Characterization of Some Enteroviruses in Irrigating Water of Rural and Urban Areas in Egypt and in Clinical Samples with the Assessment of Ethanolic Extract of Nigella sativa in Response to these Viruses

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the frequency of enteroviruses in irrigation water of Egyptian rural and urban areas and also studying the effect of ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa on these viruses in vitro. 23 samples were collected from irrigation water sites which irrigate freshly eaten crops on El-Giza and El-Menofya Governorates from March 2017 to May 2017; fourteen samples from five rural sites in El-Menofya which no sanitation systems serve these regions and nine samples from three urban sites in El-Giza served by sanitation systems were investigated. From these samples, Adenoviruses were the highly detected (39.1%) followed by rota viruses (26.1%) and then noroviruses (8.7%). Presence of sanitation systems may affect the frequency of enteric viruses in irrigation water. Rotaviruses were the most frequent in the diarrheal samples collected from the same areas of irrigation water samples followed by adenoviruses and finally noroviruses. Considerable reduction of genome copies and infectious units of both rotavirus Wa strain and adenovirus type 7 was observed by treatment with ethanolic extract of Nigella Sativa in vitro