Faculty Of Pharmacy Graduation Project 2018 - 2019

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Browsing Faculty Of Pharmacy Graduation Project 2018 - 2019 by Subject "Biochemistry"

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    Anti-obesity activity of the aqueous extract of Moringa Olifera herbal teas family Moringaceae (RSPB2.1)
    (October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Hesham, Ahmed; Sayed, Huda; Salah, Martha; Ibrahim, Mohamed
    Obesity is a serious condition in which body fats are excessively accumulate in the body and associated with several comorbidities like diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and osteoarthritis. Moringa olifera is a traditional herbal medicine for treatment of conditions like arthritis, constipation, hypertension. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-obesity and antihypercholesterolemic effect of the aqueous extract of Moringa olifera herbal teas as Moringa olifera alone and in combination with lemon and Mentha in a high fat diet induced obesity in rats. Adult male rats were completely randomized in ten groups each compromising six rats. The first group was kept on the normal rodent chow for three months but the rest of groups were kept on a high fat diet for two months. Group number 2 represent obese group, group number 3 was assigned as high fat diet group (HFD), group number 4 represent standard simvastatin treated group (SD) and from group 5 to 10 treated with Moringa olifera aqueous extract, these groups received medicine in different doses and preparations. mRNA expression of FAS was significantly high in HFD group compared to control and significantly decreased in all treated groups. Moringa lemon (ML) 400mg showed prominent effect compared to simvastatin groups. Also, mRNA expression of PPAR alpha was significantly reduced in HFD compared to control and significantly increased in all treated groups. In conclusion, study provides evidence that the aqueous extracts of Moringa olifera and its combinations have antiobesity effect.
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    The association of genetic variants with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Egyptian population (RSPB2.3)
    (October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Ateya Fahem, Madonna; Raouf Fawzy, Maged; Sabry Aziz, Michael; Ahmed Mohammed, Mirna
    Diabetes is a disorder in carbohydrate metabolism, and has no ability to produce insulin, thus maintaining appropriate levels of glucose in the blood. Insulin is secreted by beta cells that are located inside the pancreas called carrots from the role of Langerhans.its is to stimulate cells to eat glucose until cells use this sugar-generating energy. Diabetics may have dysfunctional beta cells, leading to reduced insulin secretion or insulin-resistant muscle cells because cells cannot eat glucose. In both cases it will increase glucose in the blood, causing high blood sugar. Blood glucose may accumulate and excrete excess sugar levels in the urine. Because high levels of glucose in the urine, the amount of water excreted will increase, causing high urine volume and frequent urination, as well as feeling hungry and thirsty, also sweetened with honey, "itching, weakness, weight loss. The first type of diabetes, known as insulin-dependent diabetes, usually comes in childhood Type 2 diabetes, called insulin-dependent diabetes, occurs more after the age of forty and more common with increasing age Most cases of diabetes Type II is more common than type 1 diabetes 90% of all cells are strongly linked to obesity, and diabetes is linked to the transformation of genes called KCNQ1, which plays a major role in re-polarization, which is part of the ability to work in muscle tissue. , Suggesting that this vulnerability may be behind the sensitivity to diabetes provided by the allele.The genetic mutation in SNPS (228,328 rupees and 2237,897 rupees) is caused by KCNQ1. Another gene is KCNJ11, which plays a role in the regulation of hormone secretion, for example: insulin , In beta cells. Genetic polymorphisms in this gene have been shown to be associated with increased risk of T2DM. The study is designed to detect risk factors (genetic and non-genetic) that predict the outcome of T2DM and related complications. Peripheral blood samples were collected from diabetics and natural persons. The study was conducted on 60 people. 30 control and 30 diabetes. The blood was collected after taking their consent. We will estimate the level of blood glucose and lipid form by the spectrophotometer and also use PCR technique and serialization method to determine the genetic variables in the KcnQ & KcnJ11 gene
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    The Effect of a Novel PDE5 Inhibitor (RF2) on Impaired Memory in Mice (RSPB 2.5)
    (October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Ahmed Noaman, Esraa; Salah Hussein, Hazem; Mohamed Farouk, Moustafa; Muhammed Abd-ElNaeem, Maryam
    Neuroinflammation is a result of liberating proinflammatory mediators and thus, loss of neuronal structure and function due to the activation of resting microglia and astrocytes. The aim was to study the effect of a new phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, RF2 on neuroinflammation. Sildenafil was used as a positive control. Methods: The study comprised six groups of mice (n=6). LPS 0.8mg/kg i.p. was used for the induction of neuroinflammation. Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Y-maze were used for the assessment of the mice memory to determine the extent of damage/healing caused by the inflammation/treatment. Later the mice were anaesthetized, sacrificed, their brains collected and divided into hemispheres. The first was sliced and used for hematoxylin & eosin stain and nissl stain to determine the extent of damage to the brain and immunostaining for amyloid bodies and COX expression. The biochemical assays were done on the hippocampal homogenates. These assays were included IL-1β assay and MDA assay to determine the extent of damage. Results: The MWM and Y-maze showed an improvement caused by RF2 similar to that caused by sildenafil. Hematoxylin & eosin stain and nissl stain showed that the neuronal and tissue damage decreased significantly upon the application of RF2. Also, the slides showed decreased expression of amyloid proteins and increased expression of COX enzyme. IL-1β and MDA showed decreased significantly upon the administration of RF2. Conclusion: The study concluded that RF2 possess significant anti-inflammatory effects and that in can be used as an adjuvant therapy in cases of neurodegeneration.
