Faculty Of Pharmacy Graduation Project 2020 - 2022

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Synthesis of Novel Thiadiazole Derivatives with Biological Interest
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2022) Khalil, Merna Samir Kamel; Abdelhamid, Mohamed Salah; Youseif, Nada Mohamed Zoheir; Amin, Noran Magdy Abdelmenuim
Cancer has been one of the main causes of mortality over the past few decades. 1,3,4- Thiadiazole is a nitrogenous heterocyclic five-membered ring with several medicinal applications, it is also known to possess potent anticancer activity through different mechanisms of action allowing it to be used as a starting compound for designing anticancer drugs. In this study, some novel 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives bearing thiazole ring were synthesized and screened for cytotoxic activity and selectivity against breast (MCF-7), liver (HepG2), and normal (Vero) cell lines using 5-Fluorouracil as a positive control. The tested compounds showed promising activity with high selectivity indices
“The potential antimicrobial and anti-virulence activity of soil rhizobacteria against bacterial human pathogens”
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2022) Talaat, Reham; Zaki, Ziad; Hussien, Ahmed Mohamed; Anwar, Mostafa Osama
Bacterial pathogenicity is a complex process involving a wide range of extracellular and cell wall components that are coordinately expressed during different stages of infection, disrupting the balance between bacteria and host. Bacterial pathogenesis is generally considered to be multifactorial due to the combined action of virulence factors through the following steps: (i) host invasion, (ii) tissue colonization, (iii) tissue damage, and (iv) host defenses evasion. Traditional approaches to combat microbial infections are based on interruption of cell growth, more specifically by inhibiting cell wall synthesis, destabilizing components of membrane, inhibiting DNA replication, or restricting protein synthesis. Although these strategies remain effective and have been of great importance to treat infectious diseases, microorganisms presenting multidrug resistance to conventional antimicrobials become more common and today are considered a major public health problem. Antibiotic resistance is a normal part of life. Antibiotic resistance, on the other hand, is driven by a mix of bacteria that have been exposed to antibiotics, as well as the propagation of those germs and their resistance mechanisms. Bacterial biofilm cause resistance infection because of their tolerance to antibiotics, in addition their resisting to the body's defense mechanisms and virulence factors are bacterial cell parties, products and strategies that help them to invade other organisms and cause infection like, toxins, adhesins. Natural Product Against Bacteria: As the epidemic of life-threatening bacterial, fungal, and viral infections increases and these human pathogens are capable of developing resistance to current treatment strategies, new agents need to be found and developed to combat them (Natural Product) these molecules need to be less toxic, have higher specific activity, and have higher bioavailability, such as Curcumin, Essential oil and Honey. Antivirulence therapy is an alternative approach to controlling bacterial infections, which target the virulence rather than the viability of pathogens, leading to less severe infections of a level that can be cleared by the host’s immune system. The aim of our study is the potential antibacterial and anti-virulence activity by soil microorganisms against bacterial human pathogens. The objective is screening of antibacterial and antivirulence activity of soil isolates against bacterial human pathogens, and the possible active components involved in the antibacterial or anti-virulence activity of 6 rhizobacteria. Our plan of work will be: Collecting the soil samples isolation of rhizobacteria, Extraction of rhizobacteria supernatant., assessing the antibacterial activity of rhizobacterial supernatant extract against selected bacterial isolates, assessing the antibiofilm activity of rhizobacterial supernatant extract against selected bacterial isolates, identification of the promising isolates using 16SrRNA ribosomal sequence. Finally, identification for extract components that have the antibacterial and antibiofilm
Newly synthesized Pyrazolo-Pyrimidines of anticipated biological activity.
