على سطح الخاليا السرطانية في 5.28 ٪من الحاالت التي تم مرتب بشكل إيجابي )قيمة 05.0
Assessment of pesticides residue in cosmetic henna sold in Egyptian local market
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Ayman Mahmoud Said, Nagham
Assessment of pesticides residue in cosmetic henna sold in Egyptian local market Background: Henna is a flowering plant and the sole species of the genus Lawsonia. It is the source of a dye prepared from the plant lawsonia inermis and has been used since antiquity to dye hair, skin and fingernails. Also it is used to dye fabrics like (silk, wool and leather). For this reason, henna should be free from any contaminants such as pesticide residues; and disinfectants used for preventing the spread of pests and bacteria. When concentrations of pesticide residues exceed the permissible level, the risk to human health comes from direct or indirect exposure to pesticide residues in primary or derived agricultural products as it could lead to several potential toxic effects, carcinogenic and biological effects. Aim: The current study evaluated the composition and quality of 24 henna samples
Assessment of the expression of LncRNA (NEAT1) in Human Papilloma Virus associated Head and Neck Cancer
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Mourad Dawood Soliman, Mariam
Head and neck cancer include the craniofacial bones, soft tissues, salivary glands, skin, and mucosal membranes. More than 90% of it are squamous cell carcinomas, occurs commonly in the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx and hypopharynx (Dwivedi et al., 2011). HNC represent the sixth most common cancer worldwide with approximately 630,000 new patients diagnosed annually resulting in more than 350,000 deaths every year (Vigneswaran & Williams, 2014). Human papilloma virus considered one of the most risk factors in HNC cases especially the mucosal high-risk types HPV-16 and HPV-18. Nuclear Enriched Abundant Transcript 1 (NEAT1) is a ~3.2 kb novel nuclear long non-coding RNA. It is also known as Virus Inducible Non-Coding RNA, which will be used in this study as a prognostic factor in HPV associated HNC. The present study was conducted on 50 subjects; forty of them were patients suffering from Head and Neck cancer lesions and ten healthy controls. The expression of the Lnc_NEAT1 was measured in all studied subjects using Real time PCR technology Our results reveled high significant difference obtained for the Lnc_NEAT1 expression when HPV positive patients were compared with the negative one. We concluded that NEAT1 can be used as a prognostic biomarker for HNC associated with HPV. يشمل سرطان الرأس والعنق العظام القحفية واألنسجة الرخوة والغدد اللعابية والجلد واألغشية المخاطية. أكثر من 90 ٪ منها هي سرطان الخاليا الحرشفية ، يحدث عادة في التجويف الفموي ، البلعوم ، الحنجرة والبلعوم السفلي. يعتبر سرطان الرأس و العنق السرطان السادس األكثر شيو ًعا في جميع أنحاء العالم حيث يتم تشخيص حوالي 000،630 مريض جديد سنويًا مما يؤدي إلى وفاة أكثر من 000،350 كل عام .فيروس الورم الحليمي واحدا من أهم عوامل الخطر في حاالت سرطان الرأس و العنق وخاصة األنواع المخاطية عالية ً البشري يعتبر المخاطر 16-HPV و 18-HPV( .NEAT1 )عبارة عن رنا نووي طويل غير مشفر يبلغ طوله 2.3 10 كيلوبايت. كما يُعرف أي ًضا باسم الحمض النووي الريبوزي غير ال ُمشفّر Coding-Non Inducible Virus( (RNA ،والذي سيُستخدم في هذه الدراسة كعامل تكهني لسرطان الرأس و العنق المرتبط بفيروس الورم الحليمي البشري. أجريت الدراسة الحالية على 50 شخ ًصا. أربعون منهم من المرضى الذين يعانون من سرطان الرأس والرقبة وعشرون اخرون أصحاء. تم الحصول على فرق كبير معنوي لتعبير NEAT1_Lnc عندما تمت مقارنة مرضى فيروس الورم الحليمي البشري اإليجابي بالمرضى السلبيين. استنتجنا أنه يمكن استخدام NEAT1كمؤشر بيولوجي تشخيصي لـسرطان الرأس و العنق المرتبط بفيروس الورم الحليمي البشري.
