Sustainable Photo- and Bio-Catalysts for Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

Millions of tons of agro-industrial wastes are produced annually all over the world. These wastes are not economically reused, create air, soil, and water pollution. That has negative impact on human health, tourism, economy, and environment. This comes with the increase of the worldwide population and the climate change that have affected the sustainability of the water resources causing the degradation of several renewable and non-renewable resources. Consequently, there is a great demand for applying non-conventional and developed cost effective techniques for wastewater reuse. This chapter will focus on the integrated valorization process for reaching to the point of zero-waste and fashioned valuable insights on the upcycling of apatite as one of the readily available and cost effective agro-industrial wastes into sustainable photo- and/bio-catalysts that can be applied in wastewater treatment.