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2022) Ahmed, Yara Hazem Mohamed; Helmy, Nour Tarek; Mostafa, Mahdy Mohammed; Shawki, Abodaba Besada
Cancer is a huge group of diseases that is triggered almost in any organ of the body when irregular cells mature uncontrollably. Finding of a curative agent may be challenging. Recently, derivatives of Pyrazolopyrimidines have grabbed attention due to their structural variations and biological activities like anticancer, antimicrobial, anti inflammatory, antifungal, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and EGFR kinase inhibitors. Among them, pyrazolo [3,4-d] pyrimidine has become an interesting topic since it has a significant anticancer activity that will be targeted and focused on. Accordingly, our attention will concentrate on the efficiency of pyrazolo [3,4-d] pyrimidine as a novel anticancer drug. Furthermore, Hydrazide analogs have biological activities like antidepressants, anticonvulsants, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antimalarial, anticancer, and antimicrobial. We are aiming to design and synthesize a new derivative of Pyrazolopyrimidines, to get potential anti-cancer agents with minimization of adverse effects. Synthesis of the designed derivatives will be achieved according to the attached scheme followed by structure elucidation using spectroscopic methods (IR, 1HNMR, and 13C NMR). Derivatives are expected to have a low potential for causing side effects as they are derived from a naturally occurring antioxidant. Finally, the anti-cancer activity on cell lines will be evaluated.
EVALUATION OF THE COSMOTIC POTENTIAL OF SELECTED NUT OILS IN RELATION TO THEIR CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2022) Mohammed, Hadeel Sanad; Ali, Marwa Mohammed; Mahmoud, Omnia Tarek; Zaki, Rawan Ashraf
Nuts are very useful natural plants having different shapes and biological activities. Literature reported that peanut oil has emollient, antioxidant, antiaging and anti-inflammatory activities on the skin. Also, hazelnut oil was reported to have hydrating effect on the skin, improves collagen production and reduces fine lines by its anti-wrinkle activity and reduces dark spots by anti-hyperpigmentation effect. Almond oil is rich with vitamin E and zinc thus enhancing the skin tone, decreasing the damaging effect of sun lights, aging signs, scars, and acne. Walnut oil has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, brightening and antioxidant activities that help in treating skin infections, acne and protecting skin from clogging of pores. Finally, walnut has anti-aging effect on skin by inhibiting collagenase and elastase enzymes. Thus, suggesting these oils to be a promising oil in cosmetic skin formulations. Nuts oils are also rich sources for phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and sterols. The aim of work is the extraction of the oil of the edible parts of four selected nuts (walnut, peanuts, hazelnuts, and almond) and determination of their chemical composition using GC/MS, as well as, studying the in vitro effect of oils on skin as anti-aging and anti-wrinkles activities to provide effective cosmetic skin formulations of low price with lower side effects from natural source. The result of in vitro assay showed that walnut oil (S4) showed highest activity in procollagen type 1 C peptide with maximum inhibition of tyrosinase and lowest level of melanin followed by almond oil (S1) then hazelnut oil (S2) and peanut oil (S3). While almond oil (S1) showed highest level of hyaluronic acid and collagen content with lowest level of metalloproteinases followed by walnut oil (S4) then hazelnut oil (S2) and peanut oil (S3). Finally almond oil (S1) showed lowest level of MTT cytotoxicity assay followed by peanut oil (S3) then walnut oil (S4) and hazelnut oil (S2). In addition to that the In vivo results show that almond oil has higher levels of Procollagen, Collagen, Hyaluronic, Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP), and Glutathione (GSH). While walnut oil has high level of nuclear factor kappa B (NFKB), Interleukin Beta (IL1B), Tyrosinase, Metalloproteinases (MMP1&9), and Malondialdehyde (MDA)
Valorization of agricultural industrial waste into medicinally active products
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2022) Ibrahiem, Nesma sameh; Mahmoud, Huda Saeed; Shaker, Donia Gamal; Mahmoud, Bassant Ahmed
Agri-Food wastes are produced following the industrial food processing. Although they are mostly discarded causing environmental hazards, their bioactive metabolites accounts for nutritional and medicinal values. Thus, comprehensive analytical and biological evaluation of selected vegetable byproducts (Potato, Onion and Garlic peels) have been developed. Phytochemical composition has been performed using HPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS in combination with molecular networking. Determination of the total flavonoid contents, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity by FRAP and DPPH methods was performed. Further, evaluation of the anti-osteoarthritis were also tested. So, we assessed the impact of tested peel extracts on IL-1β-induced inflammation in mouse isolated chondrocytes. Also, we measured chondrocyte expression of key osteoarthritis-associated factors such as matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13), nitric oxide (NO), collagen Ⅱ, NF-κB p65 as well as the expression of inflammatory mediators in chondrocytes such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Further, 45 compounds were totally identified, where phenolic acids, flavonoids and alkaloids were the most representative chemical classes. The higher polyphenolic contents, the promising antioxidant capacity and the potential anti-osteoarthritis were found in onion peels. These results demonstrate that vegetable byproducts, particularly, those derived from onion peels have potential antioxidant and activities and can be incorporated as natural by-product for future in vivo evaluation against osteoarthritis
Advanced Extraction Protocol(s) for Analysis of Selected Antiviral Drug(s) (Entecavir).
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2022) Yaser, Ahmed; Alaaeldin, Hosam; Saber, Mahetab Osama; Eissa, Mennaallah Mohamed
Entecavir (ENT) which have a structure that contain a guanosine nucleoside analog, is used as antiviral medication because of it is selectivity toward the chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) that will inhibit it. A shift or earlier combination of lamivudine with ENT will result less resistance, comparable safety and more successful viral suppression compared to monotherapy, according to a clinical guideline. Additionally, there are several ways that ENT might degrade. Therefore, it is crucial to prepare certain materials to extracting the ENT. Molecular imprinting polymers (MIP) were created for this use through precipitation polymerization using the non-covalent method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to characterise the polymer. The TEM results showed that polymer particles have a spherical shape and homogeneous size. Studies on ENT degradation by oxidation, basic and acidic force were performed. The stated drug, including its co-administered medication (lamivudine), and its breakdown products, were extracted from spiked plasma of human using the MIP. Using a recently developed HPLC technique that used a C18 column, gradient elution from the mobile phase made up of 0.1 percent phosphoric acid (H3PO4) in water : methanol with such flow rate of 1 ml/min, and UV absorbance around 254 nm, all eluents were examined. Forced degradation experiments were used to demonstrate the method's specificity as well as stability-indicating capacity. When MIP's selectivity was compared to that of ENT itself and degradation products, the difference was highly noticeable. Additionally, ENT was effectively extracted out from spiked plasma of human using MIP like an extractant, with such recovery rate of 88.32%
Water remediation using advanced technology
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2022) Atif, Aliaa; Hossam, Hanna; Yasser, Mariam; Moawad, Yara
The presence of antibiotic traces in the aquatic system due to the inefficient treatment of the pharmaceutical wastewater represented threats, such as bioaccumulation and antibiotic-resistance, to the environment and human health. Accordingly, for the first time, the current work utilized photocatalytic oxidation technology with green, environment-friendly characteristics as a replacement of the traditional sewage treatment technology. The photocatalytic degradation of two commonly used antibiotics ceftriaxone and azithromycin was used using thin sheet-like structure graphene nitrite nanosheets (G-C3N4) either separately or in a combination with titanium oxide nanoparticles under visible light. Additionally, several parameters were investigated to evaluate the potential of the removal process, such as, the exposure time to visible radiation, the type and concentration of the nanoparticles (NPs). The most effective parameter for drugs removal was the NPs type. Furthermore, an RP-HPLC/UV method was developed and validated for measuring the percentage of removal for ceftriaxone and azithromycin drugs. The highest percentage removal for ceftriaxone was 99.67% and 94.74%, for azithromycin, which was achieved using G-C3N4and visible light exposure time 90 min. The established protocol can be designed and applied on different pharmaceutical wastewater samples.
