Combining 3D Multi-Object Reconstruction with Finite Element Analysis for Accurate Dental Modelling and Restoration

Abstract

Introduction and aims: This study present a novel approach to dental digital modelling that combines 3D multi-object reconstruction with Finite Element Modelling (FEM) to create anatomically accurate and biomechanically stable dental models. The proposed approach overcomes limitations of traditional imaging techniques, such as resolution constraints, artifacts, noise, and poor soft tissue contrast, enabling precise analysis of stress distribution and material behaviour.

Methods: A 3D model of a right maxillary central incisor (tooth no. 11) was developed and adapted into 4 variations receiving various prosthetic treatments: fibre post, resin core, and lithium disilicate crown (Model A); fibre post, resin core, and monolithic zirconia crown (Model B); lithium disilicate endocrown (Model C); and monolithic zirconia endocrown (Model D). Models and prosthetic treatments were created in accordance to dimensions reported in the literature.

Results: Preliminary Finite Element Analyses (FEAs) were performed to evaluate the mechanical behaviour and structural integrity of the models. Under a static load of 100 N applied at a 45° angle, the simulations revealed no significant deformations or irregular stress concentrations. Model A consisted of 33,235 nodes and 19,718 elements, while the simpler design of Model C reduced computational demands to 28,660 nodes and 17,253 elements. Monolithic zirconia, with an elastic modulus of 202,767 MPa, demonstrated superior structural stability across all simulations.

Conclusion: By integrating evidence-based material and structural properties, our approach consistently produces semi-realistic models with adequate mesh density, enabling accurate representation of oral dynamics and precise force transmission across model components.

Clinical Relevance: These findings suggest that anatomically accurate dental models generated through advanced digital modelling and analysed using FEA can realistically simulate occlusal forces, offering a reliable platform for assessing new therapeutic dental approaches and improve upon existing treatment methods to optimise clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction.