Protective effects of butylated hydroxytoluene on the initiation of N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in albino rats
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Date
2023-03
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Type
Article
Publisher
SAGE Publications Inc.
Series Info
Human and Experimental Toxicology;Volume 42: 1–11
Scientific Journal Rankings
Abstract
Diethylnitrosamine (DEN), a hepatocarcinogen, is found in a variety of smoked and fried foods and was reported to be
hepatotoxic in mice. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a potent antioxidant used in cosmetic formulations and as a food
additive and preservative. As a result, BHT was studied as a potential inhibitor in the early stages of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-
induced HCC. Male Wistar albino rats (n = 24) were equally subdivided. Group 1 was the negative control; Group 2 and
3 administered BHT and DEN, respectively; Group 4 received BHT followed by DEN. Blood samples and rat livers were taken
for biochemical and histological investigation. Hepatotoxicity was assessed by increased liver enzymes and HCC indicators, along
with reduced antioxidant and pro-apoptotic factors. AFP, AFPL3, GPC3, GSH, SOD, MDA, CASP3 and BAX expression
increased significantly after DEN treatment. DEN also reduced GPx, CAT, and CYP2E1 activity, and BCl-2 expression.
Moreover, in the hepatic parenchyma, the DEN caused histological alterations. Pretreatment with BHT enhanced antioxidant
status while preventing histopathological and most biochemical alterations. BHT pretreatment suppresses DEN-initiated HCC
by decreasing oxidative stress, triggering intrinsic mitotic apoptosis, and preventing histopathological changes in liver tissue.
Description
Keywords
butylated hydroxytoluene,, diethylnitrosamine,, hepatocellular carcinoma,, initiation stage,, protective