Effect of Different Formulations and Application Methods of Coral Calcium on its Remineralization Ability on Carious Enamel
No Thumbnail Available
Date
01/02/2020
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Type
Article
Publisher
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences
Series Info
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences Open Access;Volume 8, 2 January 2020, Pages 94-99
Scientific Journal Rankings
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Coral calcium is a new biomimetic product and dietary supplement which consists mainly of alkaline calcium carbonate.
AIM: The aim of the current study is to compare the remineralization effect of coral calcium in different formulations and application methods.
METHODS: A total of 35 extracted molars was collected, examined, and sectioned to obtain 70 sound enamel discs, all specimens were examined for calcium mineral content using energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) coupled with scanning electron microscope. Hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles were synthesized through wet chemical precipitation approach and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis. Teeth specimens were subjected to demineralization, and mineral content was measured, specimens were divided into ten groups according to the remineralizing agent used, where Groups 1–3 used 10, 20, and 30 weight % (wt.%) coral calcium gel, respectively, Groups 4–6 used 10, 20, and 30 wt.% coral calcium and nanohydroxyapatite mix gel, and Groups 7–9 used 10, 20, and 30 wt.% coral calcium with argon laser activation and Group 10 (control group) without a remineralizing agent. All groups were re-examined by EDAX after remineralization.
RESULTS: The TEM and FT-IR analysis confirmed the formation of rod shape HA in nanoparticles size range. All groups showed a statistically significant decrease in calcium level after demineralization, all groups showed a statistically significant increase in calcium content after remineralization except for the control group. Moreover, Groups 2 and 8 showed the highest increase in calcium level after remineralization.
CONCLUSION: Coral calcium showed a significant remineralizing effect on carious enamel (demineralization) with an optimum concentration of 20 wt.%.
Description
Scopus
Keywords
carious enamel, remineralization, coral calcium, Hydroxyapatite
Citation
Farooq, I., Ali, S., Siddiqui, I.A., Al-Khalifa, K.S., Al-Hariri, M. Influence of Thymoquinone Exposure on the Micro-Hardness of Dental Enamel: An in Vitro Study (Open Access) (2019) European Journal of Dentistry, 13 (3), pp. 318-322. Cited 3 times. http://www.eurjdent.com/ doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1697117 View at Publisher 2 Ali, S., Farooq, I. A review of the role of amelogenin protein in enamel formation and novel experimental techniques to study its function (2019) Protein and Peptide Letters, 26 (12), pp. 880-886. Cited 2 times. http://www.eurekaselect.com/173976/article doi: 10.2174/0929866526666190731120018 View at Publisher 3 Alfaroukh, R, Elembaby, A, Almas, K, Ali, S, Farooq, I, Bahammam, M Oral Biofilm formation and retention on commonly used dental materials: An update (2018) Odonto-Stomatol Trop, 41 (164), pp. 29-34. Cited 3 times. 4 Farooq, I., Bugshan, A. The role of salivary contents and modern technologies in the remineralization of dental enamel: A review [version 1; peer review: 3 approved] (Open Access) (2020) F1000Research, 9. http://f1000research.com/articles?tab=ALL&articleType=&subjectArea=&subtopic=&show=50 doi: 10.12688/f1000research.22499.1 View at Publisher 5 Ali, S., Farooq, I., Al-Thobity, A.M., Al-Khalifa, K.S., Alhooshani, K., Sauro, S. An in-vitro evaluation of fluoride content and enamel remineralization potential of two toothpastes containing different bioactive glasses (2020) Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, 30 (5-6), pp. 487-496. Cited 3 times. http://iospress.metapress.com/content/0959-2989/ doi: 10.3233/BME-191069 View at Publisher 6 Margolis, H.C., Moreno, E.C. Kinetics of hydroxyapatite dissolution in acetic, lactic, and phosphoric acid solutions (1992) Calcified Tissue International, 50 (2), pp. 137-143. Cited 74 times. doi: 10.1007/BF00298791 View at Publisher 7 Pearce, E.I.F., Moore, A.J. Remineralization of Softened Bovine Enamel following Treatment of Overlying Plaque with a Mineral-enriching Solution (1985) Journal of Dental Research, 64 (3), pp. 416-421. Cited 17 times. doi: 10.1177/00220345850640030401 View at Publisher 8 Kielbassa, AM, Muller, J, Gernhardt, CR. Closing the gap between oral hygiene and minimally invasive dentistry: A review of the resin infiltration technique of incipient (proximal) enamel lesions (2009) Br Dent J, 207 (9), p. 425. 9 Wang, J., Layrolle, P., Stigter, M., De Groot, K. Biomimetic and electrolytic calcium phosphate coatings on titanium alloy: Physicochemical characteristics and cell attachment (2004) Biomaterials, 25 (4), pp. 583-592. Cited 150 times. http://www.journals.elsevier.com/biomaterials/ doi: 10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00559-3 View at Publisher 10 Okazaki, M., Takahashi, J., Kimura, H. Crystallinity patterns of fluoridated hydroxyapatites before and after incubation in acidic buffer solution. (1984) Caries research, 18 (6), pp. 499-504. Cited 7 times. doi: 10.1159/000260811 View at Publisher 11 Featherstone, J.D. Remineralization, the natural caries repair process--the need for new approaches. (2009) Advances in dental research, 21 (1), pp. 4-7. Cited 103 times. doi: 10.1177/0895937409335590 View at Publisher 12 Vandiver, J., Dean, D., Patel, N., Bonfield, W., Ortiz, C. Nanoscale variation in surface charge of synthetic hydroxyapatite detected by chemically and spatially specific high-resolution force spectroscopy (2005) Biomaterials, 26 (3), pp. 271-283. Cited 88 times. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.02.053 View at Publisher 13 Zaki, D.Y., Zaazou, M.H., Khallaf, M.E., Hamdy, T.M. In vivo comparative evaluation of periapical healing in response to a calcium silicate and calcium hydroxide based endodontic sealers (Open Access) (2018) Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 6 (8), pp. 1475-1479. Cited 2 times. https://www.id-press.eu/mjms/article/download/oamjms.2018.293/2351 doi: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.293 View at Publisher 14 Hamdy, TM, Mousa, SM, Sherief, MA. Effect of incorporation of lanthanum and cerium-doped hydroxyapatite on acrylic bone cement produced from phosphogypsum waste (2019) Egypt J Chem, 63, pp. 22-23. 15 Hamdy, T.M., Saniour, S.H., Sherief, M.A., Zaki, D.Y. Effect of incorporation of 20 wt% amorphous nano-hydroxyapatite fillers in poly methyl methacrylate composite on the compressive strength (2015) Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 6 (3), pp. 1136-1141. Cited 2 times. http://www.rjpbcs.com/pdf/2015_6(3)/[158].pdf 16 Hamdy, T.M., El-Korashy, S.A. Novel bioactive zinc phosphate dental cement with low irritation and enhanced microhardness (Open Access) (2018) e-Journal of Surface Science and Nanotechnology, 16, pp. 431-435. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ejssnt/16/0/16_431/_pdf/-char/en doi: 10.1380/ejssnt.2018.431 View at Publisher 17 Huang, S.B., Gao, S.S., Yu, H.Y. Effect of nano-hydroxyapatite concentration on remineralization of initial enamel lesion in vitro (2009) Biomedical Materials, 4 (3), art. no. 034104. Cited 116 times. http://www.iop.org/EJ/journal/1748-605X doi: 10.1088/1748-6041/4/3/034104 View at Publisher 18 Kim, M.Y., Kwon, H.K., Choi, C.H., Kim, B.I. Combined effects of nano-hydroxyapatite and NaF on remineralization of early caries lesion (2007) Key Engineering Materials, 330-332 II, pp. 1347-1350. Cited 32 times. https://www.scientific.net/KEM doi: 10.4028/0-87849-422-7.1347 View at Publisher 19 Hamdy, T.M. Polymers and ceramics biomaterials in Orthopedics and dentistry: A review article (Open Access) (2018) Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 61 (4), pp. 723-730. http://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_8095_df8acd19b3766360d802c9488d037a31.pdf doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2018.3187.1273 View at Publisher 20 Orsini, G., Procaccini, M., Manzoli, L., Giuliodori, F., Lorenzini, A., Putignano, A. A double-blind randomized-controlled trial comparing the desensitizing efficacy of a new dentifrice containing carbonate/hydroxyapatite nanocrystals and a sodium fluoride/potassium nitrate dentifrice (2010) Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 37 (6), pp. 510-517. Cited 50 times. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01558.x View at Publisher 21 Yamagishi, K., Onuma, K., Suzuki, T., Okada, F., Tagami, J., Otsuki, M., Senawangse, P. A synthetic enamel for rapid tooth repair (2005) Nature, 433 (7028), p. 819. Cited 184 times. doi: 10.1038/433819a View at Publisher 22 Rodríguez-Lugo, V., Karthik, T.V.K., Mendoza-Anaya, D., Rubio-Rosas, E., Villaseñor Cerón, L.S., Reyes-Valderrama, M.I., Salinas-Rodríguez, E. Wet chemical synthesis of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite flakes: Effect of pH and sintering temperature on structural and morphological properties (Open Access) (2018) Royal Society Open Science, 5 (8), art. no. 180962. Cited 13 times. rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org/ doi: 10.1098/rsos.180962 View at Publisher 23 Jones, EM, Cochrane, CA, Percival, SL. The effect of pH on the extracellular matrix and biofilms (2015) Adv Wound Care, 4 (7), pp. 431-439. Cited 59 times. PMid:26155386 24 Brockmann, D, Janse, M. Calcium and carbonate in closed marine aquarium systems (2008) Advances in Coral Husbandry in Public Aquariums, pp. 133-142. Cited 2 times. Netherlands: Burgers Zoo; [Last accessed on 2020 Mar 25] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228361538_Calcium_and_carbonate_in_closed_marine_aquarium_systems 25 Pretty, I.A., Ingram, G.S., Agalamanyi, E.A., Edgar, W.M., Higham, S.M. The use of fluorescein-enhanced quantitative light-induced fluorescence to monitor de- and re-mineralization of in vitro root caries (2003) Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 30 (12), pp. 1151-1156. Cited 23 times. www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0305-182X doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2003.01188.x View at Publisher 26 Kumar, V.M., Govind, G.K., Siva, B., Marish, P., Ashwin, S., Kiran, M. Corals as Bone Substitutes (2016) Journal of International Oral Health, 8 (1), pp. 96-102. www.jioh.in/Default.aspx 27 Ali Abdelnabi, NK, Othman, MS. Evaluation of re-mineralization of initial enamel lesions using nanohydroxyapatite and coral calcium with different concentrations (2019) Egypt Dent J, 65 (2), pp. 3713-3718. 28 Huang, S., Gao, S., Cheng, L., Yu, H. Combined effects of nano-hydroxyapatite and Galla chinensis on remineralisation of initial enamel lesion in vitro (2010) Journal of Dentistry, 38 (10), pp. 811-819. Cited 59 times. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2010.06.013