Faculty Of Biotechnology Graduation Project 2017 - 2018

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Antigen content as The Min factor In Avian Influence Vaccine Efficiency
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2018) Yehia Hamed Hemida, Nouran
Breast cancer is the leading causes of cancer-related death among women. The vast majority of breast cancers are carcinomas that originate from cells lining the milk-forming ducts of the mammary gland. The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a multifaceted highly host specific betaherpesvirus that is regarded as asymptomatic or mildly pathogenic virus in immunocompetent host. HCMV may cause acute and chronic complications in immunocompromised individual. HCMV antigens and DNA have been detected in tissue biopsies of breast cancers and sentinel lymph nodes and elevation in serum HCMV IgG antibody levels have been reported to precede the development of breast cancer in some women. The aim of the study is to evaluate the association of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) incidence and lymph node metastases in Egyptian breast cancer patients. The project was carries out through testing of enrolled breast cancer patients for presence or absence of HCMV IgG antibody in their blood samples. Moreover, nested PCR was done on DNA extracts from patients’ lymph node tissue targeting the HCMV immediate early (IE) gene. Finally, correlation between incidence of HCMV DNA and lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients was assessed. Outcome of the study displays that there is a statistical significance between HCMV-DNA and lymph node metastasis.
Antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer effect of Beta vulgaris
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2018) Megahed Hamed, Basma
Origin of Beta vulgaris (the beet) was first reported domestically in Ancient Mesopotamia, 8th century B.C. was when the first written documents started appearing about Beta vulgaris (Smulders et al., 2010). Beetroots (Beta vulgaris) have many medical uses and its health promoting and disease preventing functional food. Beetroot is also being considered as a promising therapeutic treatment in a range of clinical pathologies associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. It was demonstrated that the phenolic compounds found in beetroots have many biological activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antioxidant and anticancer activity The present study is to investigate the in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activity of flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids and tannins extract from beetroot. The extraction done by ethanolic extraction method to extract the phenolic compounds from beetroot. The phytochemical analysis was determined by HPLC analysis, Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH while antimicrobial activity was determined by agar disc diffusion method. The cytotoxic activity was tested by using two different human cell lines which are human lung cancer (A549) and colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2 (colon cancer), and the cytotoxicity was tested by the neutral red (NR). assay.
The Biological activity of Conocarpus erectus extracts and their application as cytotoxic agents
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2018) Talaat Helmy Othman Ali, Aseel
Essential oils are found to have multiple active components which can show in vitro cytotoxic action against various cancerous cell lines. This study reports the in vitro cytotoxic effects of the essential oil from Conocarpus erectus (Combretaceae) growing wild in Egypt. Water-distilled essential oil of C. erectus was examined for its cytotoxic effects using a modified brine shrimp and MTT assays. Fresh leaves aerial part of C. erectus was subjected to hydro distillation using a Clevenger-type apparatusvolatile to obtain its volatile oil. Cytotoxicity of the essential oil was measured against HepG2 cancer cells and brine shrimps larva. The essential oil 50% cytotoxic concentrations were found to be 33μg/ml and 8.7μg/ml against brine shrimp and human liver carcinoma HepG2 cell line, respectively; thus the volatile oil displayed good cytotoxic action against the human tumor cell line. Moreover, C. erectus methanol extract was very effective; it exhibited cytotoxic activity against brine shrimp larva within IC50 value of 15μg/ml. The investigation from GC Mass, led to the identification of 12 constituents, representing 97.53% of the total oil, of which the major chemical constituents were identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry as being rich in 3-(2,2 dimethylpropylid ene)bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4-dione (3) (67.12%), (decanoic acid derevatives (11) (7.77%), 22-tritetracontanone (12) (6.03%), 1- octanol, 2-butyl- (2) (5.51%) and oleic acid (6) (4.33%). This is the first report on anticancer potential and separation of essential oils from C. erectus. The findings of this study necessitate the need for further consideration of this essential oil in anti-neoplastic chemotherapy.