Association between the frequency of IL-4 590C>T gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus.
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Mohamed Kamal Ismail Abo-El-Youssr, Yehia
Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is a cytokine which is encoded by IL4 gene, it plays a role to activate the differentiation of the native T helper cells (Th0) into a normal T-helper 2 cells (Th2). Previous researches had shown that IL-4 protects the pancreatic islets from cytotoxicity that can occur as well as it decreases the production of (Th1). In addition, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the IL-4 promoter region (IL4-590 C>T) could have a relation with type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition to that, the long-term exposure of IL-4 on the pancreatic islets can inhibit islet functions. The aim of the present study is to probe for the association of IL4-590 C>T with TDM in Egyptian patients.
Bacillus Subtilis Bacteria as a Biosorbent for Dye Removal from Industrial Water Effluents
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Fawzy, Abdelrahman
World's present concerns are driven towards securing a sustainable water source in order to save our plant and deliver a safer future for mankind. The use of synthetic dyes is increasing in many areas. Synthetic dyes have been widely used in many industries such as textile, tannery, food, pharmaceutical, pulp and paper, paint, plastics, the effluent discharge from these industries has destructive effects on the environment and human health; reducing sunlight penetration and gas solubility in aqueous ecosystems and mutagenic and carcinogenic effects in living organisms. The physico-chemical methods are effective in dye removal, however problems such as the overall cost, regeneration, secondary pollutants exists. As an alternative, biological treatments are a relatively inexpensive way to remove dyes from wastewater. The use of biological methods such as bioaccumulation and biosorption through bioflocculation technique is suitable for the removal of such dyes from wastewaters. In this study, bacterial strain of Bacillus subtilis has been used for the removal of crystal violet dye from an Egyptian textile effluent. More than 98 % removal is achieved through application of bioflocculation technique. Complete characterization for the textile effluent before and after treatment with bacterial strain has been done including TSS, TDS and turbidity.
Bacteria as a bio indicator for water pollution
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Gaber, Meret Talat Tawfik
The coliform group has been used widely as a trademark of water quality and has traditionally led to the public health protection concept. Total coliforms are a group of bacteria commonly found in the environment, for example in soil or plant life, in addition to the intestines of mammals, including humans. Total coliform bacteria are not likely to cause disease, but their presence indicates that the water supply may be prone to contamination by extra dangerous microorganisms. Escherichia coli (E. coli) are the only member of the total coliform group of bacteria that is found only in the intestines of mammals, including humans. The presence of E. coli in water indicates recent fecal contamination and may indicate the possible presence of disease-causing pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. The aim of this thesis is to examine methods currently in use for the detection of coliforms in different source of water, bacterial growth on nutrient media. Isolated bacterial colonies were then gram stained and tested using several biochemical tests to identify the strain of bacteria. The identified bacteria were Klebsialla, Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis Finally, count total coliform bacteria using CFU proving amounts of bacteria compared to other bacteria in different source of water.
