MSA Repository "MSAR"

MSAR University's Digital Repository is a documentation and digitization of all university outcomes that are of effective value in the scientific and academic community and reflects the university's image, work, and effective contribution to society Through MSAR Digital Repository, the university managed to collect, store, archive and publish digital content - including documents, audio files, images and data sets - all in a safe place. MSAR is one of the strongest University Digital Repositories in Egypt and documented in the DSPACE community with its latest versions.

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RESEARCH & LANGUAGES CENTERS 18

Recent Submissions

Comparative efficacy of rectangular and round wire fixed orthodontic retainers on tooth alignment, periodontal health, and failure rates: A systematic review and meta-analysis
(Elsevier Masson s.r.l., 2026-04-15) Dalal Alkhawari; Abdulaziz Owayed; Yousef Ashour; Yousef T. Aldoseri; Saad Almutairi; Maryam Almhanedy; Yousef K. Alajmi; Zaina AlTahiri; Layan Alameeri; Hanan T. Alenezi; Mohamed Farid; Sayed Ali Alsaleh
Background: Retention after orthodontic treatment aims to maintain tooth position and prevent relapse, yet no consensus exists on the optimal fixed retainer design. Rectangular and round (multistrand) wires are commonly used, but evidence comparing their effectiveness on stability, periodontal health, and survival remains inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of rectangular and round wire fixed retainers on tooth alignment, periodontal health, and failure rates. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched from inception to 8 January 2026 for randomized controlled trials directly comparing rectangular and round wire retainers. Meta-analysis was conducted using R 4.5.0 with R Studio 2024.12.1 + 563. A random-effects model was applied, using mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for continuous outcomes and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CI for dichotomous outcomes. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using I-squared (I2) statistics and forest plots. Results: Nine studies including 994 participants were analyzed. Rectangular wires showed a statistically significant difference in maintaining lower incisor alignment measured by Little's Irregularity Index at 9 months (MD = 0.22 mm, 95% CI: 0.16–0.28, P < 0.001) and 12 months (MD = 0.20 mm, 95% CI: 0.02–0.39, P = 0.03), but not at 3, 6, or 24–36 months. Heterogeneity at 12 months was high (I2 = 73.2%). No significant differences were found in retainer failure rates at any follow-up interval, including 6, 12, or 24–36 months, and no significant differences were observed in gingival index, plaque index, or intercanine width at any follow-up. Conclusion: Rectangular wire retainers may provide a modest short-term advantage in anterior alignment at 9–12 months, while both wire types show comparable long-term outcomes, periodontal effects, and failure rates. Large-scale randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up are warranted.
Exploration of the In Vitro and In Vivo Neuroprotective Efects of Several Polyphenolics on LPS-Induced Neuroinfammation
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2026-04-13) Mona Elkhatieb; Rasha A. Radwan; Doaa Abou El-ezz; Christine Adel Sedky; Ulrike Breitinger; Nabila Hamdi; Amira Emad Abdelaziz; Sarah Atef Fahim; Ahmed M. Hafez
Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are key components in neurodegenerative diseases, where early intervention using natural treatments may offer neuroprotective effects. This study shows that isoliquiritigenin (ISL), hesperidin (HES), and curcumin (CUR) can mitigate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. The compounds were initially tested for cytotoxicity and found to reduce nitric oxide (NO) production, especially CUR and ISL. They were able to restore antioxidant enzyme activities both in vivo and in vitro. All treatments reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression compared to the untreated LPS control group. Behavioral assessments indicated that LPS impaired spatial and nonspatial memory, but treatments improved cognitive performance. Biomarker analyses revealed that ISL, HES, and CUR reduced the interleukin (IL)-1β and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) ratio in the hippocampus. Moreover, they decreased the level of caspase-3 demonstrated by western blotting and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level. Thereby they inhibited LPS elicited apoptosis. Likewise, their anti-inflammatory effects were illustrated in the histopathological examination. Furthermore, they decreased the expression of amyloid-β. The study reinforces the potential of these natural compounds as protective and therapeutic cost-effective alternatives for managing neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
Yttrium oxide nanoparticles induce potent selective cytotoxicity in HeLa cervical cance cells through ROS-mediated genomic instability and mitochondrial apoptosis
(Nature Research, 2026-04-13) Hanan R. H. Mohamed; Shahd O. Elhaggan; Rawan S. Hekal; Chahd W. H. Fahmy; Zeina Noure; NadaAhmed; Ayman Diab; Gehan Safwat
Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, emphasizing the need for safer, more selective therapies. Yttrium oxide nanoparticles (Y2O3-NPs) have unique physicochemical properties, but their anticancer potential in cervical carcinoma remains underexplored. This study therefore estimated the cytotoxic effects of Y2O3-NPs in HeLa cervical cancer cells and normal HFB4 melanocytes, with mechanistic analyses focused on HeLa cells. Cells were exposed to Y₂O₃-NPs various concentrations and viability was assessed via MTT assay. Mechanistic endpoints; including total ROS generation, mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA damage, apoptotic morphology, and expression of apoptosis- and mitochondria-related genes, were analyzed using fluorescence assays, alkaline Comet assay, nuclear staining, and quantitative RT-PCR. Y2O3-NPs reduced HeLa cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner with markedly low IC50 value of 52.22 µg/mL (0.231 mM), whereas HFB4 cells were less affected and exhibited markedly greater IC50 value of 264.10 µg/mL (1.169 mM); high selectivity index of 5.06 demonstrating preferential cytotoxicity toward Hela cancer cells. Exposure to the IC50 concentration induced marked ROS overproduction, dramatic mitochondrial depolarization, severe DNA damage, and observable apoptotic nuclear changes in cancerous HeLa cells, accompanied by upregulation of apoptotic p53, anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, and mitochondrial ND3 gene expression. Conclusion: These findings Y2O3-NPs exert strong and selective cytotoxic effects against HeLa cervical cancer cells while causing minimal toxicity to normal HFB4 melanocytes. This preferential cytotoxicity appears to be mediated by Y2O3-NPs–induced oxidative stress, genomic DNA damage, mitochondrial depolarization, and activation of mitochondrial-related apoptotic pathways. Although these results highlight the potential anticancer activity of Y2O3-NPs, further in vivo studies and detailed mechanistic investigations are needed to confirm their therapeutic efficacy and safety.
Climate-driven redistribution of harmful cyanobacterial blooms: a global MaxEnt projection of Microcystis aeruginosa suitable habitat
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2026-04-12) Sana M. Alenezi; Amal A. Al-Hazzani; Fatimah S. Alkhattaf; Sameh M. H. Khalaf
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa represent an escalating threat to freshwater ecosystems and public health worldwide, driven by climate change and eutrophication. This study employs maximum entropy (MaxEnt) modeling to project the global distribution of suitable habitat for M. aeruginosa under current and future climatic conditions. We compiled 395 occurrence records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and field surveys, integrating them with six bioclimatic variables selected through rigorous multicollinearity filtering: Annual Mean Temperature (bio_1), Temperature Seasonality (bio_4), Maximum Temperature of Warmest Month (bio_5), Mean Temperature of Warmest Quarter (bio_10), Precipitation of Driest Month (bio_14), and Precipitation of Driest Quarter (bio_17). The MaxEnt model demonstrated excellent predictive performance (AUC = 0.91, TSS = 0.82), identifying temperate and subtropical regions across central Europe, eastern North America, East Asia, and southern Australia as current high-suitability zones. Limiting factor analysis revealed Temperature Seasonality as the dominant constraint on global distribution, emphasizing the critical role of inter-annual climatic variability in governing bloom dynamics. Projections under Representative Concentration Pathways RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 for 2050 and 2070 indicate substantial northward expansion of suitable habitat, particularly under high-emission scenarios. By 2070 under RCP 8.5, suitable habitat is projected to increase by 8.4% globally, with pronounced gains in high-latitude regions of Canada, northern Europe, and Russia, while some currently suitable subtropical areas experience habitat contraction due to intensified drought stress. These findings identify regions where future climatic conditions may become increasingly suitable for M. aeruginosa occurrence, providing a basis for prioritizing monitoring and precautionary water resource management strategies.
A Critical Review of Analytical Methods for Rocuronium Quantification: Comparative Evaluation of Eco-Friendliness, Applicability and Performance
(Taylor and Francis Ltd, 2026-04-11) Christine M. El-Maraghy; Mohamed M. Abdelmaksoud; Sarah R. Abdulhalim; Nourhan M. Mohamed; Sandy S. Ibrahim
This review provides a critical evaluation of several analytical methods developed over the last two decades for the quantification of Rocuronium (ROC), either alone or in combination, in different matrices. The existing literature describes various analytical techniques for ROC analysis, such as spectrofluorimetric, electrochemical, chromatographic, capillary electrophoretic, and mass-spectrometric. However, no published study has assessed and compared these methods in terms of their analytical performance, eco-friendliness, sustainability and applicability. This review employs six assessment tools to evaluate the alignment of the reported analytical methods with the principles of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) and White Analytical Chemistry (WAC). The tools are: Complex modified green analytical procedure index (ComplexMoGAPI) and Analytical GREEnness Metric (AGREE) to evaluate the greenness, Blueness Assessment Graphical Index (BAGI) to assess the applicability of the method (blueness), and Red Analytical Performance Index (RAPI) for the analytical performance (redness). Finally, the Red-Green-Blue model (RGB-12 algorithm) and Multi-Color Assessment (MA) Tool were employed, which provide a unified “whiteness score” which reflects the degree of sustainability of the method. By evaluating the strengths, limitations, eco-friendliness, applicability, innovation, performance and sustainability of the reported methods, this review establishes a novel, comprehensive framework to guide decision-making in analytical method selection and development.