The biological activity of Golden berry extract as antioxidant, anti-microbial and anti-cancer activity
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2018) Gamal Mohamed Zaki, Mohammed
The Physalis peruviana is of great importance and vital phytochemical and nutritional properties, as its classified as one of the medicinal plants that posses great features as anti-oxidant, anti-microbial and anti-cancer properties, at which those features is found and rely on the specific nutrients the found in higher values with in the plants as total phenols, total flavonoids, total alkaloids, total tannins and DPPH as following 125.44, 6.39, 14.82 and 3.365, where the analysis of those extract structures reveals the high antioxidant and free radicals blockage features. Physalis peruviana also possess anti- microbial activates toward specific microbial and fungal strains where performing microbial disc diffusion test reveals the high activity by its inhibition zone as following 17.15, 12.46 and 7.5 for each of bacillus, E. coli and A. Niger. Also, Physalis peruviana possess anti-cancer activity as the analysis of the golden beery extract toward boss Lung cancer and colon cancer as high neutral red viability assay was found in cases of colon cancer of 94 % and low neutral red viability assay in case of lung cancer of 66.0% for the highest concentration 800μg/ml across variety of concentrations.
Comparative study between commercial and Nano- fertilizers on MoringaOleifera plant chemical constituents.
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2018) Mohamed Hassan Shamandy, Yara
Comparative study between commercial and Nano-fertilizers on Moringa plant chemical constituents. Since Moringa (Moringaoleifera) tree is called the miracle tree due to the many benefits and various applications, The present study was done to explore the effect of mixed synthesis nano elements symbolized in Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) against commercial mixed fertilizers; Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) as control on Moringa plant growing in clay soil at faculty of agriculture Cairo University. Results of the experiment exposed that, appliance of nano fertilizers as (Mn Fe, and Zn) significantly improved all morphological traits as (branch height, leaf area, number of leaves, branch girth, leaves fresh and dry weight) additionally to macro and micro elements represented in (N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu), also chemical ingredients as (total chlorophyll, total carbohydrate, total phenolic, total flavonoids,thiamine, tannins andascorbic acid). Our results draw attention to the meaning of protection our environment from overload use and addition of chemical fertilizers. Further developments in using such safety nano nutrients in this sector could have large-scale economic implications and multiple benefits for consumers, producers, farmers, and the ecosystem.
Cytogenetics study in cases of gender crisis
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2018) Adel Bassily, Emad
Disorder of sex development (DSD) are congenital conditions characterized by atypical development of chromosomal, gonadal, and phenotypic sex, DSD is a rare disease that may affect both male and female with a frequency of 1 in 20,000-25,000 in males, while the female prevalence is 1 in 16,000, as female with disorder in sex development may have uterus but with secondary sexual characters resemble those of males and this is due to the increase levels of the androgen hormone during pregnancy and the karyotyping will be 46 chromosomes that includes 44 autosomal chromosome and XY sex chromosomes instead of XX sex chromosomes of a normal female, while male with disorder of sex development may have testes but with an external secondary sexual characters resemble those of females, and this is due to the decrease levels in the androgen hormone and sex-determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY) and during pregnancy and the karyotyping will be 46 chromosomes that includes 44 autosomal chromosome and XX sex chromosomes instead of XY sex chromosomes of the normal male. This project aims to karyotype three patients one male and two females that was expected to have disorder of sex development, through six steps which starts by set up Harvest that starts by set up step to enable cell growth for 72 hrs. Then followed by harvest of the white blood cells, then Spreading, after that Banding step, Photo, and Karyotyping to detect if there is any gender crisis within this sample or not, for example if there is a female with (XY) instead of (XX) and male with (XX) instead of (XY) in their sex chromosomes. While the results was positive for the three patients as the two females karyotype was 46, XY and the male karyotype was 46, XX.
