Assessment of cell viability of heat cured and 3D printed denture base resins on humans’ oral epithelial cells, and rats’ hepatic and myocardial cells

Abstract

Objectives: Denture base materials contain unreacted monomers, which may act as bioactive compounds and affect cells and tissues in vital organs such as the liver and heart. The aim of this study was to assess the cytotoxic and cell viability effect of 3 Dimensional printed (3D) and heat cured acrylic (HCR) denture base resins on oral epithelial cells in humans and hepatic and myocardium cells in rats.

Materials and methods: The Sulfo-rhodamine B (SRB) assay was used to evaluate cell viability. In 96-well plates, aliquots of 100 µL cell suspension (5 × 103cells) were incubated for 24 h. Another aliquot of 100 µL media containing denture base materials, acrylic resin (heat cured acrylic resin; Acrostone) and 3D printed resin (Denture bases; iFun) in different concentrations, 0.00(control), 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 µg/ml were used to treat the cells of human oral epithelial cells, rats’ hepatic and myocardium cells.

Results: There was a concentration dependent decrease in the cell viability of human oral epithelial cells, and rats’ hepatic and myocardium cells in both heat cured acrylic resin and 3D printed resin.100ug/ml concentration caused the highest decrease in cell viability percentage. However, there was a statistical significant difference between all concentrations in the 3 cell lines. Also, morphological picture showed the heat cured resin had a more deteriorating changes in the 3 cell lines more than 3D printed resin.

Conclusion: 3D printed and heat cured acrylic denture base resins seemed to affect cell viability of human’s oral epithelial cells and rats’ hepatic and myocardium cells to some degree but without reaching cytotoxicity thresholds.

Clinical relevance: Denture wearers wear their dentures for long period of time, and as dentures are made up of chemicals which may have a deteriorating effect on the patients’ general health. This research investigates which denture base material to be considered as the most biocompatible and safe for patients’ usage. Also, helps practitioners in choosing the more biocompatible material for their patients.