Faculty Of Pharmacy Graduation Project 2018 - 2019

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Browsing Faculty Of Pharmacy Graduation Project 2018 - 2019 by Subject "Immunology"

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    Molecular characterization of hypervirulent phenotype-associated traits among K. pneumoniae in Egypt (RSPM2.6)
    (October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Osama Omar, Abdallah; Ahmed Hassan EL-Gawish, Mai; Mostafa Mansour Emam, Mai; Mohamed Safwat, Yara
    Background and Aim: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative and an enteric opportunistic bacterial pathogen. It includes classical (cKP) strains which cause hospital-acquired (HA) infections, particularly among immunocompromised patients, and hypervirulent (hvKP) strains that cause invasive community- acquired (CA) infections in immunocompetent individuals. The hvKP strains have been attributed to expression of hypermucoviscous phenotype. Recently, hvKP infections are progressively reported globally not only for CA infections but also for HA infections with increasing morbidity and mortality rates. This project aimed to study the prevalence of hypermucoviscous phenotype among clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae from hospitals in Egypt, and investigate the hypermucoviscosity related factors. Methods: The isolates were identified phenotypically by various biochemical tests and confirmed genotypically using a specific primer set. The hypermucoviscosity phenotype was detected by using string test. Eleven different genes that are potentially associated with the phenotypes of hypermucoviscosity and hypervirulence were investigated by PCR. The biogram antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated for the isolates against thirteen antimicrobial agents using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The isolates were tested by ERIC-PCR for fingerprinting. Statistical analysis was conducted using Chi-square. Results: According to string test, hypermucoviscous isolates were 40% of collected isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility study showed that 26% of hypermucoviscous isolates were MDR while 36% of non- hypermucoviscous isolates were MDR. The PCR assay results for Capsular serotype K2 gene showed that it is harbored by 68% of hypermucoviscous isolates while 7% only by non-hypermucoviscous isolates. Statistically there is no significant difference in all tested attributes between the cKP and hvKP isolates except for K2 gene. Conclusion: The antimicrobial resistance is not corresponded to the hypermucoviscosity phenotype. Resistance to carbapenems is a common feature among K. pneumoniae strains in Egypt. K2 gene is highly related to the hypermucoviscosity phenotype. This study show evidence that the hypermucoviscosity phenotype is not restricted only to the hypervirulent strains and consequently string test is a poor identification method for Hypervirulent variant especially in countries with low prevalence like Egypt.
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    STUDY ON THE ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF PROBIOTICS RECOVERED FROM PRODUCTS IN THE EGYPTIAN MARKET (RSPM 2.1)
    (October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Ayman Mamoun Ibrahim, Amr; Mohammed Kamel Abdellatif mohamed, Ayah; Osama Abdel Tawab seoudi, Mariam; Ahmed Hassan Abo Elela Abd ElBary, Mariem
    Probiotics have proven its efficacy in improving digestion, prevention of colon cancer and improving lactose intolerance. However, throughout the last decade the emerging crisis of antibiotic resistance arouse and threatened the use of probiotic, since their ability to act as reservoir for transferable antibiotic resistance genes. This study aims at identification and characterization of the transmissible antibiotic resistance genes in lactobacillus sp. isolated from products in the Egyptian Market. Twenty four dairy products were collected from factories, and milk shops then Lactobacillus sp. were isolated from samples on MRS agar. The antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was measured by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration against chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and erythromycin by microbroth dilution method. Twenty four Lactobacillus sp. isolates were recovered from samples including Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei. Lactobacillus sp. isolates showed highest resistance towards chloramphenicol followed by erythromycin and tetracycline. Tetracycline resistance was higher in dairy products from factories 33% (4/12) than those obtained from milk shops 30 % (3/10). The chloramphenicol resistance transferable gene (cat) was detected in (5/22) 22.7% of chloramphenicol resistant isolates; Transferable erythromycin resistance genes (ermB) and (ermC) genes were detected in (3/13) 23% and (6/13) 46.15 % of erythromycin resistant isolates. The prevalence of tetracycline resistance genes tet M, tet O, tet W, tet K, and tet L genes were 28.5%, 14.28%, 14.28%, 14.28 % and 14.28% and (int) genees responsible for transposon mediated transfer is detected accompanying (tetM) in L.casei isolated from raw cow milk , respectively. In conclusion, Lactobacillus sp. in Egyptian dairy products can act as a potential reservoir for antibiotic resistance gene which highlights the importance of screening these beneficial bacteria for antibiotic resistance and minimizing antibiotic consumption in dairy animals.