Cytotoxic and Biomolecular Study of Five Plant Extracts Against Different Human Cancer Cell Lines
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2018) Nasser Elhawary, Ezzeldin
Nature is a main source for discovering new drugs and it has played a major role in the development of new chemotherapeutic candidates. Natural products offer a wide variety of chemical structures with different biological activities that can be used for the development of novel drugs. Around 60% of the current anticancer drugs were isolated from natural products (Newman and Cragg, 2006). In this study, I attempted to exploit five plant extracts, Euphorbia hierosolymitana (herb), Sapium sebifera (branch), Cordyline fruticosa (leaf and branch), Dracerna marginata (bark) and Dracaena marginata (leaf and branch), and show their cytotoxic activities on different human cancer cell line including breast carcinoma (MCF-7), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2), colon carcinoma (HCT116) and prostate cancer (PC3), and normal skin cell line (BJ-1). Methanol extracts of these plants underwent MTT cytotoxic assay and found that E. hierosolymitana selectively inhibited HCT116 cell proliferation with IC50 of 4.22 μg/ml, both Dracaena marginata extracts (bark and leaf & branches) showed moderate cytotoxicity on MCF-7 with IC50 of 22.4 and 48.2 μg/ml, respectively. The remaining two extracts showed minimal to insignificant percentage inhibition on all cell lines. E. hierosolymitana extract was selected for further studying, where the effect of the extract on the HCT116 cells showed a downregulation of her2 and Bcl-2 gene and an overexpression of the Bax gene. Flow cytometry analysis were also performed to understand the effect of E. hierosolymitana on the apoptosis induction and the cell cycle. And the results showed induction of early and late apoptosis by 5.81 and 10.01%, respectively. Our results infer that E. hierosolymitana have a promising chance in fighting colorectal cancer due to its high cytotoxic effects on HCT116 cancer cells while having minimal effects on the BJ-1 normal cells lines.
Detection of adulteration of butter oil with palm oil using traditional and advanced methods
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2018) Samir Elkafrawy, Israa
In this work, Comparative Study Between Some Advanced and Traditional Methods for Detection of Milk Fat Deterioration and Adulteration. The precision and sensitivity of some methods for detecting palm oil (PO) in butter oil (BO) was investigated. The liquefied BO and PO were mixed in proportions of 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 (w/w) to create 5 treatments. Two treatments represent the original components and three treatments were binary blends. The addition of PO to BO caused substantial changes in fat constants, fatty acids composition, and sterols contents. The changes were proportional to the addition level. In particular, saponification (SV), Reichert-Meissl (RM) and Polenske (PV) values as well as short chain (SCFAs), medium chain (MCFAs), and saturated (SFAs) fatty acids decreased, while iodine value (IV), unsaturated fatty acid (USFAs), sterols fractions increased with increasing the level of PO. The determination of the SV, IV, RM and Polenske values to detect the PO in BO was not sufficient at addition level less than 50.0% PO in BO. Based on the changes induced in linoleic acid and fatty acids groups (SFAs and USFAs); the adulteration of BO with 25.0% PO can be detected. However, myristic acid, which the most abundant MCFAs, was still within the normal range of BO. According to the data obtained, the determination of sterols or/and fractions to detect the PO as an adulterant in pure BO was more sensitive compared with milk fat constants and fatty acids profiles. Therefore, it could be recommended reviewing the Egyptian standard specifications and some clauses should be changed to achieve minimal nutritional and healthy value requested in the dairy products. Also when determining milk fat adulteration we recommend the sterol fractions and fatty acids content should be done.
Detection of the adulteration of butter oil with hydrogenated palm kernel oil using traditional and advanced methods.
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2018) Medhat Mahmoud, Mahmoud
In this research, contrastive Study amidadvanced and taditionalmethods for the Detection of Milk Adulteration. The accuracy and affectability of a few strategies for recognizing palm portion oil (HPKO) in butter oil (BO) was examined. The condensed BO and HPKO were blended in extents of 0:100,25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 in order to make five treatments; two of them are going to be for The expansion of HPKO to BO caused considerable changes in fat constants, unsaturated fats creation, and sterols substance. The progressions were corresponding to the expansion level. Specifically, saponification, Reichert-Meissl and Polenske values and in addition short chain, medium chain, and soaked unsaturated fats diminished, while iodine esteem, unsaturated fat, sterols parts expanded with expanding the level of HPKO. The assurance of the SV, IV, RM and Polenske esteems to identify the HPKO in BO was not adequate at expansion level under 50.0% HPKO in BO. In light of the progressions prompted in linoleic corrosive and unsaturated fats gatherings; the debasement of BO with 25.0% HPKO can be identified. Nonetheless, myristic corrosive, which the most inexhaustible MCFAs, was still inside the typical scope of BO. As per the information got, the assurance of sterols or/and divisions to recognize the HPKO as an adulterant in unadulterated BO was more delicate contrasted and drain fat constants and unsaturated fats profiles.
