“Role of karyotyping in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Abstract

Leukemia is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow. Bone marrow produces blood cells, leukemia can develop due to a problem with blood cell production. It usually affects the leukocytes, or white blood cells. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells, characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal cells that build up in the bone marrow and blood and interfere with normal blood cells. karyotyping helps to determine whether there are any abnormalities, structural and numerical problems within the chromosomes. The participants were chosen according to the needed criteria for the study and were gave written informed consents. Thirty participants were enrolled into the present study suffering from Acute Myeloid leukemia. All of participants bone marrow samples were obtained according to WHO 2010 criteria. The samples done under a serious of actions containing the following cultured in RPMI media in culture flask than harvesting after 72 hr. at the metaphase stage followed by trypsinization and staining process in order to prepare the slide for examination, chromosomes were analyzed using LUCIA Cytogenetics software. Half of the patients were normal (50%), while only one participant (3.3%) was 46XYt(15;17) , (4/30 ) (13.3%) were 47XY+8, (4/30) (13.3%) were 45XY-7, (2/30) (6.7%) were 46XYinv(16), (2/30) (6.7%) were 47XY+22, (1/30) (3.3%) were 47XY+19 ,and (1/30) (3.3%) were 46XYt(9;22). In the present study, all the participants with acute myeloid leukemia showed a change in the following parameters. The majority of them shows increase in pBBlast, BMBlast, and Tlc, while it showed a decrease in hemoglobin and platelets count. Finally, most of the participants which were twenty-five having hepatosplenomegaly.