Stem Cells; a Potential Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2022) Markos, Hady Gamal Wagih Fahmy; Khalil, Kareem Ahmed Kamaleldin; Shalaby, Rawda Ashraf Naguib; Abdelmagied, Salma Alaaeldeen Ahmed
Rheumatoid arthritis is an auto-immune disease characterized by loss of self-tolerance in the joints; consequently resulting in inflammation in joints, cartilage destruction, and bone erosion (Mitra, 2013). Recent studies deducted that stem cells are a promising candidate that could achieve a balanced equilibrium between addressing the pathophysiology of RA and overcoming conventional drugs` disadvantages. MSCs are multipotent stem cells primarily transformed in the bone marrow; in addition, it has a crucial role in repairing and forming skeletal tissues, such as; adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes (Greish et al., 2012). Besides MSCs' chondrogenic differentiation potential, it also orchestrates the activity of the immune system through direct and indirect interactions and it also has a significant anti-inflammatory effect. Also, the plant extract of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas that shows a great anti-inflammatory effect in different studies is going to be tested alone and in combination with MSC to observe if it potentiates its effect. On the other hand, the objective involves a brief discussion of the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis, stem cells, and their isolation scheme as well as the method of disease induction. Moreover, it also involves the investigation of disease parameters and exploring the modulatory effect of mesenchymal stem cells on RA. At the end of the treatment period real-time PCR was used to detect the following genes: alkaline phosphatase (mALP), transcription factor sp7 (mOsterix) and collagen type I or alpha 1 (mCOL-I). Moreover, a western blot was also employed to measure both Sirt-1 and Foxp3 in the joints. The results showed a significant increase in osteogenic markers and a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines, in the MSC group and the plant extract group when compared to the other groups (P<0.05). To sum up, this study illustrated that MSC and plant extract showed a beneficial role in the treatment of RA through their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Moreover, it had a much more significant role when both were combined as it provided a better prognosis than when MSC is used alone
Valorization of agricultural industrial waste into medicinally active products RSPG2.9
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2022) Mahmoud, Bassant Ahmed; Shaker, Donia Gamal; Mahmoud, Huda Saeed; Ibrahiem, Nesma sameh
Agri-Food wastes are produced following the industrial food processing. Although they are mostly discarded causing environmental hazards, their bioactive metabolites accounts for nutritional and medicinal values. Thus, comprehensive analytical and biological evaluation of selected vegetable byproducts (Potato, Onion and Garlic peels) have been developed. Phytochemical composition has been performed using HPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS in combination with molecular networking. Determination of the total flavonoid contents, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity by FRAP and DPPH methods was performed. Further, evaluation of the anti-osteoarthritis were also tested. So, we assessed the impact of tested peel extracts on IL-1β-induced inflammation in mouse isolated chondrocytes. Also, we measured chondrocyte expression of key osteoarthritis-associated factors such as matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13), nitric oxide (NO), collagen Ⅱ, NF-κB p65 as well as the expression of inflammatory mediators in chondrocytes such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Further, 45 compounds were totally identified, where phenolic acids, flavonoids and alkaloids were the most representative chemical classes. The higher polyphenolic contents, the promising antioxidant capacity and the potential anti-osteoarthritis were found in onion peels. These results demonstrate that vegetable byproducts, particularly, those derived from onion peels have potential antioxidant and activities and can be incorporated as natural by-product for future in vivo evaluation against osteoarthritis.
EVALUATION OF THE COSMOTIC POTENTIAL OF SELECTED NUT OILS IN RELATION TO THEIR CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (RSPG1.11)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2022) Mohammed, Hadeel Sanad; Ali, Marwa Mohammed; Mahmoud, Omnia Tarek; Zaki, Rawan Ashraf
Nuts are very useful natural plants having different shapes and biological activities. Literature reported that peanut oil has emollient, antioxidant, antiaging and anti-inflammatory activities on the skin. Also, hazelnut oil was reported to have hydrating effect on the skin, improves collagen production and reduces fine lines by its anti-wrinkle activity and reduces dark spots by anti-hyperpigmentation effect. Almond oil is rich with vitamin E and zinc thus enhancing the skin tone, decreasing the damaging effect of sun lights, aging signs, scars, and acne. Walnut oil has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, brightening and antioxidant activities that help in treating skin infections, acne and protecting skin from clogging of pores. Finally, walnut has anti-aging effect on skin by inhibiting collagenase and elastase enzymes. Thus, suggesting these oils to be a promising oil in cosmetic skin formulations. Nuts oils are also rich sources for phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and sterols. The aim of work is the extraction of the oil of the edible parts of four selected nuts (walnut, peanuts, hazelnuts, and almond) and determination of their chemical composition using GC/MS, as well as, studying the in vitro effect of oils on skin as anti-aging and anti-wrinkles activities to provide effective cosmetic skin formulations of low price with lower side effects from natural source. The result of in vitro assay showed that walnut oil (S4) showed highest activity in procollagen type 1 C peptide with maximum inhibition of tyrosinase and lowest level of melanin followed by almond oil (S1) then hazelnut oil (S2) and peanut oil (S3). While almond oil (S1) showed highest level of hyaluronic acid and collagen content with lowest level of metalloproteinases followed by walnut oil (S4) then hazelnut oil (S2) and peanut oil (S3). Finally almond oil (S1) showed lowest level of MTT cytotoxicity assay followed by peanut oil (S3) then walnut oil (S4) and hazelnut oil (S2). In addition to that the In vivo results show that almond oil has higher levels of Procollagen, Collagen, Hyaluronic, Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP), and Glutathione (GSH). While walnut oil has high level of nuclear factor kappa B (NFKB), Interleukin Beta (IL1B), Tyrosinase, Metalloproteinases (MMP1&9), and Malondialdehyde (MDA).