The diagnostic and prognostic utility of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) in predicting rates of pregnancy success in female patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2018) Mohamed Mohamed Mostafa, Maryam
Infertility is a major social and health problem, where it directly affects couples, destroy futures, and end relationships. In Egypt, one of the main reasons of infertility, is the cervical erosion which is the presence of glandular cells on the outer surface of the cervix that results in cervical electrocautery and potentially causing infertility. Modern medicine focuses on the types of reliable treatments and cures for infertility such as, In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF). In the current study, the diagnostic capabilities of the Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), are tested as a viable method to evaluate and predict fertility rates, as a method to enhance the (IVF) procedure; where the AMH levels correlate with the number of early antral follicles and correspond them with the ovarian response in (IVF). The results were produced by ELISA and Elecsys assay, in order to measure the AMH levels in the peripheral blood. through the test results it has been concluded that the (AMH) levels correlate directly to the levels of fertile egg production numbers in the ovaries. However, the (AMH) levels are indirectly proportional to the age of the patients, as the levels decrease as the patients' age increase. These results signify the importance of the (AMH) at the events of fertilization, and its potential uses in the enhancement of (IVF) procedures.
Effect of used motor oil on the growth of Zea mays
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2018) Ahmed Mostafa Gebily, Hind
Motor oil is considered to be one of pollutants that threaten the environment in appropriate disposal ways of used oil could leak to soil and water causing contamination with poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and toxic metals. Used motor oil (UMO) affects chemical, physical and biological system of soil where plants could accumulate many PAH and toxic metals. The main purpose of this study is to determine morphological changes of treated Zea mays with different volumes of UMO. Sulfur concentration was determined in soil, shoot and root as an indication factor for the presence of PAH. Zea mays grains were planted in triplicates in soil with different oil treatments; control, 3, 5, 7, 10 ml. Plant height was measured and number of leaves counted every two days after 2 weeks from germination. Plants were isolated from soil, separated into shoot and root and air dried followed by ovum dry. The relative growth rate and root / shoot ration were calculated. Sulfur concentration was determined in all samples by using ASTM D_4294_98. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test on SAS program. The results showed that morphological changes had a slight difference among samples. Relative growth rate is not stable among all oil treatments. All R/S ratios for all treated samples was above control except 5 %. Sulfur concentration was varied between different treatment of oil in shoot and root with P<0.0168. All treated samples with different concentrations of oil were above control. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between root and shoot. Sulfur is a good indication of the presence of aromatic hydrocarbons in plant.
Evaluating the expression of MDM2 on gastric cancer using immunohistochemistry
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2018) Khalid, Samar
Evaluation of miR-21 dependent pathway on prognosis of B cells childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (c-ALL)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2018) Ibrahim Elsaeed Mohamed, Omnia
Background: Precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pre-B c-ALL) is a critical disease, frequently distributed in childhood age. With the current treatment protocol; survival rate approach only 90% however and still a significant clinical challenge for relapse persist due to resistance to chemotherapy. LncRNA CASC2 (cancer susceptibility candidate 2) has been characterized as a tumor suppressor in cancer. It has been evident that miR-21 is over-expressed in malignant B-cell lymphoma, thus considered to be a marker of immune cell activation. A recent study demonstrates that lnc-CASC2 is a target of miR-21 in cancer. Methods: in the current study, the peripheral blood samples of seventy pre-B c-ALL are analysed for the expression of miR-21 and lnc-CASC2; thirty healthy children are compared as negative control. Results: lnc-CASC2 was down-regulated by 5 folds in pre-B c-ALL versus the control; however; miR-21 was increased. CASC2/miR-21 haven’t a prognostic potentiality in pre-B c-ALL. Conclusion: we concluded that lnc-CASC2/miR-21 expression levels cannot predict disease prognosis and outcome in children with pre-B ALL. Although, more study should be conducted.
