Grape Seed Extract Induces G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis Via Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Breast and Colon Cancer Cell lines

Abstract

Grape seed as a fruit waste was found to have medicinal potentials, specially its procyanidine containment. The present work aimed to investigate the anticancer potential against two of the mostly spread cancers worldwide namely breast and colon cancers. Data recorded revealed that grape seed extract (GSE) demonstrated a dose dependent cytotoxic potential with an IC50 values of 148.5 and 190.2 μg/ml for CaCo-2 and MCF-7 respectively. Gene expression pattern of apoptosis related genes revealed that GSE stimulates a p53-independent apoptotic pathway which was associated with G2/M phase arrest (p˂0.05). The elevated level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the order of 28.5% and 40.8% in CaCo-2 and MCF-7, respectively suggested that GSE is involved also in initiating the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. These findings focus on the potential of using GSE as a multi-targeted cancer therapy to overcome the problem of resistance to current treatments.