MSA Repository "MSAR"

MSAR University's Digital Repository is a documentation and digitization of all university outcomes that are of effective value in the scientific and academic community and reflects the university's image, work, and effective contribution to society Through MSAR Digital Repository, the university managed to collect, store, archive and publish digital content - including documents, audio files, images and data sets - all in a safe place. MSAR is one of the strongest University Digital Repositories in Egypt and documented in the DSPACE community with its latest versions.

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RESEARCH & LANGUAGES CENTERS 18

Recent Submissions

Ecotechnological Valorization of Verbesina encelioides: A dual strategy for sustainable biodiesel production and invasive weed mitigation
(Elsevier Ltd, 2026-01-03) Farzana; Fahd A. Nasr; Mushtaq Ahmad; Mohammed Al-zharani; You-Cai Xiong; Lina M. Alneghery; Hong-Yan Tao; Najeeb Ullah; Ahmad Mustafa; Shazia Sultana
The global shift towards renewable energy has intensified the need for sustainable technologies. The present study investigates the invasive weed Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook. Ex A. Gray as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production, while managing ecological issues. The seeds contain large amounts of oil (33 wt%) and a very low level of free fatty acids (0.16 wt%), which allows one-step transesterification using a synthesized cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanocatalyst prepared from seed husk (a waste product) as a precursor. The nanocatalyst was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). These techniques verified the porous morphology, cobalt-oxygen-rich composition, and highly crystalline structure, thereby confirming the presence of active catalytic sites. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was used to optimize the reaction parameters. Such as oil methanol molar ratio of 1:3, catalyst loading of 0.4 % wt., reaction temperature of 60 °C, and reaction time of 120 min, confirming the conversion of triglycerides into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and yielding a maximum biodiesel production of 97 %. The resulting biodiesel was characterized by FTIR, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), indicating complete transesterification, with oleic acid methyl ester as the dominant FAME. Compared to conventional diesel, the synthesized biodiesel exhibits high oxidative stability and standard combustion properties; the nanocatalyst also maintains recyclability and catalytic activity across multiple catalytic cycles. These results highlight the dual advantages of controlling an invasive species and generating high-quality biodiesel, which aids in designing bio-powered energy systems, efficient application technologies, and a circular bioeconomy.
Synthesis of a nano-emulsion of quercetin encapsulated vitamin E conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles for the systemic phyto-preventive effect: characterization and oral cancer application
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2026-01-05) Merhan N. El-Mansy; Zeyad M. Hamdy; Ahmed E. Abdelsamie; Ola M. ElBorady
Background: Globally, one of the most pressing public health concerns is the prevention of oral cancerous lesions. This study aimed to reverse the carcinogenic effect of DMBA in hamsters by using nano-emulsions of quercetin encapsulated vitamin E and iron oxide. Methods: The studied iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared by the co-precipitation method and then converted into nano-emulsions via the oil-in-water technique and characterized. The study included five equal groups of 30 Syrian male hamsters aged eight weeks. Group A constituted a negative control, and Group B received 25 mg kg−1 of nano-emulsion orally three times per week for eight weeks. Group C (positive control) was painted with DMBA on the left pouches three times per week for six weeks. Group D received 25 mg kg−1 of quercetin thrice per week for two weeks orally, with a continued painting of DMBA per week for six weeks. Group E received 25 mg kg−1 of nano-emulsion orally, three times per week, for two weeks, and then continued using it with painting DMBA three times per week for six weeks. Results: The morphological and chemical characterization of the synthesized emulsions revealed the formation of spherical particles in the nanoscale emulsion. A significant improvement was noted in the nano-emulsion group compared to the DMBA-painted group in multiple biochemical parameters, such as hemoglobin, RBCs, platelets, WBCs, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, ALT, AST, creatinine, and urea. The histopathological and immunohistochemical assessments revealed well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma in the DMBA-treated group, with intense expression of Ki-67 and Bcl-2. In the quercetin-treated group, superficial invasion of carcinoma in situ was noted with a moderate decrease in the expression of Ki-67 and Bcl-2. Marked improvement was observed in the quercetin nano-emulsion-treated group that showed moderate to severe dysplasia with an obvious decrease in Ki-67 and Bcl-2 expression. Conclusion: The study results confirmed that the prepared quercetin-vitamin E-Fe3O4 formulations are novel in combining magnetic targeting and antioxidant co-protection nano-emulsions and significantly prevented oral squamous cell carcinoma in hamsters.
STROKECT-BENCH: Evaluating Convolutional and Transformer-Based Deep Models for Automated Stroke Diagnosis Using Brain CT Imaging
(Science and Information Organization, 2025-01-04) Raghda Essam Ali; Reda Abdel-Wahab El-Khoribi; Ehab Ezzat Hassanein; Farid Ali Moussa