Bioaccumulation of toxic metal pollutants by water velvet and effects on pigment content
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Tamer Khairy, Natalie
The waste water discharge is a major contributor to the environmental pollution. In Egypt most of the waste water is discharged partially treated. This study aims at evaluating the use of Azolla pinnata R.Br. (water velvet) in phytoremediation of the five toxic metals Pb, Fe, Zn, Ni and Cu from waste water and the effects on the fern pigment content. Populations of the fern were raised in freshwater, waste water and mixtures of waste water-freshwaters. The toxic metals bioaccumulation factor (BF) was higher in the mixtures than in the absolute waste water. The BF was higher than unity and up to 19.6 for Ni and around 14 for Zn and Cu. The least BF values were less than unity for Pb, Fe and Zn. The removal efficiency reached 98% in freshwater and within the range 10-17% in sewage water. The decrease in pigment content of chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids is coupled with the increased toxic metal concentrations in water. The chlorophyll a/b ratio was greater than unity in water mixtures, while in fresh or waste water the ratio was less than unity. The toxic metal bioaccumulation is coupled with decreased pigment content that indicate the potential use of the fern as bio-indicator of toxic metals. يعتبر تصريف مياه الصرف الصحي مساهم رئيسي في التلوث البيئي. يتم تصريف معظم مياه الصرف الصحي في مصر عن طريق المعالجة الجزئية. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم استخدام Azolla pinnata R.Br. (الماء المخملي) في المعالجة النباتية لمعادن خمسة سامة ,Pb و Fe و Zn و Ni و Cu, من مياه الصرف الصحي, وتأثيرات استخدامه على محتوى الصبغة السرخسية. تم جمع عينات من المياه العذبة, مياه الصرف الصحي, وخليط من المياه العذبة مع مياه الصرف الصحي. كان عامل التراكم الأحيائي للمعادن السمية (BF) أعلى في الخليط من مياة الصرف الصحى فقط. أيضاً كان الBF أعلى من الوحدة حتى 19.6 لـ Ni وحوالي 14 لـ Zn و Cu. كانت أقل قيم BF أقل من وحدة فى الPb و Fe و Zn. بلغت كفاءة إزالة المعادن 98٪ في المياه العذبة, وحوالى 10-17٪ في مياه الصرف الصحي. يقترن الانخفاض في محتوى الصبغة فى الكلوروفيل أ و ب والكاروتينات مع زيادة تركيزات المعادن السامة في الماء. معدل الكلوروفيل أ/ب كان أكبر من الوحدة في الخليط، أما في المياه العذبة أو مياة الصرف الصحى، كانت النسبة أقل من الوحدة. يقترن أيضاً التراكم الأحيائي المعدني السام بإنخفاض محتوى الصبغة, والذى قد يشير إلى إحتمالية إستخدام السرخس كمؤشر حيوي على المعادن السامة.
Biodegradation of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) by Bacillus Cereus, Myroides species and Enterobacter species under different environmental conditions”
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Essam, Yara
The marine environment may be contaminated due to various activities of the petroleum industry with crude petroleum oil. In order to protect living organisms in this environment and for the protection of human health, this polluted marine environment must be bioremediated and detoxified. Although physiochemical methods are still used in various developing countries, biological treatments are the alternative because they are cheap, causing no harm to the environment. Different types of bacteria are able to clean up the polluted sites. In the present work, three bacterial species were used separately and in combination (a consortium) to biodegrade crude oil polluting marine water. Identification of the 3 bacteria was done using gene sequencing of 16s rRNA and they were recognized as Bacillus cereus MSA 6M, Myroides odoratimimus MSA 185 and Enterobacter cloacae MSA 47. Screening of the three bacterial strains was done for the production of biosurfactants and bio-emulsifiers using different media, different NaCl concentrations and different pH values. The results obtained showed that the 3 bacterial strains were able to produce active biosurfactants (155.5 – 176.6 cm2 ODA) when WFO was used as substrate, while when glycerol was used, the three bacteria behaved as weak biosurfactant producers (1.0 – 17.0 cm2 ODA). On the other hand, the two culture media were promising for the production of bio-emulsifiers. The results also show that 2% and 3% NaCl were promising for the production of biosurfactants and bio-emulsifiers. As for the effect of pH values, it can be seen that different results were obtained. Optimum pH values for B. cereus are 6-7 pH, for M. odoratimimus are 8-9 pH and for E. cloacae are 7-9 pH. These results indicate that the 3 bacteria work well in different ranges of pH values. On the other hand, the same trend of results were also observed
Biohydrogels Reinforced with Graphene Oxide as an Ecofriendly Nanocarrier for Controlled Drug Delivery
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Salah, Mai Yasser
