Exploring the performance of indoor localization systems based on VLC-RSSI, including the effect of NLOS components using two light-emitting diode lighting systems

Abstract

We analyze the effect of diffuse reflection on indoor localization systems based on visible light communication. The target position is estimated using a received signal strength indication technique. Two lighting systems are considered: distinct and uniform lighting systems. Each utilizes commercially available light-emitting diodes and photodiodes with an illumination level conforming to standards. We introduce a comparative study between the two lighting systems through different transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) essential parameters. The results show that the uniform lighting system achieves less localization error (<= 20.43 cm) than a distinct lighting system (<= 45.9 cm). The uniform lighting system is well adapted to low-Rx field of view (FOV) and narrow radiation angle (error = 1 mm when semiradiation angle = 5 deg). In the case of a distinct lighting system, low-Rx FOV is also required, while the Tx semiradiation angle needs to be determined carefully (error <= 3.08 cm when semiradiation angle = 20 deg). Finally, the uniform lighting system shows flexibility in the process of Tx and Rx designs. A uniform lighting system can utilize Rxs with narrow FOVs (>= 8.6 deg), while a distinct lighting system is limited to Rx with a wide FOV (>= 53.96 deg). (C) 2015 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)