Health risk assessment of heavy metals via consumption of contaminated Herbal medicine collected from local Egyptian pharmacies
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2018) Amr Mohamed, Salma
Medicinal plants have a long history of use in therapy throughout the world and still make an important part of traditional medicine. Thus, medicinal plants and herbal products must be safe for the patient (consumer). However, owing to the nature and sources of herbal medicines, they are sometimes contaminated with toxic heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, mercury and cadmium thus poses a potential health threat to consumers. Unregulated procurement coupled with the unhygienic trading environment, poor postharvest handling and processing; represent major routes of heavy metal contamination in medicinal plant products. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the levels of heavy metal contamination in some frequently used Egyptian medicinal plants and its health risks by the amount of heavy metals: Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), Zinc (Zn), Tin (Sn), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), and Antimony (Sb) that they contain. This will be possible by using the ICP – OES technique in order to determining the heavy metal levels in each type of herbal drugs and then compare the results to the APTWI standards. The results showed that the elements that were found in 100% of the samples analyzed were Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn). Iron (Fe) has the highest mean concentration in all the samples with the highest being; 42.1123 mg/kg for drugs used for constipation and digestion for children <1 year; Manganese is the second element with the highest mean concentration in all the samples with the highest being; 4.0852 mg/kg for drugs used for constipation and digestion for children <1 year. When the results were compared with the APTWI, the results showed a significant heavy metal contamination that will cause serious health effects for pediatrics.
Identification and quantification of vis gene in date palm fruits
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2018) Hesham Sayed Bastawi, Sarah
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is one of the economic crops in most of semi-arid areas. It is considered as a typical model to study fruit maturation. A lot of technologies were used to study date fruit development and ripening. In this research individual and total sugars in addition to the total phenolic content were extracted and measured. Glucose, fructose and sucrose content had been calculated in two different Saudi date palm cultivars Holwah Al Joof, and Saghai. The total sugar content in the Saghai scored higher than Holwah Al Joof. However, in case of the phenolic content was higher in Holwah Al Joof than Saghai. Fruit softening occurs during ripening as a consequence of progressive cell wall modification and disassembly by enzyme action. Pectin and hemicellulose, two of the major cell wall components, undergo solubilization and depolymerization. Therefore, the expression of vis1 gene had been quantified as one of the fruit quality controlling genes. Compared to the tomato fruit as a positive control, the expression of vis1 in Holwah Al Joof fruit was lower than in Saghai.
Impact of mircoRNA-125b expression as prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2018) Sami Ahmed, Ashraqat
Leukemia is among the main causes of death in the world. The most important etiology of leukemia is malignant transformation of myeloid or lymphoid cells to primary undifferentiated cells includingacute myeloid leukemia (AML). Adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease in terms of diverse cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities. Although there has been a significant improvement in the overall survival rate of adult AML patients from 30 to 73 per cent, still nearly half of them relapse. Despite significant progress in the treatment of different types of leukemia, relapse remains a challenging clinical problem that is observed in a number of patients who are often resistant to chemotherapy and exhibit multi-drug resistance.Therefore, it is essential to identify new predictive factors of response to treatment or relapse, especially for high-risk patients with a greater potential for non-response to treatment. Detection of new and effective factors capable of differentiating between good and poor prognoses is of great importance for determining the prognosis of the disease and relapse at diagnosis. Recently, microRNAs especially (MiRNA-125b) have attracted much attention from researchers in a variety of cancers, including leukemia. In our study, it has shown that the ectopic expression of microRNAs affects the expression of drug resistance and relapse-associated genes. Altered microRNA expression profiles can turn these molecules into oncogenes or tumor suppressors, which affect the expression of relapse-related genes.
Incidence and risk exposure of nitrate and nitrite of Egyptian fruits and vegetables
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2018) Aly Mahmoud, Aliaa
Nitrosamine is the derived from nitrate and it seems as one of the factors and causes of gastrointestinal cancer in adults and methemoglobinemia (blue baby syndrome). Eighty percent of nitrate enters to the body through vegetables and fruits; so in this study, nitrate concentration in available vegetables and fruits in Egypt was determined and compared with standard limit. Nitrate reading was done using HPLC, and Excel was used to draw diagrams and statistical calculations. Daily intake estimates were based on a national food consumption and nitric/nitrate content in various foodstuffs. The mean intake of nitrite from Squash was exceeded the ADI among 110 vegetable commodity, with EDI value of o.1mg/kg for children body weight and Fresh strawberry with EDI value of 3.6 for adult body weight. And the water commodity with high and significant EDI for both body weight.