In recent years, polymer nanocomposites are widely prepared for different biomedical applications such as controlled drug release systems used in the development of drug delivery for cancer treatment. Through pH-sensitive nano-systems, the drug release is triggered by an acidic tumor environment to improve the efficiency of cancer treatment. The main purpose of the ideal drug delivery system (DDS) is keeping the drug within the desired therapeutic range after a single dose, and/or target the drug to a specific area while reducing its overall dosage. The aim of this study was preparation of pH-sensitive drug carrier from Starch (ST) and 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) reinforced with graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite hydrogel (ST-PHEMA/GO) in aqueous solution via γ-radiation induced copolymerization and crosslinking. The structure and morphology of the nanocomposite hydrogel were studied by FTIR, FE-SEM, XRD and TEM analysis. The swelling behavior of the prepared hydrogels loading the drug was determined by investigating the time and pH-dependent swelling of the (ST-PHEMA) hydrogels of different GO content and irradiation dose. The effect of environmental parameters such as pH on the swelling kinetics and the efficiency of the nanocarrier in releasing the drug to breast cancer cells MCF-7 were studied. The results showed as the irradiation dose increases, the GO distribution in ST-PHEMA matrix becomes more homogenous where 30kGy had the best distribution. TEM and XRD analysis confirmed the present of GO in the polymer matrix in the nano scale. Furthermore, the higher the GO content, the higher the swelling percentage and the diffusion exponent (n) according to Fickian law is less than 0.5 indicating that the nanocarrier is following diffusion-controlled process (Fickian diffusion mechanism). The nanocarrier loading the drug showed high toxicity to the cancerous cells manifesting its ability to be used in the controlled drug delivery medicine
The biological activities of Ficus Sycomorus leaves
(MSA University, 2019) Youssef Ahmed, Reem
Higher plants have been utilized worldwide as characteristic drug a long time to cure human diseases. About 80% of individuals globally use plants as safe sources of medication to cure human diseases through completely different medicine system. One of the available indigenous medicinal plants, Ficus sycomorus belongs to the Moraceae family. The plant contains totally different teams of biologically active compounds that square measure chargeable for the biological activity. Ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of leaves of Ficus sycomorus contain higher concentrations of total phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and steroids than the fruit extracts. Ethanolic extract in both fruits and leaves gave higher concentrations of phytochemical compounds than the ethyl acetate extracts. Therefore, fruit and leaves extract have antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against gram positive, negative bacteria and fungus. Also, the percentage of Liver cell line (HepG2), Colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) and Breast cell line (MCF-7) viability was decreased with increasing the concentrations of the ethanolic extract of fruits and leaves of Ficus sycomorus. The high concentrations of ethanolic extract of fruits caused high reduction in the viability of cancer cells, especially in Colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cell line. In addition, phytochemical compound screened by GC-MS method. In GC-MS analysis, 12 bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in fruits and 29 bioactive compounds were detected in leaves extract. These totally different active phytochemicals are found to possess a good vary of activities, which can facilitate within the protection against incurable diseases.
The Biological activity of Conocarpus erectus extracts and their application as cytotoxic agents
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2018) Talaat Helmy Othman Ali, Aseel
Essential oils are found to have multiple active components which can show in vitro cytotoxic action against various cancerous cell lines. This study reports the in vitro cytotoxic effects of the essential oil from Conocarpus erectus (Combretaceae) growing wild in Egypt. Water-distilled essential oil of C. erectus was examined for its cytotoxic effects using a modified brine shrimp and MTT assays. Fresh leaves aerial part of C. erectus was subjected to hydro distillation using a Clevenger-type apparatusvolatile to obtain its volatile oil. Cytotoxicity of the essential oil was measured against HepG2 cancer cells and brine shrimps larva. The essential oil 50% cytotoxic concentrations were found to be 33μg/ml and 8.7μg/ml against brine shrimp and human liver carcinoma HepG2 cell line, respectively; thus the volatile oil displayed good cytotoxic action against the human tumor cell line. Moreover, C. erectus methanol extract was very effective; it exhibited cytotoxic activity against brine shrimp larva within IC50 value of 15μg/ml. The investigation from GC Mass, led to the identification of 12 constituents, representing 97.53% of the total oil, of which the major chemical constituents were identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry as being rich in 3-(2,2 dimethylpropylid ene)bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4-dione (3) (67.12%), (decanoic acid derevatives (11) (7.77%), 22-tritetracontanone (12) (6.03%), 1- octanol, 2-butyl- (2) (5.51%) and oleic acid (6) (4.33%). This is the first report on anticancer potential and separation of essential oils from C. erectus. The findings of this study necessitate the need for further consideration of this essential oil in anti-neoplastic chemotherapy.