RS502-Investigation of risk factors in Egyptian patients with lung cancer
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2022) Taher Yehia Abdelalim, Yehia
Stem Cells; a Potential Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases. (RS502, RSPB2.3)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2022) Markos, Hady Gamal Wagih Fahmy; Khalil, Kareem Ahmed Kamaleldin; Shalaby, Rawda Ashraf Naguib; Abdelmagied, Salma Alaaeldeen Ahmed
Rheumatoid arthritis is an auto-immune disease characterized by loss of self-tolerance in the joints; consequently resulting in inflammation in joints, cartilage destruction, and bone erosion (Mitra, 2013). Recent studies deducted that stem cells are a promising candidate that could achieve a balanced equilibrium between addressing the pathophysiology of RA and overcoming conventional drugs` disadvantages. MSCs are multipotent stem cells primarily transformed in the bone marrow; in addition, it has a crucial role in repairing and forming skeletal tissues, such as; adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes (Greish et al., 2012). Besides MSCs' chondrogenic differentiation potential, it also orchestrates the activity of the immune system through direct and indirect interactions and it also has a significant anti-inflammatory effect. Also, the plant extract of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas that shows a great anti-inflammatory effect in different studies is going to be tested alone and in combination with MSC to observe if it potentiates its effect. On the other hand, the objective involves a brief discussion of the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis, stem cells, and their isolation scheme as well as the method of disease induction. Moreover, it also involves the investigation of disease parameters and exploring the modulatory effect of mesenchymal stem cells on RA. At the end of the treatment period real-time PCR was used to detect the following genes: alkaline phosphatase (mALP), transcription factor sp7 (mOsterix) and collagen type I or alpha 1 (mCOL-I). Moreover, a western blot was also employed to measure both Sirt-1 and Foxp3 in the joints. The results showed a significant increase in osteogenic markers and a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines, in the MSC group and the plant extract group when compared to the other groups (P<0.05). To sum up, this study illustrated that MSC and plant extract showed a beneficial role in the treatment of RA through their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Moreover, it had a much more significant role when both were combined as it provided a better prognosis than when MSC is used alone.
“The potential antimicrobial and anti-virulence activity of soil rhizobacteria against bacterial human pathogens”
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2022) Talaat, Reham; Zaki, Ziad; Mohamed Hussien, Ahmed
Bacterial pathogenicity is a complex process involving a wide range of extracellular and cell wall components that are coordinately expressed during different stages of infection, disrupting the balance between bacteria and host. Bacterial pathogenesis is generally considered to be multifactorial due to the combined action of virulence factors through the following steps: (i) host invasion, (ii) tissue colonization, (iii) tissue damage, and (iv) host defenses evasion. Traditional approaches to combat microbial infections are based on interruption of cell growth, more specifically by inhibiting cell wall synthesis, destabilizing components of membrane, inhibiting DNA replication, or restricting protein synthesis. Although these strategies remain effective and have been of great importance to treat infectious diseases, microorganisms presenting multidrug resistance to conventional antimicrobials become more common and today are considered a major public health problem. Antibiotic resistance is a normal part of life. Antibiotic resistance, on the other hand, is driven by a mix of bacteria that have been exposed to antibiotics, as well as the propagation of those germs and their resistance mechanisms. Bacterial biofilm cause resistance infection because of their tolerance to antibiotics, in addition their resisting to the body's defense mechanisms and virulence factors are bacterial cell parties, products and strategies that help them to invade other organisms and cause infection like, toxins, adhesins. Natural Product Against Bacteria: As the epidemic of life-threatening bacterial, fungal, and viral infections increases and these human pathogens are capable of developing resistance to current treatment strategies, new agents need to be found and developed to combat them (Natural Product) these molecules need to be less toxic, have higher specific activity, and have higher bioavailability, such as Curcumin, Essential oil and Honey. Antivirulence therapy is an alternative approach to controlling bacterial infections, which target the virulence rather than the viability of pathogens, leading to less severe infections of a level that can be cleared by the host’s immune system. The aim of our study is the potential antibacterial and anti-virulence activity by soil microorganisms against bacterial human pathogens. The objective is screening of antibacterial and antivirulence activity of soil isolates against bacterial human pathogens, and the possible active components involved in the antibacterial or anti-virulence activity of 6 rhizobacteria. Our plan of work will be: Collecting the soil samples isolation of rhizobacteria, Extraction of rhizobacteria supernatant., assessing the antibacterial activity of rhizobacterial supernatant extract against selected bacterial isolates, assessing the antibiofilm activity of rhizobacterial supernatant extract against selected bacterial isolates, identification of the promising isolates using 16SrRNA ribosomal sequence. Finally, identification for extract components that have the antibacterial and antibiofilm.