Incidence of Cytogenetic abnormalities in female infertility
(MSA University, 2018) Ali Yassine, Nada
Background: Infertility is a common problem and may affect up to 15% of all couples. Genetic disorder is considered to be the commonest correctable cause of female infertility. Their incidence among infertile female is 20-40% – about three times greater than in the general population. Aim: This study aims to report the incidence of cytogenetic abnormalities in female infertility and to report karyotype abnormality with AMH hormone levels. Patients and Methods: 50 infertile females were included. All- purpose clinical records and blood samples were obtained according to WHO criteria. Different levels of AMH were detected using Vidas techniques. Karyotyping was done using conventional method, and Lucia computerized software. Results: Among 50 infertile females; 37/50 females had normal karyotypewhile, 13/50 females had abnormal karyotype. Patients with abnormal karyotype with AMH hormonal levels; 4/13 (30.8%) were very low, 2/13 (15.4%) were low fertility, 2/13 (15.4%) were satisfactory and 5/13 (38.5%) were optimal fertility levels. From 13infertile patients with abnormal karyotype; 10/13 (76.9%) patients were46,XY [20], while1/13(7.7%) were 46,XX[15]/45,X[5], 1/13(7.7%) were 46,XX[6]/45,X[14] and 1/13 (7.7%) were 46,XX[10]/45,X[10]karyotype.Conclusion:Cytogenetic abnormalities are an important cause of female infertility. That karyotype analysis in both partners should be performed for infertile couples. Genetic testing and genetic counseling in infertile couples attending assisted reproduction are important to recognize the cause of infertility, but also to evaluate the reproductive risk of couples with genetic abnormalities that may be transmitted to the offspring.
The investigation of antiviral mechanisms of chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating curcumin against Hepatitis C Virus genotype – 4a on human hepatoma cell lines
(MSA University, 2018) Ali Mohamed, Aya
Hepatitis C virus is the fifth common disease in the world with more than 170 infected people worldwide and poses high risk among Egyptian population as they are likely to develop severe liver injury and hepatocellular carcinoma. Nevertheless, current double and triple treatments with direct acting antivirals (DAAs) were recently reported to cause several side effects and thereby effective, less toxic antiviral agents are needed. Accordingly, this study aims at coupling in silico approaches with in vitro analysis in order to investigate and compare the role of some natural and synthetic antivirals; curcumin, chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) and chitosan encapsulating curcumin nanocomposite against HCV-G4a replication in Huh7.5 cells and viral entry in Huh7 cells. Thereby, the selected compounds were subjected to molecular docking studies to determine their binding affinity towards NS3 protease, NS5A and NS5B polymerases prior to investigating their antiviral mechanisms against viral replication and viral entry. Additionally, the activity of such compounds was examined on both the molecular level on the targeted viral genes as well as the protein level on the viral core protein. Accordingly, it is expected to obtain reduction in viral replication as well as obstruction of viral entry after exploiting these compounds, especially the curcumin chitosan nanocomposite which suggests their potential roles as alternative, novel, safe and effective antiviral agents.
Investigation of the Anticancer Effect of Azurin Produced from Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
(MSA University, 2018) El Fouly, Sherry
Azurin is a low molecular weight protein and member of the Cupredoxin family, it is produced by the bacteria Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, and it is a natural scaffold protein that has antiparasitic, antiviral, and, most notably, anti-cancerous properties. In the course of this study, 5 Pseudomonas Aeruginosa isolates were provided by the University of Mansoura and 4 screening processes took place, including gram stain, gel electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE, and electron microscopy, all in search for the isolate with the optimum azurin producing ability. 1 isolate was chosen for further testing against the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Azurin was investigated for its ability to decrease cell viability and increase DNA damage. Azurin was shown to be an anticancer agent which achieves its ability by interacting with multiple targets and interfering in multiple steps in the progression of cancer, such as inhibiting P-Cadherin expression, increasing p53, reducing VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase activity and interfering in the receptor tyrosine kinase EphB2-mediated signaling process.

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