The biological activity of Golden berry extract as antioxidant, anti-microbial and anti-cancer activity
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2018) Gamal Mohamed Zaki, Mohammed
The Physalis peruviana is of great importance and vital phytochemical and nutritional properties, as its classified as one of the medicinal plants that posses great features as anti-oxidant, anti-microbial and anti-cancer properties, at which those features is found and rely on the specific nutrients the found in higher values with in the plants as total phenols, total flavonoids, total alkaloids, total tannins and DPPH as following 125.44, 6.39, 14.82 and 3.365, where the analysis of those extract structures reveals the high antioxidant and free radicals blockage features. Physalis peruviana also possess anti- microbial activates toward specific microbial and fungal strains where performing microbial disc diffusion test reveals the high activity by its inhibition zone as following 17.15, 12.46 and 7.5 for each of bacillus, E. coli and A. Niger. Also, Physalis peruviana possess anti-cancer activity as the analysis of the golden beery extract toward boss Lung cancer and colon cancer as high neutral red viability assay was found in cases of colon cancer of 94 % and low neutral red viability assay in case of lung cancer of 66.0% for the highest concentration 800μg/ml across variety of concentrations.
Biological strategy for heavy metal removal from industrial Wastewater
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Ahmed Ibrahim Eldesouky, Nadeen
Industrial wastewater containing substances that may affect human health and are difficult to degrade is a major health concern, where examples include effluents containing heavy metals. The contamination of receiving water bodies by heavy metals constitutes a major environmental concern as these contaminants are extremely toxic, recalcitrant, and exhibit a tendency to bio-accumulate. Although heavy metals could be removed from industrial wastewater by a range of physicochemical treatment technologies such as precipitation, ion exchange, adsorption, electrochemical processes, and membrane processes; however, regulatory standards are not always sufficient. The objective of this thesis is to study the amenability of using the bacterial strain of Bacillus Subtilis isolated from the surface of natural Egyptian phosphate as an alternative for the conventional techniques of treatment. The bacteria were identified through morphological and gram staining in addition to biochemical identification using BIOLOG GEN III microplate identification system. The microorganism was grown and prepared for biosorption. Finally, the bacteria were tested for removing water contaminated with heavy metal zinc and lead using atomic absorption. It was found that Zn removal increased from 80% to 93%, while Pb removal varied from 95.55% to 99.34 % by the addition of 10-20 ml of bacterial strain (Cell + Product) in a solution having 50 mg/l Zn2+ and 30 mg/l pb2+ ions. The relative removal capacity for metals was in the order Pb >Zn. تعتبر المخلفات الصناعية السائلة والتى تحتوى على مواد يصعب تحللها من المخاوف الصحية الرئيسية التى تؤثر على صحة الانستن مثل النفايات السائلة التى تحتوى على معادن ثقيلة .و يمثل تلوث المسطحات المائية بالمعادن الثقيلة مصدر قلق بيئي كبير لأن هذه الملوثات شديدة السمية وتؤدى الى التراكم الحيوى. وعلى الرغم من أنه يمكن إزالة المعادن الثقيلة من مياه الصرف الصناعي من خلال مجموعة من تقنيات المعالجة الكيميائية الفيزيائية مثل تبادل الأيونات والامتزاز والعمليات الكهروكيميائية فان هذة التقنيات ليست دائما كافية. وتهدف هذة الدراسة الى التعرف على قدرةالسلالة البكتيرية Bacillus Subtilis المعزولة من سطح صخور الفوسفات الطبيعي المصري كبديل لتقنيات العلاج التقليدية. وتم التعرف على البكتيريا عن طريق صبغة الجرام وكذلك الكيمياء الحيوية باستخدام BIOLO GEN III وأخيراً ، تم اختبار البكتيريا لإزالة المياه الملوثة بالزنك المعدني الثقيل والرصاص عن طريق جهاز الامتصاص الذري. وقد اظهرت النتائج زيادة إزالة الزنك ( Zn) من 80 ٪ إلى 93 ٪ ، في حين تراوحت إزالة الرصاص (Pb) من 95.55 ٪ إلى 99.34 ٪ عن طريق إضافة 10-20 مل من منتج الخلية في محلول يحتوي على 50 مجم / لتر Zn+²و 30 ملغ / لت. pb+². وكانت قدرة الإزالة النسبية للمعادن Pb> Zn..
