Xenobiotics pose serious risks to the environment and human health because of their carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic, and other toxic properties. Biodegradation of different xenobiotics has been widely covered using bacteria, yeast, and filamentous fungi. Because of the efficient capabilities of microalgae in remediation of polluted water via potential enzymatic system and production of biosurfactants, relatively little attention has been paid to the phycodegradation of xenobiotics by microalgae. This chapter summarizes the opportunities and challenges of integrated sustainable application of microalgae in the remediation of xenobiotics polluted water.
