Extraction of grape seeds by different solvents affects the activities of the resultant extract
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Date
2025-03-19
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Type
Article
Publisher
Springer Open
Series Info
AMB Express ; Volume 15, Issue 1 , December 2025 , Article number 51
Scientific Journal Rankings
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are concentrated in grape seeds; 60–70% of the extractable grape phenols are found in the
seeds. The focus of this research was to isolate the phytochemicals from grape seed and to determine their ability
to prevent haemolysis, their antioxidant and microbiological activities. By using the extraction procedure, three
solvents were used (distilled water, ethanol and methanol). A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC)
test was performed to analyse the phenolic compounds and flavonoids content that were used to determine
the efficiency of the various solvents used in the extraction process. All the variables under study, namely yield
percentage, phenolic component concentration, and flavonoid content got significantly affected by the choice
of the solvent used. The flavonoid content of the extracts was in the order methanolic extract>ethanolic
extract>water extract. The methanolic extract of the grape seeds exhibited the most powerful antioxidant
and hemolysis inhibitory effects among the three extracts, followed by the ethanolic and water extracts. The
antibacterial activity of methanolic extract was found to be higher as compared to the ethanolic extract against
Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial activity of the ethanolic and methanolic extracts against Salmonella
enteritidis, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger and Escherichia coli were found to be equivalent. In conclusion, grape
seeds contained several bioactive compounds that exerted an antioxidant, hemolysis inhibition and anti-microbial
activities. These activities depends on the concentration of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in the grape seed
extracts. Methanol was the superior solvent in the extraction process followed by ethanol.
Description
Q2
Keywords
Grape seed, Ethanol, Methanol, Flavonoids, Phenolic compounds
Citation
Tarek, K., Farid, A., & Safwat, G. (2025). Extraction of grape seeds by different solvents affects the activities of the resultant extract. AMB Express, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-025-01851-3