MSA Repository "MSAR"

MSAR University's Digital Repository is a documentation and digitization of all university outcomes that are of effective value in the scientific and academic community and reflects the university's image, work, and effective contribution to society Through MSAR Digital Repository, the university managed to collect, store, archive and publish digital content - including documents, audio files, images and data sets - all in a safe place. MSAR is one of the strongest University Digital Repositories in Egypt and documented in the DSPACE community with its latest versions.

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    Game-Theoretic Adaptive Routing and Integrated Security Framework for Multi-Hop LoRaWAN Networks
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2026-03-20) Abdullah Alajmi; Abdulrahman Ghandoura; Abdelwahed Motwakel; Ghada Abdelhady
    Multi-hop Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) deployments supporting mission-critical applications face serious limitations when static routing protocols are unable to adapt to changing network conditions or routing-layer security threats. Our analysis indicates that static routing protocols can experience up to 43% degradation in packet delivery ratio under selective forwarding attacks compared to normal operating conditions. Current approaches offer limited capability to autonomously respond to topology changes, device failures, or varying traffic loads. This paper introduces a game-theoretic adaptive routing framework combined with reinforcement learning to dynamically optimize path selection in multi-hop LoRaWAN networks. The proposed framework operates entirely on the network server, while end devices perform only lightweight state reporting, ensuring compatibility with Class A LoRaWAN devices. Trust information derived from security monitoring is incorporated to balance performance objectives with security-aware routing decisions. The approach is evaluated through large-scale simulations with network sizes ranging from 100 to 2000 nodes. The results show consistent improvements in packet delivery ratio and latency compared to static routing across the evaluated scenarios, while maintaining stable performance under attack conditions. Attack detection achieves high precision (92.0%) with a low false positive rate (0.65%), with an average detection time of 26.6±6.8 seconds. Integration overhead remains limited, resulting in minimal additional energy consumption.
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    Biodegradation of Cyanide-Based Compounds by Rhodanese Produced from Kocuria rhizophila Under Submerged Fermentation and Its Role in Environmental Detoxification
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2026-03-10) Nada Z. Mahdi; Suhair Sh. Al-Siraj; Nehad A. Taher; Muneefah Abdullah Alenezi; Khyreyah J. Alfifi; Fauzeya Mateq Albalwe; Hanan Khalaf Anazi; Siham M. AL-Balawi; Mahmoud Galal; Maha F. Lotfy; Eman M. Sharaf
    Widespread release of cyanide from industrial activities represents a significant environmental challenge due to its acute toxicity and adverse effects on biological systems. In response to this concern, this study focused on the production of rhodanese from Kocuria rhizophila under submerged fermentation conditions and the assessment of its relevance for cyanide detoxification applications. A soil-derived Gram-positive bacterium was isolated and identified as Kocuria rhizophila based on morphological traits, biochemical profile-based VITEK 2 analysis, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Preliminary screening confirmed rhodanese production with an activity of 0.968 RU/mL. Under cyanide-induced submerged fermentation, enzyme production followed a growth-associated pattern and reached maximal activity at 40 h under optimized conditions (35 °C, pH 8.0). Partial purification using sequential precipitation and chromatographic steps enhanced enzyme purity, and SDS–PAGE analysis of the final fraction revealed protein bands at approximately 40, 140, and 260 kDa. Biochemical characterization showed Km values of 33.9 mM for KCN and 19.7 mM for sodium thiosulfate, with a Vmax of ~5.6 µmol min−1 mL−1 for KCN and optimal activity at pH 7–8 and 35 °C. Functional assays demonstrated efficient cyanide detoxification, achieving >85% conversion of KCN, ~92% of NaCN, and 65–77% of Ca (CN)2 within 60 min in vitro. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that Kocuria rhizophila represents a promising microbial source of rhodanese with efficient cyanide-detoxifying activity, highlighting its potential for biotechnological and environmental remediation applications.
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    Effect of Kinetic Control Exercise on Shoulder Dysfunction Post Mastectomy
    (Dr. Yashwant Research Labs Pvt. Ltd., 2026-04-04) Alaa Tarek Mostafa ElNawawy; Karim Ibrahim Saafan; Ahmed Salem Salem El fiqi; Haidy Nady Ashem
    Background: Post-mastectomy shoulder dysfunction (PMSD) is a common complication that negatively affects functional ability and quality of life. Impairments in scapular stability and motor control contribute significantly to restricted shoulder movement and pain. Kinetic control exercises may improve shoulder function by enhancing muscle coordination and movement efficiency. Objective: To investigate the effect of kinetic control exercises on shoulder function in patients with shoulder dysfunction following mastectomy. Methods: Sixty female patients within age ranged from 40 to 50 were selected from learning hospitals Al Kaser Al Ayni hospital and National Cancer Institution who had undergone unilateral modified radical mastectomy one month after the surgery. They were randomly assigned into two groups. Group A (n = 30) received kinetic control exercises inform of activation local and general Stabilizer, mobilizer, while Group B (n = 30) received traditional therapy inform of stretching and strengthening exercise as shoulder roll, arm circle, wall climb, back climb and hand behind neck. Both groups received three sessions per week for eight weeks. Shoulder range of motion (flexion, extension, abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation) was assessed using a goniometer. Scapular stability and kinetic control were evaluated using a pressure biofeedback unit. Pre- and post-treatment measurements were statistically analyzed. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in all shoulder range-of-motion measures (p < 0.001). However, Group A demonstrated significantly greater improvements compared to Group B in shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, and rotational movements (p < 0.01). Pressure biofeedback assessment revealed improved scapular stability and reduced compensatory patterns in the kinetic control group. The geniometer results in this study highlight the clear superiority of kinetic intervention protocols in improving shoulder mobility across all ranges of motion. While control groups achieved only modest gains44% in flexion, 3% in extension, 17% in abduction, 22% in adduction, and 8% in internal rotation—the kinetic groups consistently demonstrated far greater improvements, reaching 109% in flexion, 43% in extension, 85% in abduction, 63% in adduction, and 32% in internal rotation. Similarly, biofeedback readings confirmed significant progress in both groups, though kinetic protocols again produced markedly higher gains: flexion improved by over 200% compared to 36% in the control, abduction by 64% versus 28%, depression by 56% versus 33%, and retraction by 18% versus 16%. Collectively, these findings underscore the therapeutic superiority of kinetic interventions in restoring and enhancing shoulder mobility. Conclusion: Kinetic control exercises are more effective than traditional rehabilitation alone in improving shoulder mobility and scapular stability after mastectomy. Incorporating kinetic control into post-mastectomy rehabilitation programs is recommended to enhance functional recovery.
