Comparative Study among the Germination and Propagation of Different Capsicum Annuum Cultivars using Tissue Culture Techniques

Abstract

Morphogenetic potential of seed and explants culturing of three capsicum annuum L. ( pepper) genotypes (Gedion, Moaz, and Mohand) were studied to evaluate different plant regeneration protocols and develop a reliable system for plant propagation. An efficient procedure of in vitro plant regeneration through seed and direct shoot bud induction was tested from different explants of capsicum annuum L. Several methods of media preparation with combinations of growth regulators were used, and 2 combinations were found ideal for seed propagation with 7 mg/l 2,4-D or 5 mg/l IBA respectively. Additionally, it was indicated that seed dormancy can effect its propagation also the positioning of the seed or explants onto the media. Propagated seeds demonstrated shoot and root elongation. Regeneration of the explants did not show satisfactory results because most of the explants did not develop into normal shoots but instead developed into calli after 15 days of culture. HPLC Analysis of cultivars demonstrated that fructose suger percentage was higher in the three different types of pepper, followed by sucrose then glucose. Also the HPLC analysis drew out that media supplemented with 7mg/l 2,4-D generally had the highest effect of capsaicinoid sugar content in the following order i.e. cultivar Mohand was showed high significant in sugar content of capsaicinoid followed by Gedion and Moaz. Application of DPPH method illustrated that extracts obtained from Moaz leaves characterized the most proactive antioxidant (vitamin C) properties than Gedion and Mohand. A were noticed. The results of these studies indicated that antioxidant activities of the extract prepared from pepper leaves depended mainly on phenolic compounds.