Biological studies activities of cross-linked polymers
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Hani Abdelhamed AlHawari, Salma
The synthetic cross-linked terpolymer usage in life have abundantly increased through the recent years, due to their unique characteristics including mechanical strength, longer service life, the ability to absorb large amounts of water and being biocompatible. Attributing to the wide variety and the easily tuned properties of the cross-linked polymers, it was studied as a promising candidate in various fields and applications through alteration of the chemical structure, concentration or preparation methods, the applications include drug delivery, wound dressing, contact lenses, cosmetics, tissue engineering and cardiac applications. Cross-linked polymers have now been existing for more than half of a century, providing us with one of the initial polyacrylamide and poly-acrylic acid cross-linked polymers. But there is a pressing demand to synthesize polymers having antibacterial and antifungal properties. The aim of this study was to synthesize novel cross-linked hydrophilic terpolymer samples through the free radical polymerization technique, which was based on the monomers acrylamide, acrylonitrile and acrylic acid, AMPS, benzoyl peroxide as initiator and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross-linker. The structure of the prepared cross-linked terpolymer samples was confirmed using the FTIR spectroscopy and the x-ray diffraction method to confirm the amorphous structure of the polymer network which showed that the terpolymer was amorphous in structure in addition it confirmed the polymerization of the polymer. Moreover swelling experiments were performed, to test for the swelling capacity of the polymers. Furthermore, the efficiency of the synthesized cross-linked polymer gels was assessed as an antimicrobial agents for Gram positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungal strains, whereas both of the polymeric samples showed inhibition growth zones, with more antibacterial activity by the AM4 polymer sample against the gram negative bacterial strain, while sample M3 showed high anti-fungal activity. زادت صناعة التيربوليمر الصناعي خلال السنوات الأخيرة ، نظرا لخصائصها الفريدة بما في ذلك القوة الميكانيكية، وطول خدمة الحياة، والقدرة على امتصاص كميات كبيرة من المياه دون تحلل وكونه حيويا. عازمة على التنوع الكبير والخصائص المضبوطة بسهولة للبوليمرات المترابطة ، تم دراستها كمرشح في مختلف المجالات والتطبيقات من خلال تغيير البنية الكيميائية ، طرق التركيز أو التحضير ، وتشمل التطبيقات توصيل الأدوية ، وتضميد الجروح ، العدسات اللاصقة ومستحضرات التجميل وهندسة الأنسجة وتطبيقات القلب. لقد أصبحت البوليمرات المتصالبة موجودة منذ أكثر من نصف قرن ، وتزودنا بواحد من بوليمرات البولي أكريلاميد الأولية والبولي أكريليك المتصالب. ولكن هناك طلب ملح لتجميع البوليمرات التي لها خصائص مضادة للبكتيريا ومضادة للفطريات. وكان الهدف من هذه الدراسة لتجميع عينات terpolymer من خلال تقنية البلمرة الراديكالية الحرة، والتي كانت تقوم على أحادية الأكريلاميد، الأكريلونيتريل وحمض الاكريليك، AMPS، البنزويل بيروكسايد كما dimethacrylate البادئ وجلايكول الإثيلين ك رابط متصالب . تم تأكيد هيكل عينات التيربولر المترابطة المجهزة باستخدام تحليل FTIR وطريقة حيود الأشعة السينية لتأكيد البنية غير المتبلورة لشبكة البوليمر التي أظهرت أن terpolymer غير متبلور في البنية بالإضافة إلى أنها أكدت بلمرة البوليمر . وعلاوة على ذلك أجريت تجارب تضخم ، لاختبار قدرة تورم البوليمرات. ، و تم تقييم كفاءة المواد الهلامية المتراكبة المرتبطة بالبولمير كعوامل مضادة للميكروبات للبكتيريا والسلالات الفطرية ، في حين أظهر كلا من العينات البوليمرية مناطق النمو ، مع نشاط مضاد للبكتيريا أكثر بواسطة عينة البوليمر AM4 ضد البكتيريا ، في حين أظهرت العينة M3 نشاط عالي ضد المضادة الفطرية
Biosynthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles from natural plant extract