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    CLINICAL UNCERTAINTY IN DENTISTRY: NAVIGATING DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC GRAY ZONES
    (The Egyptian Dental Association, 2026-04-01) Lubna Ahmad Amro
    Background: Clinical uncertainty, caused by biological variability, imperfect diagnostic tools, and incomplete or conflicting evidence ,is a feature of dental practice and a major driver of variability in diagnosis, treatment planning, and clinician stress. Aim: This narrative review synthesizes the possible reasons uncertainty arises across dental diagnosis and treatment planning, it’s influence on clinical decision-making, and examines educational & practice strategies can help clinicians navigate diagnostic and therapeutic gray zones more safely and transparently. Methods: A search of dentistry focused uncertainty and clinical decision making literature, including scoping review evidence, studies on interpretive variability, guideline/evidence limitations, and emerging work on artificial intelligence (AI) in oral diagnosis and education was performed using PUBMED,SCOPUS, and WEB OF SCIENCE including 43 studies. Results: Uncertainty is sustained by heterogeneous disease natures and borderline clinical findings, further complicated by interclinician variability and gaps in high quality evidence; thus increasing reliance on experience, and risk tolerance, contributing to inconsistent recommendations. Educational approaches that explicitly teach uncertainty management such as case-based learning, reflective practice, mentorship, and bias-awareness, support more resilient clinical reasoning. AI may reduce some diagnostic uncertainty, but also introduce new concerns about transparency, calibration, and safe deployment. Conclusion: Instead of being disregarded, uncertainty should be anticipated, communicated, and managed. Structured educational frameworks, standardized diagnostic calibration, shared decision-making, and cautiou integration of validated AI tools can improve consistency, safety, and clinician confidence.
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    Induction of ROS-mediated genomic instability, mitochondrial deploarization and p53-independent mitochondrial apoptotic cell death by bioactive glass nanoparticles in human A431 epidermoid skin cancer cells
    (BioMed Central Ltd, 2026-04-02) Hanan R H Mohamed; Shahd Mosaad; Aya A. Osman; Alaa H. Elsewedy; Habiba M. Zaki; Mayada E. Borai; Gehan Safwat
    Epidermoid skin cancer remains a significant clinical challenge due to the limited selectivity, systemic toxicity, and resistance associated with conventional chemotherapies. Bioactive glass nanoparticles (BGNPs), widely recognized for their regenerative capacity and excellent biocompatibility, have recently gained attention in nanomedicine. However, their anticancer potential, particularly in epidermoid skin cancer, has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the present study was conducted to systematically evaluate, for the first time, the cytotoxic effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of BGNPs in human A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells. Cancerous A431cells were treated with BGNPs across a concentration range of 7.8–1000 µg/ml, and cytotoxicity was quantified using the MTT assay, revealing a potent concentration-dependent reduction in cell viability with an IC50 value of 187.81 µg/ml. Mechanistic analyses demonstrated that A431 cell exposure to BGNPs at the IC50 concentration led to a significant increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), as detected using the 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay, accompanied by severe mitochondrial membrane depolarization and dramatic genomic DNA damage, as confirmed by Rhodamine-123 staining and alkaline comet assay. Apoptosis was validated by DAPI staining and chromatin diffusion assays, which demonstrated characteristic nuclear condensation and fragmentation, along with significant increases in the proportion of apoptotic A431 cells following BGNPs treatment compared to untreated control cells. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis showed significant downregulation of apoptotic p53 alongside marked upregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and mitochondrial ND3 genes, indicating disruption of mitochondrial and apoptotic regulatory pathways. Conclusion: Collectively, this study provides novel mechanistic evidence that BGNPs induce potent cytotoxicity in A431 cells through a ROS-mediated, mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway. Despite being limited to a single in vitro cell line, these findings highlight BGNPs as promising multifunctional anticancer candidates, warranting further in vitro studies across additional skin cancer models and normal keratinocyte cell lines alongside n vivo validation and exploration in combination therapeutic strategies.