Stroke detection from computed tomography (CT) images is an important research direction in computer vision. However, prior studies often use different preprocessing steps, model configurations, and evaluation protocols, making it difficult to compare results or assess architectural reliability. This paper presents an exploratory benchmark that evaluates representative convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and vision transformer (ViT) models under a unified experimental setting for binary stroke classification. STROKECT-BENCH is introduced as a standardized framework in which five CNNs and four transformerbased models are trained on the Brain Stroke CT Image dataset (1,551 normal and 950 stroke images) using identical preprocessing, augmentation, optimization parameters, and performance metrics. The results show that transformer models, particularly PVT-Small and Swin Transformer, achieve the highest accuracy and AUC, while EfficientNetB0 provides a strong balance between accuracy and computational efficiency. As an exploratory study, the findings aim to establish reliable baselines rather than clinical validation. STROKECT-BENCH offers a consistent evaluation reference for future work involving patient-level datasets, external validation, and multimodal stroke-analysis approaches.
Combination Therapy Using Bilosome–Chitosan Nanocarriers for Effective Drug Delivery of Daclatasvir and Xanthone in COVID-19 and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Preclinical Assessment
(Springer New York, 2026-01-04) Marwa H. S. Dawoud; Heba T. Elbalkiny; Amr Abdelhamid; Mai A. Amer; Reham Wasfi; Mai A. Zaafan1
Purpose: COVID-19 pandemic has driven the urgent need for effective antiviral treatments and strategies to combat its life-threatening complications. This study aims to develop a combination therapy approach using daclatasvir, as an antiviral agent, and xanthone, as a potent anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic compound, delivered via Bilosome-Chitosan Nanoparticles (BCNP). Methods: The impact of varying the bilosome-to-chitosan ratio on the particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) was evaluated. An optimized formula was prepared and tested for its antiviral activity and its potential for pulmonary protection in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on mice model. Results: The optimized formulation (O1) showed a PS of 222.67 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.368, a ZP of -19.10 mV, and EE% of 83.78% for xanthone and 78.98% for daclatasvir. Controlled release profiles were attained, with daclatasvir released over 24 h and xanthone sustained for up to 72 h. The optimized formula showed promising deposition lung profile when tested using MPPD modelling. O1 demonstrated strong antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, with a selectivity index (SI = 5.02) and an IC50 of 3.87 µM. Additionally, the formulation exhibited pulmonary protective effects by modulating the LncGAS5/ACE2 pathway, with significant improvements in the lungs of the mice model, offering a potential therapeutic strategy against ARDS, a severe and often fatal COVID-19 complication. Conclusion: A successful BCNP formulation combining daclatasvir and xanthone was prepared, providing a promising combination therapy approach for COVID-19 treatment and ARDS prevention.
Fractographic analysis of 3D printed hybrid ceramic single crowns with different aging and post-curing times: an in-vitro study
(Nature Research, 2025-12-26) Salma Hatem; Bassem Emad; Nermeen Nagi; Aliaa Ibrahim Mahrous
Since increasing 3D-printed ceramics are being introduced to restorative dentistry, a critical evaluation of fabrication parameters for optimal clinical performance is necessary. While post-curing treatments have some influence on material properties, their impact on fracture resistance is not clear. This in vitro study aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of different post-curing times (10 vs. 20 min) and thermocycling aging (5,000 vs. 10,000 cycles) on the fracture resistance and failure modes of 3D-printed hybrid ceramic crowns (Saremco CrownTec). CAD software was utilized to create a standardized digital model of a mandibular first premolar crown. Eighty identical samples were produced with a high-precision 3D printer (Asiga Max UV) using Saremco Print Crowntec hybrid ceramic material. Samples were randomly allocated to two major groups according to post-curing time in a UV polymerization unit (10 min vs. 20 min). Each group was then assigned to two subgroups (n = 20 each) for thermocycling treatment (5,000 or 10,000 cycles between 5 °C and 55 °C). All crowns were adhesively cemented on PEEK dies with standardized preparation geometry. Fracture resistance testing was accomplished with a universal testing machine (Instron 5966) using a 5.6 mm steel ball indenter at 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed. Failure modes were examined using scanning electron microscopy SEM. Statistical analysis was conducted using two-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). The 10-minute post-cure group showed slightly greater mean fracture resistance (506.36 ± 58.44 N) than the 20-minute group (492.50 ± 76.06 N), but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.428). Thermocycling analysis showed that specimens that underwent 5,000 cycles had slightly better fracture resistance (510.00 ± 72.36 N) than those which underwent 10,000 cycles (488.26 ± 62.64 N), but the difference was also not statistically significant (p = 0.250). The failure patterns were reported and analyzed with SEM, based on extensions of failures on the axial surface. Although long post-curing times and thermocycling aging exhibited tendencies for decreased fracture resistance, the effects were not statistically significant under the parameters tested. Research in the future should examine the influence of various post-curing intensities and extended aging simulations to further support these results.