Botulinum toxin and occlusal splints for the management of sleep bruxism in individuals with implant overdentures: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Background The available treatment options fail to provide definitive or curative management for bruxer patients rehabilitated with implant overdentures (OD). The data regarding Botulinum toxin (BTX) injection as a management strategy for bruxism remains unclear. This randomized, single-blinded, control-group, pretest-posttest prospective trial evaluated the occlusal guard and Botox injections (BTX) effectiveness in managing sleep bruxism (SB) in subjects whose one of the edentulous arches had been restored with the implant-supported OD.

Methods Forty-two patients diagnosed with definite bruxism were selected, all of which had implant-retained ODs opposing natural dentition. The participants were allocated randomly to three equal groups. Participants in group I (control group) were instructed to remove the OD at night; group II was managed with conventional occlusal stents. Those in group III were given BTX injections. New ODs were constructed for all groups, and all ball attachments were replaced with a new nylon cap. A baseline assessment (one month of OD insertion) of patient satisfaction and sleep quality was conducted, and then again at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of treatment. Subjective sleep quality was evaluated using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Patients’ satisfaction was evaluated using Temporomandibular disorders/numeric scales (TMD/NS). Prosthodontic (mechanical) complications were recorded during the follow-up period

Results Group III showed a statistically significant improvement in patient satisfaction and sleep quality compared to the other two groups at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months follow-up period (P =0 .001, 0.0001, 0.0013, and 0.0001 respectively). Regarding prosthodontic (mechanical) complications, the highest number of events was revealed in the control group.

Conclusions BTX and occlusal appliances effectively improve patient satisfaction and sleep quality of Bruxer patients rehabilitated with single arch implant overdentures.