Faculty Of Management Graduation Project 2022- 2023

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The Impact of Capital Adequacy and Credit Risk on Banks’ Profitability in Egypt
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2023) Abdullah Saad, Ahmed; Hesham Samy, Sohila
The research aims to investigate the impact of capital adequacy and credit risk on banks’ profitability in Egypt. Also, we measure micro and macroeconomic variables that could have an influence on banks’ profitability such as liquidity risk, bank size, real GDP, and Inflation rate as control variables. While we measured the Banks’ profitability by two indicators, the ROA and ROE. Also, we utilized the sample size of 11 Banks in Egypt and used panel data for the period 2005 to 2015. The random effect regression model is employed as a statistical approach to define the most affected factors. We also examined the relationship between credit risk and capital adequacy on banks’ profitability. As Credit risk is one of the main obstacles in the banking sector, it found that Credit Risk has a significant negative effect on both ROA and ROE which means that the profitability of the banks significantly decreased by credit risk. While capital adequacy is an important predictor of a bank's financial stability and health, it is found that it has a significant positive impact on ROA, but it has a positive and insignificant effect the ROE. Furthermore, the banks’ profitability is greatly influenced by Micro and macroeconomic factors. The research findings suggest that capital adequacy and credit risk have a significant impact on banks' profitability in Egypt. Banks with higher capital adequacy ratios tend to have better profitability, while higher credit risk is associated with lower profitability. Therefore, bank managers should focus on maintaining adequate levels of capital to ensure financial stability and profitability. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of considering micro and macroeconomic factors, such as liquidity risk, bank size, real GDP, and inflation rate when assessing banks' profitability. The findings suggest that bank managers should also pay attention to these factors and take them into account when making decisions about the bank's operations and investments. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the factors that affect banks' profitability in Egypt, which can be used by policymakers, regulators, and bank managers to improve the performance and stability of the banking sector in Egypt.
Explaining the Impact of Leverage and Operating Efficiency on Stock Performance: in Food & Beverage sector in EGX
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2023) Zain, Hassan; Ahmed Ibrahim, Mohamed
Nowadays, Egypt faces some fluctuations in its stock market due to the instability in firm characteristics, and economic and political conditions which resulted in threatening the survival and growth of the firms. Moreover, In Egypt, we noticed that the food and beverage industry faced some financial distress due to the severe economic circumstances they face which enforced organizations to act proactively against such a dynamic environment to survive in the markets. In the present work, the research aims to examine the impact of leverage and operating efficiency on Egyptian stock return of the listed firms of the food & beverage industry by employing the multiple linear regression for panel data analysis using the period of 2017-2022 on an annual basis, utilizing a sample of 26 listed firms in the stock exchange of Egypt. The results revealed that the leverage and operating efficiency significantly affect the stock return of the listed firms of the food and beverage industry. The leverage has a negative association with stock return while the operating efficiency is positively related.
Examining the Effect of Board Characteristics as One of the Corporate Governance Mechanisms on Shareholder Value
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2023) Nabil Abdelhalim, Aya; Saber Kamel, Nermeen; Hesham Mahmoud, Seif
The aim of the study is to illustrate the effects of board characteristics on the shareholder value. The independent variables are board experience, CEO duality, board size, board composition, and gender diversity. On the other hand, the dependent variable is shareholder value. Furthermore, the study contains statistical analysis and empirical studies to identify the characteristics that affect shareholder value measured by Tobin Q. In addition, the study includes testing hypothetical conditional related to five variables effects on the shareholder value. Moreover, the used sample consists of Egyptian Stock Market (EGX 100) in the period from 2017- 2021. The result of the study shows that some of the independent variables as board experience and board size have a significant positive relationship with shareholder values while board composition and gender diversity have a negative relation with it. However, the CEO duality was excluded from the SPSS model. Research only focuses on various companies in the Egyptian market that covers 42 non-financial companies from EGX100 during a specific period from 2017-2021 and investigates the effects of board characteristic on shareholder value for only instance size, education and nationality areas measured by Tobin Q. In conclusion, the research contributes to highlight specific board characteristics that affect shareholder value as board experience, CEO duality, board size, board composition, and gender diversity measured by Tobin Q through using a sample from EGX100 in 2017-2021.