Newly synthesized Pyrazolo-Pyrimidines of anticipated biological activity.
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2022) Besada Shawki, Abodaba; Mohammed Mostafa, Mahdy; Tarek Helmy, Nour; Hazem Mohamed Ahmed, Yara
Cancer is a huge group of diseases that is triggered almost in any organ of the body when irregular cells mature uncontrollably. Finding of a curative agent may be challenging. Recently, derivatives of Pyrazolopyrimidines have grabbed attention due to their structural variations and biological activities like anticancer, antimicrobial, anti- inflammatory, antifungal, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and EGFR kinase inhibitors. Among them, pyrazolo [3,4-d] pyrimidine has become an interesting topic since it has a significant anticancer activity that will be targeted and focused on. Accordingly, our attention will concentrate on the efficiency of pyrazolo [3,4-d] pyrimidine as a novel anticancer drug. Furthermore, Hydrazide analogs have biological activities like antidepressants, anticonvulsants, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antimalarial, anticancer, and antimicrobial. We are aiming to design and synthesize a new derivative of Pyrazolopyrimidines, to get potential anti-cancer agents with minimization of adverse effects. Synthesis of the designed derivatives will be achieved according to the attached scheme followed by structure elucidation using spectroscopic methods (IR, 1HNMR, and 13C NMR). Derivatives are expected to have a low potential for causing side effects as they are derived from a naturally occurring antioxidant. Finally, the anti-cancer activity on cell lines will be evaluated.
Nano Carrier Loaded Contact Lens For Topical Ocular Drug Delivery of Fluconazole (RSPT2.2)
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2022) Mohamed Fatoh, Ahmed; Yasser Labib, Mohamed; Mohamed Aly, Rawan; Gamal –, Samy
Therapeutic contact lenses (TCLs) are often used in the management of a wide variety of corneal and ocular fungal diseases. Indications of TCL include pain relief, enhancing corneal healing, corneal sealing, corneal protection, and drug delivery. The polymeric support that constitutes the contact lens is loaded with the drug; in this way, there is a direct and effective pharmacological action on the target organ, promoting a prolonged release of the active principle. To improve the therapeutic performance of drug-loaded contact lenses, using a preparation of Niosomes aiming to elongate drug release of Fluconazole. The incorporation of optimum formula into contact lenses can be performed by different method and the most employed nowadays is soaking method. Eight formulae of fluconazole loaded niosome was prepared and the optimum formula was chosen by Using design expert version-13 full factorial design (two-level three factors) for optimization of the fluconazole noisome-loaded contact lenses. The three critical variables selected was the concentration of fluconazole (X1), the method of preparation (X2) and the span to cholesterol ratio (X3). The niosomal preparation was characterized for differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), percent entrapment efficiency (EE), zeta potential (ZP), Fourier- transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, transition electron microscopy (TEM), drug release, particle size (PS), antifungal activity and cytotoxicity. Formulation 2 formulation composed of (40mg fluconazole, 40mg span and 20 mg cholesterol) with particle size of 228.2nm, PDI of 0.414, zeta potential of -34.3 and EE% of 58.4% was the optimum formula and showed a 79.62% release of fluconazole in 72hrs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed stability of fluconazole with excipients and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed the thermal stability of fluconazole in the developed formula. Therapeutic contact lens is proposed to treat ocular diseases by loading of drug on it for prolonged drug release and contact time the expected outcome from this research is a topical ocular formulation of fluconazole preparation to avoid the drawbacks accompanying oral
