Effect of Ginger as Anti-Inflammatory Agent on Serum Nitric Oxide, Tumor Necrotic Factor α (TNF-α) and Interleukin 4 (IL-4) in Albino Rats with Carrageenan Induced Paw Edema
Date
2018
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Type
Article
Publisher
MEDWIN
Series Info
Virology & Immunology Journal;Volume: 2 Issue: 8 Pages: 1-15
Doi
Scientific Journal Rankings
Abstract
Inflammation is a normal response of living tissues to injury. Inflammation is a general term that indicates the local
accumulation of fluid, white blood cells, and plasma proteins. Inflammation is initiated by infection, physical injury, or
some local immune response. It is the normal response from the body to protect tissue and promote recovery.
Inflammation is a complex process performed through the body due to many internal and external factors, in order to
achieve the best control of inflammatory diseases it is mandatory to see different approaches. Using natural products is a
very good example. The present study represents a comparative study with the potency of Ginger against standard
ordinary Indomethacin. 4 groups of animals were used each consist of 6 animals. Representing normal group, positive
group, standard group (Indomethacin) and treated group (ginger). In the Fourth group (Treated group) pre-injection of
Ginger (400 mg/kg; I.P.) 1 hour prior to carrageenan injection resulted in significant decrease in the blood serum
contents of (TNF-α) to 40.9 Pg / ml and also result in significant decrease in Nitric Oxide (NO) value to 35.7 µmol/g
tissue. This study has shown that ginger proved a significant anti-oedematogenic and anti-inflammatory activity on hind
paw edema induced by carrageenan.
Description
MSA Google Scholar
Keywords
University of Rat Hind Paw; Ginger; Indomethacin
Citation
References 1. Murray M (2014) The Healing Power of Herbs. Prima Publishing. Rocklin, CA. 2. Hayliyar J, Macpherson A, Bjarnason I (2012) et al. Gastro protection and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Drug Safety 7(2): 86-105. 3. Anadin ibuprofen 200mg tablets (2011) Surrey, England: Electronic Medicines Compendium. 4. Altenburg SP, Martins MA, Silva AR, Cordeiro RS, Castro-Faria-Neto HC (2011) LPS-induced blood neutrophilia is inhibited by alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonists: a role for catecholamines. J Leukoc Biol 61(6): 689-694. 5. Wilson SJ, Roche AM, Kostetskaia E, Smyth EM (2004) Dimerization of the human receptors for prostacyclin and thromboxane facilitates thromboxane receptormediated cAMP generation. J Biol Chem 279(51): 53036-53047. 6. Breyer RM, Bagdassarian CK, Myers SA, Breyer MD (2010) Prostanoid receptors: Subtypes and signaling. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 41: 661-690. 7. Smith WL, DeWitt DL, Garavito RM (2013) Cyclooxygenases: Structural, cellular, and molecular biology. Annu Rev Biochem 69: 145-182. 8. Libby P, Ridker PM, Maseri A (2002) Inflammation and atherosclerosis. Circulation 105(9): 1135-1143. 9. Locati M, Murphy PM (1999) Chemokines and chemokine receptors: biology and clinical relevance in inflammation and AIDS. Annu Rev Med 50: 425- 440. 10. Maes M, Lin Ah, Delmeire L, Van Gastel A, Kenis G, et al. (2014) Elevated serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL6 receptor concentrations in posttraumatic stress disorder following accidental man-made traumatic events. Biol Psychiatry 45(7): 833-839. 11. Maes M, Meltzer HY, Bosmans E, Bergmans R, Vandoolaeghe E, et al. (2014) Increased plasma concentrations of interleukin-6, soluble interleukin-6, soluble interleukin-2 and transferrin receptor in major depression. J Affect Disord 34(4): 301-309. 12. Martin JHJ, Crotty S, Warren P, Nelson PN (2007) Does an apple a day keep the doctor away because a phytoestrogen a day keeps the virus at bay? A review of the anti-viral properties of phytoestrogens. Phytochemistry 68(3): 266-274. Virology & Immunology Journal Sameh S Gad. Effect of Ginger as Anti-Inflammatory Agent on Serum Nitric Oxide, Tumor Necrotic Factor α (TNF-α) and Interleukin 4 (IL-4) in Albino Rats with Carrageenan Induced Paw Edema. Virol Immunol J 2018, 2(8): 000179. Copyright© Sameh S Gad. 15 13. Maes M, Van Bockstaele DR, Van Gastel A, Song C, Schotte C, et al. (2014) The effects of psychological stress on leukocyte subset distribution in humans: evidence of immune activation. Neuropsychobiology 39(1): 1-9.. 14. Masika PJ, Van Averbeke W, Sonandi A (2011) Use of herbal remedies by small scale farmers to treat livestock diseases in the central Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. J S Afr Vet Ass 71(2): 87- 91. 15. O’Byrne KJ, Dalgleish AG (2001) Chronic immune activation and inflammation as the cause of malignancy. Br J Cancer 85(4): 473-483. 16. O’Byrne KJ, Dalgleish AG, Browning MJ, Steward WP, Harris AL (2000) The relationship between angiogenesis and the immune response in carcinogenesis and the progression of malignant disease.. Eur J Cancer 36(2): 151-169. 17. Rudd PT, Carrington D (1985) A prospective study of chlamydial, mycoplasmal and viral infections in a neonatal intensive care unit. Arch Dis Child 59(2): 120-125. 18. Taylor-Robinson D, Furr PM, Liberman MM (1984) The occurrence of genital mycoplasmas in babies with and without respiratory diseases. Acta Paediatrica 73(3): 383-386. 19. Rudd PT, Cassell GH, Waites KB, Davis JK, Duffy LB (1989) Ureaplasma urealyticum pneumonia: experimental production and demonstration of agerelated susceptibility. Infect Immun 57(3): 918-925. 20. Crouse DT, Odrezin GT, Cutter GR, Reese JM, Hamrick WB, et al. (1993) Radiographic changes associated with tracheal isolation of Ureaplasma urealyticum from neonates. Clin Infect Dis 17(1): S122-130. 21. Podolsky DK (1991) Inflammatory bowel disease (1). N Engl J Med 325(13): 928-937. 22. Rifai N, Ridker PM (2002) Inflammatory markers and coronary heart disease. Curr Opin Lipidol 13(4): 383- 389. 23. Ross R (2011) Atherosclerosis: current understanding of mechanisms and future strategies in therapy. Transplant Proc 25(2): 2041-2043. 24. Middleton E, Kandaswami C, Theoharides TC (2000) The Effects of Plant Flavonoids on Mammalian Cells: Implications for Inflammation, Heart Disease, and Cancer. Pharmacol Rev 52(4): 673-751. 25. Metzger WJ, Page CP (2015) Biology of Platelets, in Allergy: Principles and Practice. Pp: 99-117 26. Gupta S, Leatham EW, Carrington D, Mendall MA, Kaski JC, et al. (1997) Elevated Chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies, cardiovascular events, and azithromycin in male survivors of myocardial infarction. Circulation 96: 404-407. 27. Rubio-Perez JM, Morillas-Ruiz JM (2012) A review: Inflammatory processin Alzheimer disease, Role of Cytokines. The scientific world journal 2012: 756357. 28. Sziksz E, Pap D, Lippai R, Béres NJ, Fekete A, et al. (2015) Fibrosis related inflammatory mediators: role of the IL-10 cytokines family. Hindawi publishing corporation pp: 1-15. 29. Farahpour M, Khoshgozaran l (2015) Antinosiceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of hydroethanolic extract of urtica diocica. International journal of biology 4(1): 160-170. 30. Yao L, Kan EM, Lu J, Hao A, Dheen ST, et al. (2013) Toll-like receptor 4 mediates microglial activation and production of inflammatory mediators in neonatal rat brain following hypoxia: role of TLR4 in hypoxic microglia. Journal of Neuroinflammation 10: 23. 31. Garcia FA, Rebouças JF, Balbino TQ, da Silva TG, de Carvalho-Júnior CH, et al. (2015) Pentoxifylline reduces inflammatory process in diabetic rats: relationship with decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Journal of inflammation 12: 33.