Investigating the impact of corporate characteristics on earnings management : an empirical study Egyptian firms
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2023) Tarek Ahmed, Alaa; Mohamed Abdelfattah, Dalya
This research aims to investigate and illustrate the impact of the independent variable corporate characteristics of ownership structure (block holder, managerial and institutional), sales growth, firm size, leverage, the board size, and audit quality on dependent variable earning management. Using the qualitative data that will be applied to a sample of 100 non-financial companies listed in the Egypt Stock Exchange (EGX100) from 2016 to 2022. This sample used Modified Jones as the measurement for the dependent variable earnings. The results of this research found that there is a positive relationship between ownership structure, sales growth, leverage, board size, and audit quality on earning management, there is a negative relationship between firm size and earnings.
The Digital Transformation and Audit Quality and their Reflection on Enhancing the Quality of Financial Reporting
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2023) Saleh Helmy, Manar; Mohamed Hassan, Farah
This research aims to examine and prove that there is an effect of independent variable, digitalization and audit quality on dependent variable, enhancing the quality of financial reporting. Maintaining openness in the disclosure of information about a company's financial situation and performance depends critically on internal audit. In this regard, raising the standard of internal audit is crucial for raising the standard of financial reporting. This research paper is based on secondary data that are collected from listed companies of EGX 100. The type of data is quantitative about the annual reports of listed companies in Egypt to measure the quality of financial reporting by earning management.The methodology of this research includes two main sections, section one is about variables & measurements, sample, data collection and research model. Although, section two consists of testing, measuring and evaluating the relationship between the digitalization and audit quality on enhancing the quality of financial reporting using the techniques of descriptive analysis, correlation, coefficients and regression model. The sample consists of 40 non-financial firms listed in the Egyptian exchange market (EGX) during the period of 2018 to 2021. The collected data was from the annual reports of 40 companies listed in EGX from mubasher website. The final examination equals 40 company x 4 years = 160 observations. The results are we found in the relationship of digitalization and audit quality significant relationship but relationship of audit quality and quality of financial reporting insignificant relationship.
Do The Impacts of Oil and Natural Gas Price Shocks on Economic Growth Differ Among Arab OPEC Countries? A panel Data Study
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2023) Ashraf Hassan Soltan, Nermin
The objective of this paper is to explain the impacts of changes in the oil price and the natural gas price on economic growth in six countries namely Algeria, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates by encompassing a panel data analysis on the six countries starting from 2001 till 2019. To reach our objective, the research examined the impact of some independent variables namely employment in industry, employment in services, gross capital formation, government expenditure, consumption expenditure in addition to our two focus variables which are the price of oil, and price of natural gas on the dependent variable GDP in the tested six countries. We also used data from the World Bank's World Development Indicators to empirically validate our models. Moreover, the study estimated several econometric models done through statistical program E-Views such as the common constant. The common constant model with SUR weights showed that there is a negative relation between the dependent variable GDP growth and each of consumption expenditure and employment in services. On the other hand, the same model proved a positive relation between GDP growth and each of government expenditure and the price of oil. Such results were confirmed by the ARDL long run findings which showed that there is a negative relation between the dependent variable GDP growth and the same two variables, but added an additional factor which is the price of natural gas as a factor which negatively impacts GDP. On the other hand, the same model added the price of oil as an important positive influencer to GDP, besides government expenditure and gross capital formation. Lastly, according to the results, we suggest that OPEC countries take advantage of any increase in oil prices to foster more economic growth. Even though the impact of natural gas price increases on economic growth is negative in long run, yet in the short term, increases in the price of natural gas had a positive effect on GDP growth in the six countries, with the impact being the highest in Algeria. Accordingly, rises in natural gas price may temporarily enhance GDP growth in the short run.
The Impact of Industrialization on CO2 Emissions in Some selected Asian Countries: A Panel Data Analysis
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2023) Ali Mohamed, Neama
In recent years, environmental degradation has been the primary source of concern for all countries, especially the industrialized ones. To determine the comprehensive impact of industrialization measured through a share of industry (including manufacturing) as a percentage of GDP in addition to Foreign direct investment (FDI), Trade openness (TO), Gross domestic product per capita (GDPPC), and Oil consumption (OIL) on environmental degradation as measured by CO2 emissions, this study used panel data of seven Asian countries from 1990 to 2021 and estimated several models, including a fixed effects model with cross-section weights and an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The findings revealed GDPPC, OIL and TO have a positive relation with CO2 emission in the long run, INDUS and FDI have a negative and insignificant relation with CO2 emissions respectively, while GDPPC2 has a negative relation with CO2 emissions. Most of the results of the long-run ARDL coefficients were similar to the fixed effects model with the exception of the coefficient of industrialization. This study also concludes that the environment Kuznets curve (EKC) and pollution paradise (PH) hypotheses are supported in the selected Asian nations. The key to assuring the quality of the environment, this study concludes, would be the strict implementation of environmental guidelines or the adoption of a new policies for increasing production capacity and trade liberalization at a safe CO2 emission level. Economic expansion is fueled by manufacturing and industrial production, but our study has proved that the impact of oil on CO2 emissions is much stronger than industrialization. To reduce CO2 emission, national policies should be established to identify alternative energy sources, while developing nations should employ clean and ecologically beneficial technologies, and government should increase funding for research and collaborate
Water stress nexus and Natural resources with human development evidence from MENA countries. (2000-2020)
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2023) Salah Abd El Khalek, Ashrakat
Abstract This study investigates the relationship between water stress and total natural resources in the MENA region using panel OLS methodology. The results show a significant positive relationship between water stress and total natural resources in the region. The study highlights the importance of sustainable management and effective utilization of natural resources in addressing water stress challenges. It emphasizes the need for appropriate policies that integrate water resource management and the sustainable exploitation of natural resources. The findings provide empirical evidence supporting the positive relationship between these variables and underscore the significance of sustainable resource management in addressing water stress challenges. The results can inform policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers in formulating strategies and interventions that promote sustainable development, economic resilience, and enhanced human development outcomes in water-stressed regions
The Impact of the IMF Loans on the Economic Growth and Human Development in the Most Indebted Countries in the period from 1997 until 2020
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2023) Adel El-Ahmar, Ahmed
A study was conducted on the impact of IMF loans on the economic growth and human development of the 13 most indebted countries from the IMF, using panel data from 1997 to 2020. The study found that IMF loans had a positive impact on the real GDP of the borrowed countries, but this effect became negative when corruption was introduced as a control variable. The loans had a negative impact on the mortality rate, but a positive impact on human development and secondary school enrollment. The study recommended that IMF loans should be directed towards proactive projects rather than consumption projects, and that governments should implement strict policies against corruption, diversify exports and revenue streams, fix and ease monetary policies, and improve the ease of doing business
The impact of international trade on the environmental quality in China from 1990 - 2020
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2023) Salem, Hassan
The general objective of this research is to examine the impact of international trade on the environmental quality in China by doing a time series data analysis starting from 1990 to 2020, also, it aims to analysis and prove how imports and exports can affect the Co2 emissions that is used to measure the environmental quality through the years. This will be illustrated through the study by using a comparative analysis in China since 1990 till 2020 by analyzing the impact of five independent variables which are trade of GDP, imports of goods and services, exports of goods and services, real GDP, FDI, and labor force by using several economic models. Furthermore, the paper used ordinary least squares regression (OLS) and the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. Therefore, the results concluded that the trade and exports have a positive impact in Co2 emissions, while the imports has a negative impact on the Co2 emissions.
‘The impact of digitalization on women empowerment in the MENA region from 1992 till 2019’
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2023) Nemr Fouad, Nadra
This research investigates the impact of digitalization on women's empowerment in 21 MENA countries from 1992 to 2019. The study measures women's empowerment using the Female Labor Force Participation Rate and digitalization using Mobile Cellular Subscription and Individuals Using Internet. The results suggest that mobile cellular subscription has a positive and significant impact in the short run but is insignificant in the long run. However, laws and rules in favor of women enhance their empowerment through better access and usage of digitalization, particularly using the internet. The study recommends policymakers focus on implementing laws and policies that support women's empowerment to enhance the effectiveness of digitalization in empowering women
The Impact of Money Laundering on Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2023) Said Ahmed, Shaza
This study aimed to examine the impact of money laundering on economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Basel Index, levels of corruption, the strength of legal rights, the depth of credit information, the informal economy, and foreign direct investment were the main independent variables used to measure money laundering in the study. The tests carried out as part of this research indicated a negative relationship between economic development and each of the independent variables, the Basel Anti Money Laundering Index, and the Informal Economy. On the other hand, there is an insignificant relationship between economic development and the strength of Legal Rights. Also, a positive relationship exists between each of the corruption scores, the Depth of Credit Information, and Foreign Direct Investment. This was supported by the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) in addition to Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (POLS) and Random Effects (RE) models by two dependent variables: GDP Per Capita and Human Development Index
Impact of Political Stability and Economic Freedom on the Economic Growth in the MENA Region
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2023) Fadel, Salah Ahmed Salah
This study examines the relationship between political stability, economic freedom, and GDP annual growth rate in 16 MENA countries from 2001 to 2021. Using panel data regression analysis, we find that political stability has a statistically significant positive relationship with GDP annual growth, with a 1 point increase in the political stability index leading to a 0.2 percentage points increase in GDP annual growth rate. Similarly, we find that economic freedom also has a statistically significant positive relationship with GDP annual growth rate, with an increase in the economic freedom index by 1 unit leading to a 0.5 percentage point increase in GDP annual growth. Our findings suggest that promoting both political stability and economic freedom is crucial for promoting economic growth in MENA countries. The study also examined the impact of some of the sub-indexes of the economic freedom index on economic growth in the MENA region. Busniness freedom, and investment freedom has a positive signficant impact on GDP annual growth rate, while tax burden has a negative impact on economic growth rate. However, the study also highlights the need for caution in generalizing these findings to countries outside of the sample, as data limitations prevented us from including all MENA countries. Therefore, policymakers should focus on implementing policies that promote political stability, economic freedom, and institutional quality to foster sustainable economic growth in the MENA region, while also acknowledging the potential differences across countries.
The Impact of E-Government on Economic Growth in European Union Countries
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2023) Mansour, Abeer
The primary aim of e-government is to facilitate the effective delivery of public services and it is claimed to promote the economic growth of the country. This paper aims to examine the relationship between the e-government and the economic growth in European Union countries in addition to the United Kingdom in time period from 2003 to 2021. This paper will examine the effect of e-government on the economic growth through three different set of variables, first ICT variables, second e-government indicators, and finally percentage of population using various types of e-government services variables. The paper used several econometric estimation techniques, namely, Pooled Ordinary Least Squares, Fixed Effect, Random effect, Generalized Method of Moments, and Generalized Least Squares models. The overall result of this paper is that e-government has a significant positive impact on the economic growth of EU countries.
Exploring Web-Based Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures in Egyptian Firms
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2023) Abouelsaoud, Ahmed Emadeldin Abdelhameed; Mahmoud, Mahmoud Osama; Sadek, Ahmed Mohammed
In all humility before Allah, the compassionate and the most merciful who bestowed us with heart to feel and a brain to think, so that we know what we do not. All respect and praises to the Holy Prophet Muhammed (Salla Allah Alaih wasallam), who came as light of knowledge for all seekers and real role model for all mankind. We are thankful to our supervisor Dr. Dalia Kaoud for her inspiring guidance, kind attitude, co-operation throughout the study and keen interest in each and every step. We are also deeply indebted to our external examiner Dr. Mohamed Selim. Special thanks to our teaching assistants Amira Omar, Habiba Ezzat, & Asmaa Deif-allah for their dedication in providing time, patience, and continuous support.
The Moderating Role of External Audit Quality on the Relationship Between Audit Committee Characteristics and Firm Performance.
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2023) Yasser, Mohamed; Mohamed, Omar Tarek; Ziena Yasser Own, Ziena Yasser
This research would not have been possible without the exceptional support of our supervisor Professor Mohamed El-Deeb. His enthusiasm, knowledge and exacting attention to details have been an inspiration and kept our work on track from tiniest details to the biggest ones. We are sincerely thankful for all the encouragement he gave us during making this research. Without his guidance and constant feedback this project would not have been achievable. We would also like to thank our TA Youmna El-Arabi, Lana Mohamed and Engy Abozaid for their effort and hard work in guiding us and supporting us towards the whole process of the project. In addition, their desire in pushing us forward and assisting us is genuinely appreciated and respected. Their support and kind words had always been motivation for us to keep moving forward. We also must express our very profound gratitude to our family and friends for providing us with unfailing support throughout the years of study and through the process of researching our graduation project
The Moderating Role of Interest Coverage in the Effect of Earnings Policies on Tax Aggressiveness
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2023) Yasser, Israa; Adel, Sara; Ali, Menna
We would like to express our appreciation to the mentors who guided us throughout the completion of our graduation project. Prof. Mohamed El-Deeb, our project supervisor, deserves special recognition for his insightful suggestions and unwavering support. We appreciate Professor Mohamed El-Deeb contribution to our graduation endeavour. Our sincere appreciation goes to our greatest source of motivation. Professor who assisted us in comprehending the concepts and kept us on track from the smallest to the largest details of our work. This graduation project would not have been completed without his leadership and continuous input. Also, we will not forget our special TA's who were readily available whenever we needed their assistance; without them, we would not be as confident in submitting our final project. We would like to thank TA. Lana and TA.Yomna for being accessible to us during their office hours, receiving numerous feedbacks, assisting us in rehearsing and problem-solving, and inspiring us to be confident in presenting our work. TA.Engy also taught us how data analysis works and how to depict it and contributed to the data collection procedure. Doesn't mean we will ignore the efforts of Prof.Mohamed El-Deeb, who was our supervisor and motivation to get things done. Our top TA's who supported us at each career step. In addition, we owe a debt of gratitude to our family and friends for their unwavering support throughout our years of study and investigation for our senior thesis. Thank You.
The Moderating Role of Leverage on the Effect Between Operating Capital and Cash Holding on Firm Profitability
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2023) Wael, Mirana; Mashhour, Farah
The study of this graduation topic has proven to be a transformative experience, as we have acquired a wealth of knowledge and skills. Our success in this endeavor is largely attributed to the invaluable support provided by our professors, doctors, family, and friends. We want to extend our deepest appreciation to Professor Mohamed El Deep, our research supervisor, for his invaluable guidance, passionate encouragement, and constructive feedback on this research, Without his advice this project would not have been successful. we also would like to express our sincere gratitude to Dr. Yomna El Arabi, Dr. Lana Mohamed, and Dr. Engy Saeed for always being there if we had any questions about our research, and their valuable advice and assistance in ensuring the timely progress of the project, Finally, it is important to express our enduring gratitude towards MSA University as this achievement would not have been possible without their support. I would also like to thank my friends and family for their love and support during this process. Without them, this journey would not have been possible. Thank You.
Investigating Risk Disclosure in the Digital Era and its contraction on bank performance
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2023) Shehata, Mohamed Ahmed Zaki; Moushtaha, Mahmoud Monir; Ahmed, Omar Ashraf
Thanks, with sincerest gratitude, goes to our supervisor, Dr. Dalia Elsayed Ka-oud for all her extravagant efforts and for guiding us throughout this study. We would also like to Thank Dr Mohamed Sleem for being our external examiner. Special thanks to our dedicated teaching assistants Amera Omar, Habiba Ezzat, and Asmaa Deif-allah for their Advice, support, monitoring, and for providing us with their knowledge throughout this study
Voluntary Disclosure Tone and Banks’ Performance in the Egyptian Context
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2023) Yehia, Mohamed Sief; Ibrahim, Rana Younes; Abdellatif, