THE IMPACT OF OIL SPILLS ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND SURROUNDING COMMUNITIES: CASE OF SPAIN AND BRAZIL

Abstract

Marine oil spills have been of tremendous concern due to their adverse impact on economic and ecological systems. Major oil spills triggered worldwide consciousness of marine spill response. In past decades, significant advances have been made in diverse aspects including prevention and preparedness, spill response and cleanup options, modelling of marine oil spills, and response decision support. Risk aversion was always a problem in the oil and gas business, but it has never been more serious. However, challenges remain particularly associated with cold and harsh environmental conditions. The research paper will explore how oil spills influence the environment and surrounding communities, as well as how this catastrophic issue causes the death of most marine species and threatens the sustainability of countries, with a focus on the Prestige and Northeast Brazil oil spills. The paper urges more organizations is needed to follow accessible standards to improve their operating performance and overcome technical uncertainty. Oil and gas companies collaborate with their peers to build transparent platforms that guarantee that automated production projects can be carried out at low cost and with relatively little interruption.