Multi-objective Optimization Approach of Enhancing Visual Comfort in Educational Buildings: A Case study-MSA University Classrooms, Egypt

Abstract

The design of shade devices and the window-to-wall ratio are crucial factors in enhancing visual comfort, productivity, and overall well-being in buildings. By managing the design and configuration of shade systems, it is possible to achieve ideal levels of Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) while reducing thermal discomfort from overheating and visual discomfort from glare. This research presents a multi-objective optimization (MOO) strategy for existing educational buildings that utilizes different geometric shapes to enhance the efficiency of daylight and visual performance. Using a parametric approach and evolutionary multi-objective computation via Wallacei-x plug-in for Grasshopper, various shading device opening ratios, shading geometry, and window material in existing educational buildings in West Cairo, Egypt, are implemented by implementing responsive façade systems. The study evaluates the impact of various fixed shading designs, including horizontal and vertical angled blinds, on daylight performance metrics such as Daylight Factor (DF), Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI), and glare risk (DGP). While no shading allows for maximum sun penetration, it also causes severe over-illumination and glare. In contrast, inclined horizontal shade at 15° provides maximum visual comfort and equal illumination distribution, albeit with diminished daylight availability. Vertical blinds at 0° and 15° provide a balance of daylight reduction and glare control, giving realistic options. Building on these findings, the study investigates the performance of a responsive shading system with five different polygonal geometries in a controlled classroom setting. The simulation study shows that responsive shading provides a flexible, efficient daylighting strategy, surpassing static designs. Geometric diversity and adaptation are essential for enhancing indoor environmental quality in hot, arid regions. Solutions for existing buildings are explored, providing recommendations for shading devices geometry in university buildings in a hot and dry climate.