“The potential antimicrobial and anti-virulence activity of soil rhizobacteria against bacterial human pathogens”

Abstract

Bacterial pathogenicity is a complex process involving a wide range of extracellular and cell wall components that are coordinately expressed during different stages of infection, disrupting the balance between bacteria and host. Bacterial pathogenesis is generally considered to be multifactorial due to the combined action of virulence factors through the following steps: (i) host invasion, (ii) tissue colonization, (iii) tissue damage, and (iv) host defenses evasion. Traditional approaches to combat microbial infections are based on interruption of cell growth, more specifically by inhibiting cell wall synthesis, destabilizing components of membrane, inhibiting DNA replication, or restricting protein synthesis. Although these strategies remain effective and have been of great importance to treat infectious diseases, microorganisms presenting multidrug resistance to conventional antimicrobials become more common and today are considered a major public health problem. Antibiotic resistance is a normal part of life. Antibiotic resistance, on the other hand, is driven by a mix of bacteria that have been exposed to antibiotics, as well as the propagation of those germs and their resistance mechanisms. Bacterial biofilm cause resistance infection because of their tolerance to antibiotics, in addition their resisting to the body's defense mechanisms and virulence factors are bacterial cell parties, products and strategies that help them to invade other organisms and cause infection like, toxins, adhesins. Natural Product Against Bacteria: As the epidemic of life-threatening bacterial, fungal, and viral infections increases and these human pathogens are capable of developing resistance to current treatment strategies, new agents need to be found and developed to combat them (Natural Product) these molecules need to be less toxic, have higher specific activity, and have higher bioavailability, such as Curcumin, Essential oil and Honey. Antivirulence therapy is an alternative approach to controlling bacterial infections, which target the virulence rather than the viability of pathogens, leading to less severe infections of a level that can be cleared by the host’s immune system. The aim of our study is the potential antibacterial and anti-virulence activity by soil microorganisms against bacterial human pathogens. The objective is screening of antibacterial and antivirulence activity of soil isolates against bacterial human pathogens, and the possible active components involved in the antibacterial or anti-virulence activity of 6 rhizobacteria. Our plan of work will be: Collecting the soil samples isolation of rhizobacteria, Extraction of rhizobacteria supernatant., assessing the antibacterial activity of rhizobacterial supernatant extract against selected bacterial isolates, assessing the antibiofilm activity of rhizobacterial supernatant extract against selected bacterial isolates, identification of the promising isolates using 16SrRNA ribosomal sequence. Finally, identification for extract components that have the antibacterial and antibiofilm