Antihyperglycemic activity evaluation and chemical profiling of the edible pericarps of Phaseolus vulgaris L (RSPG2.2)

Abstract

The objective of our study is to find a scientific evidence for the traditional use of Phaseolus vulgaris L. In addition, to evaluate the effect of the combination between the plant extract and mesenchymal cells on type I diabetes. The social importance of diabetes mellitus is due to its significant spread in addition to its serious complications. Medicinal plants derived from different traditional systems are now excessively investigated for their effectiveness to facilitate the course of diabetes and its complications. One of such plants is Phaseolus vulgaris L. This plant was used in traditional medicine, for the treatment of diabetes and its complications. The in vivo antihyperglycemic effect was evaluated by using the polar and non-polar fractions of the 95% ethanol extract of the dried powder of P. vulgaris pericarps. In STZ-induced diabetic rats, the fractions were administered daily for 28 days using the oral route in the dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w. Another experiment was conducted in STZ-diabetic rats in which the non-polar fraction was tested again at its effective dose 200 mg/kg alone and in combination with intraperitoneal injection of bone marrow derived mesenchymal cells (1000.000 cells/rat i.p). The secondary metabolites of both P. vulgaris pods’ fractions the polar and non-polar fractions were analyzed using LC-MS/MS analysis to have a full picture of their composition. The non-polar fraction at 200 mg/kg showed the highest activity as it caused maximal reduction of serum glucose, total cholesterol, total triglycerides, and a significant increase in serum insulin and high density lipoprotein (HDL). The antidiabetic effect of the non-polar fraction of P. vulgaris was highly augmented when injected in combination with the mesenchymal cells. Our work provides a scientific base for the antidiabetic effect of Phaseolus vulgaris L. pericarps which is mainly attributed to its insulin secretagogue effect.