Investigating the role of oral supplementation of Branched Chain Amino Acid in Critically ill patients with Traumatic injury RSPL2.1
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2022) Khaled Salah, Gehad; Mohamed Kamal, Hana; Mohamed Moawed, Naira; Fawzy Abdelnaby, Marwa
Background: Traumatic brain injury stands for important global health burden. There are no therapies proven to improve the outcome of patients with TBI in ICU. Branched Chain Amino Acid oral therapy is a nutrition intervention that may improve recovery. Aim of work: To determine the effect of BCAA oral therapy supplementation to ICU patients after TBI. To find the relation between oral administration of BCAA and the degree of healing in TBI patients via measurement of reduction in inflammatory stress mediators levels and to assess the impact of BCAA oral therapy on patient outcome. Objective: Improve the Quality of Life of critically ill patients in ICU. Patients and methods: 52 participants of both sexes and age are between 20 to 80 years diagnosed with Traumatic brain Injury was recruited. Participants randomized [1:1] received either the intervention of oral Branched chain amino acids or control. The intervention commenced in ICU. A standard clinical data sheet included Demographic characteristics of study population, clinical history, comorbidities and baseline measures including SOFA, APACHE, GSC, CRP and IL-6. Follow up sheet designed for outcome measurements for patients in ICU (7-10 days). Outcome measurements included measurements of SOFA, APACHE, GSC, CRP and IL-6. Results: It revealed that control and intervention groups baselines are comparable regarding age (46.5 vs 43.2), gender (F: 6 vs 5, M: 20 vs 21), GCS (12.4 vs 12.5), APACHE (8.4vs 8.7), SOFA (3.11 vs 2.65), CRP (81.58 vs 112.46 mg/L) and IL-6 (89.7 vs 72.3 Pg/ml). Statistical analysis of outcome measurements for control group regarding CRP is 125.56 mg/L and IL-6 is 45.7pg/ml while outcome measurements for intervention group regarding CRP is 69.25 mg/L and IL-6 is 17pg/ml. Conclusion: According to statistical analysis performed there is a significant difference between intervention and control (P-value < 0.05) regarding the impact of IL-6 and CRP mean levels.
Effect of a certain inhibitor of SGLT on thioacetamide-induced liver injury in rats
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2022) Ayman, Fairouz; Ayman, Nadeen; Shaban, Nooran; Sherif Salem, Rana
We must first and foremost express our gratitude to Allah, for without his immense mercy and grace, we would not have been able to complete this thesis. In order to continue and complete this thesis, we would like to show our heartfelt gratitude and respect to Dr. Marawan Abdelbaset, Researcher of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research, and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre. We value his wise counsel, helpful criticism, and unwavering support. He has been a patient teacher, and we have benefited greatly from him. We won't ever forget the benefits, merits, virtues, and morals he bestowed upon us. He actually serves as a superb illustration of a doctor who excels in both their scientific and moral practices. We owe a great deal of gratitude to Mahmoud Ahmed, a teaching assistant in the pharmacy school's department of pharmacology, for his meticulous oversight and astute direction throughout the project. We would like to thank him for his considerable research experience and the effort he devoted to editing this thesis. It has been an honor to collaborate with him. We are very appreciative of Dr. Dina Sabry for her invaluable assistance and for conducting the investigations. We sincerely want to thank our parents for supporting our desire to pursue higher education. We must never forget to express our gratitude to the friends and coworkers we have had the pleasure of working with. They definitely helped, during the course of this thesis' years, encouraged and offered us advice.
