Modulation efciency of clove oil nano‑emulsion against genotoxic, oxidative stress, and histological injuries induced via titanium dioxide nanoparticles in mice

Abstract

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) have found wide applications in medical and industrial felds. However, the toxic efect of various tissues is still under study. In this study, we evaluated the toxic efect of TiO2-NP on stomach, liver, and kidney tissues and the amelioration efect of clove oil nanoemulsion (CLV-NE) against DNA damage, oxidative stress, pathological changes, and the apoptotic efect of TiO2-NPs. Four groups of male mice were subjected to oral treatment for fve consecutive days including, the control group, the group treated with TiO2-NPs (50 mg/kg), the group treated with (CLV-NE) (5% of the MTD), and the group treated with TiO2-NPs plus CLV-NE. The results revealed that the treatment with TiO2-NPs signifcantly caused DNA damage in the liver, stomach, and kidney tissues due to increased ROS as indicated by the reduction of the antioxidant activity of SOD and Gpx and increased MDA level. Further, abnormal histological signs and apoptotic efect confrmed by the signifcant elevation of p53 expression were reported after TiO2-NPs administration. The present data reported a signifcant improvement in the previous parameters after treatment with CLV-NE. These results showed the collaborative efect of the oils and the extra role of nanoemulsion in enhancing antioxidant efectiveness that enhances its disperse-ability and further promotes its controlled release. One could conclude that CLV-NE is safe and can be used as a powerful antioxidative agent to assess the toxic efects of the acute use of TiO2-NPs.