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    In-Vitro Evaluation of Synergistic Effect of Quercetin on the Anticancer Activities of 5Fluorouracil In MDA.MB231 Breast Cancer Cell Line
    (October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Mofeed Gerges, David; Maged Nasif, Ivodia; Khaled Mohamed, Lamis; Mahmoud Khalil, Salma
    Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women which causes death among women in 140 of 184 countries worldwide and the second most common cancer overall. Breast cancer characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the mammary gland of the breast or in the ducts that deliver milk to the nipples. Several anticancer drugs are used in the treatment of breast cancer; 5-FU is a chemotherapeutic agent that inhibits thymidylate synthase enzyme, hence interferes with the formation of thymidylate from uracil which lead to inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis. Quercetin is one of the most powerful flavonoids for protecting the body from reactive oxygen species by increasing the function of antioxidants. It also inhibits both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase activities, so decreases the formation of inflammatory metabolites. MTT-based assay revealed that the IC50 of 5-FU and Quercetin were 90.5μM and 4.8 μM respectively after 24 hours against MDA.MB231 breast cancer cell line (Mariotto et al, 2017). Besides, by using Compusyn to calculate the combination index of 5-FU + Quercetin (<0.1) it revealed very strong synergism. According to flow cytometry results, 0.5 fold IC50 combinations showed strong synergism showing the possibility of 5-FU dose reduction while maintaining the cytotoxic effects by combining it with the natural product quercetin. These results were confirmed by flow cytometry for cell cycle analysis where the 0.5 IC50 combinations gave comparable effect to the IC50 5-FU causing cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. In conclusion, the study results showed that addition of Quercetin to 5-FU synergized their individual anticancer effect.
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    The Role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (RSPB2.8)
    (October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Eldosoki Nasr, Manar; Hassan Hussien, Hussien; Samah Gad, Marco; Hossam Shaker, Nada
    MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are considered as a small non-coding RNA which regulateexpression of gene by preventing the translation including destruction of specific mRNA.Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is characterized by inflammation, cardiomyocyteapoptosis, and cardiac necrosis that may develop heart failure. Necroptosis is a form ofregulated necrosis and is dependent on a signaling pathway involving receptor interactingprotein kinase (RIPK). Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) is a negativeregulator for necroptosis. MicroRNAs play a critical role in the pathogenesis ofcardiovascular diseases. 10 mice were randomly assigned into two groups: normal controlgroup and induction group by s.c injection of isoprenaline (100 mg/kg). Heart injury wasevaluated through the histological examination in heart tissue, in addition to thebiochemical assessment of troponin I. The levels of miRNA-103 in heart tissues weredetermined using based miRNA quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCRs). The following parameters were investigated for studying the possiblemechanisms of miRNA-103 in necrosis: FADD, RIPK and IL-6 (Interleukine-6). Theresults revealed that in AMI group miRNA 103 was significantly elevated while theexpression level of FADD was decreased, moreover RIPK and IL-6 were significantlyincreased. In exploring the molecular mechanism of miRNA 103 in AMI, The presentstudy provides new evidence showing that miRNA 103 up regulation through targetingFADD, resulting loss of FADD leads to resistance to apoptosis and cells undergonecroptosis instead. In conclusion, miR-103 might be considered a novel potentialbiomarkers for AMI and its modulation provide a new approach for preventing AMI.