CONTROL OF EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDER BY THE USE OF A QUINOLINE DERIVATIVE IN RATS
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2022) Ahmed Amin, Aya; Magdy Faid, Areej; Nagib Attia, Maria; Nagy Bishara, Soufia
Introduction: Neurodegenerative diseases are the gradually loss of function and structure of the nervous cells in the brain. Patients suffer from difficulties in movement and mental health. Among the CNS diseases the Huntington’s disease was the main focus in this study in which it will be discussed thoroughly. Materials and Method: Adult albino wistar male rats were used divided into 3 experimental groups: Normal group rats treated with isotonic saline solution only, Control group rats treated with 3-nitropropionic acid (20 mg/kg/day) for 14 days via intra-peritoneal route and Treatment group rats treated with quinoline derivative drug for 21 days after 3-nitropropionic acid (20 mg/kg/day) for 14 days via intra-peritoneal route. Reagents used included Isotonic Saline solution, 3-nitropropionic acid and quinoline derivative drug. Behavioral tests and several biochemical tests were assessed and evaluated. Results: Our results showed that the biochemical parameters: Acetylcholine (Ach), Serotonin (5HT3), Mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) and Microtubule- associated protein IA/IB-light chain 3 (LC3-II) in treatment group had a higher than control and closer to normal values and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-alpha) and Calpain-2 in treatment group had a lower than control and closer to normal values. The results also showed that the behavioral tests: Open Field test, Novel Object Recognition Acquisition test (NOR) and Forced Swim test the treatment group covered more distance and mobility values were close to the normal group. Conclusion: The quinoline derivative treatment showed the potential pharmacological activity in improving the behavioral and recognition abilities as well as improved significantly the parameters which are usually reduced severely in neurodegenerative diseases and reduced significantly the inflammatory mediators to almost normal values.
Nano-engineered Zinc system as an Effective Radiopharmaceutical Targeting Agent for Sarcoma (RSPHC2.8)
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2022) Hamdy Hassan, Amira; Zaghloul Mohamed, Aya; Alshorbagy Mohammed, Tasneem; Gamal Mostafa, Yomna
Our aim is to make a nanoparticle preparation that shows maximum efficacy and selectivity towards cancerous cells. We want to achieve the least side effects possible. This can be done through nanoparticles since they improve drug penetration through passive targeting of cancer cells through enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and can give high efficacy with minimum doses. Furthermore, a radioactive material will be added forming a radionuclide. The radionuclide aids as a therapeutic agent and in diagnosing and monitoring as well, giving a theranostic effect. We aspire to achieve this through preparing a nanoparticle preparation with a metallic zinc core using zinc oxide with I-131 as the radioactive material. Regarding zinc oxide nanoparticles, it has selective cytotoxicity towards tumor cells compared with other nanoparticles. ZnO cytotoxicity is inversely proportional with the nanoparticles size and this can be easily controlled in comparison to other nanoparticles because of its ease and straightforwardness of synthesis. It also shows good biocompatibility and biodegradability that provide safer use. In addition, it has good morphology presented in its spherical shape that help in their renal clearance from the blood and prevent their accumulation in the liver. After preparing the ZnO nanoparticles, characterization is done by determining particles diameter using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) is used to determine the average particle size and the zeta potential is determined using Photo correlation spectrometer (PCS). The succeeding steps are radiolabeling yield determination, in-vitro cytotoxicity study and in-vivo study on mice.
Water remediation using advanced technology (RSPAC 2.11)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2022) Atif, Aliaa; Hossam, Hanna; Yasser, Mariam; Moawad, Yara
The presence of antibiotic traces in the aquatic system due to the inefficient treatment of the pharmaceutical wastewater represented threats, such as bioaccumulation and antibiotic-resistance, to the environment and human health. Accordingly, for the first time, the current work utilized photocatalytic oxidation technology with green, environment-friendly characteristics as a replacement of the traditional sewage treatment technology. The photocatalytic degradation of two commonly used antibiotics ceftriaxone and azithromycin was used using thin sheet-like structure graphene nitrite nanosheets (G-C3N4) either separately or in a combination with titanium oxide nanoparticles under visible light. Additionally, several parameters were investigated to evaluate the potential of the removal process, such as, the exposure time to visible radiation, the type and concentration of the nanoparticles (NPs). The most effective parameter for drugs removal was the NPs type. Furthermore, an RP-HPLC/UV method was developed and validated for measuring the percentage of removal for ceftriaxone and azithromycin drugs. The highest percentage removal for ceftriaxone was 99.67% and 94.74%, for azithromycin, which was achieved using G-C3N4and visible light exposure time 90 min. The established protocol can be designed and applied on different pharmaceutical wastewater samples.

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