The protective effect of Korean red ginseng against rotenone-induced parkinsons disease in rat model: Modulation of nuclear factor- and caspase-3
Zaafan M.A.; Abdelhamid A.M.; Ibrahim S.M.
Date issued:
2019
Publisher:
Bentham Science Publishers
Series Info:
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
20
Type:
Article
Keywords:
Anti-oxidant
,
Caspase-3
,
Ginseng
,
Nuclear factor-??
,
Parkinsons disease
,
Rat model
,
amyloid beta protein
,
antiinflammatory agent
,
antioxidant
,
caspase 3
,
glutathione peroxidase
,
immunoglobulin enhancer binding protein
,
korean red ginseng
,
lipid peroxidase
,
malonaldehyde
,
plant extract
,
tumor necrosis factor
,
tyrosine 3 monooxygenase
,
unclassified drug
,
Casp3 protein, rat
,
caspase 3
,
dopamine
,
glutathione
,
immunoglobulin enhancer binding protein
,
neuroprotective agent
,
plant extract
,
rotenone
,
animal experiment
,
animal model
,
animal tissue
,
antiinflammatory activity
,
Article
,
brain disease
,
brain hemorrhage
,
brain tissue
,
controlled study
,
drug mechanism
,
enzyme activity
,
enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
,
experimental parkinsonism
,
ginseng
,
gliosis
,
histology
,
histopathology
,
immunohistochemistry
,
immunomodulation
,
locomotion
,
male
,
microscopy
,
nerve cell degeneration
,
neuroprotection
,
nonhuman
,
open field behavior
,
open field test
,
oxidative stress
,
polymerase chain reaction
,
protein analysis
,
protein expression
,
pyknosis
,
rat
,
venous congestion
,
animal
,
animal behavior
,
apoptosis
,
chemistry
,
drug effect
,
isolation and purification
,
metabolism
,
Panax
,
parkinsonism
,
pathology
,
randomization
,
South Korea
,
Wistar rat
,
Animals
,
Apoptosis
,
Behavior, Animal
,
Caspase 3
,
Dopamine
,
Glutathione
,
Male
,
Neuroprotective Agents
,
NF-kappa B
,
Oxidative Stress
,
Panax
,
Parkinsonian Disorders
,
Plant Extracts
,
Random Allocation
,
Rats, Wistar
,
Republic of Korea
,
Rotenone
Abstract:
Objective: Korean red ginseng was reported to have many biological effects like the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory activities. Oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation play major roles in the pathogenesis of Parkinsons disease (PD). The current study aimed to investigate the protective effects of ginseng on rotenone-induced PD in rats. Methods: Rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups: Normal rats, rotenone control, ginseng+rotenone and ginseng only treated rats. The severity of PD was evaluated through locomotor activity perceived in the open field test, histological examination and immunohistochemical detection of amyloid-? in brain tissues, in addition to the biochemical assessment of tyrosine hydroxylase activity in brain tissues. Moreover, the following parameters were investigated for studying the possible mechanisms of ginseng neuroprotective effect: Nuclear factor-?? (NF-??), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?), caspase- 3, lipid peroxides and reduced glutathione (GSH). Results: Ginseng exhibited potent neuroprotective effect that was reflected upon the histopathological examination, marked improvement in the locomotor activity and through its ability to suppress the amyloid-? deposition in the cortex and striatum along with significant increase in the tyrosine hydroxylase activity. Ginseng successfully inhibited the NF-?? inflammatory pathway in brain tissues beside the inhibition of other oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, it exhibited antiapoptotic effect via the inhibition of caspase-3 expression. Conclusion: Ginseng could be a promising treatment in PD. It can suppress dopaminergic neuron degeneration through variable mechanisms mainly via inhibition of NF-?? pathway in addition to inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis. 2019 Bentham Science Publishers.
Show full item record