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2020) Emam, Mahmoud Sayed Ayat
Nanotechnology is considered as one of the interesting fields that is fast-growing worldwide and has an impact on innovation capabilities. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPS) showed various biomedical applications in recent years. Different physical, chemical techniques have been reported for its toxicity in the synthesis of Gold nanoparticles (AuNPS) while the green synthesis method is the safest due to it build on materials less toxic and eco-friendly. Therefore, the current study aimed to use the parsley (Petroselinum crispum) leaves extract in order to synthesis AuNPs by a simple eco-friendly method. Different four volume ratios of plant were used named AuNPs(A), AuNPs(B), AuNPs(C), and AuNPs(D), respectively. The produced NPs were characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy while the structural and morphological of the formed NPs was performed via high resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS) as well as zeta potential. The TEM images taken for the formed NPS revealed the formation of particles with average size around 25 nm possessing semi-spherical shapes. Furthermore, the surface Plasmon resonance appeared at 530 nm. The detection of zeta potential at value less than -30 mV indicts the NPS stability.
Chitosan Biopolymer Based Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Removal of Methylene Blue Dye
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2020) Amin, Marian Thabit Kamel
Wastewater treatment is a process used to remove contaminants from wastewater or sewage and convert it into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle with minimum impact on the environment. Contaminated wastewater can cause a major problem and incite panic amongst residents in the area. That is why the presence of industrial wastewater treatment. There are many ways to treat the water and the Nanocomposites hydrogel is the most commonly used method in the treatment of textile wastewater. Nanocomposite hydrogels (NC gels) are nanomaterial-filled, hydrated, polymeric networks that exhibit higher elasticity and strength relative to traditionally made hydrogels. Nanocomposite hydrogels were synthesized by γ-radiation induced copolymerization and crosslinking of acrylic acid in the presence of Chitosan biopolymer and TiO2 nanoparticle. The structure was investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the morphology was investigated using Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR). The thermal properties of the films were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis techniques (TGA) and the structure of the nanocomposite was observed using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The swelling behavior of the prepared hydrogels to the dye is determined by investigating the time and pH-dependent swelling of the prepared hydrogels. The nanocomposites hydrogel was used for the adsorption of methylene blue dye from water. The influence of TiO2 nanoparticle content on adsorption were studied. Maximum adsorption capacity of 1156.61 mg/ g and adsorption efficiency of 99.6% towards methylene blue were obtained for the hydrogel nanocomposite. Extensive employment of these products in a number of industrial and environmental areas of application is considered to be prime importance. Natural hydrogels were gradually replaced by synthetic types due to their higher water absorption capacity and removal dye. In conclusion, the higher the temperature, the greater absorption weight, and the more PH, the uptake present increases. Also, the rate of uptake present increases with the increase of Titanium Dioxide. It was found that the highest uptake present was 99% at 50 ° C and Titanium Dioxide present 3%.

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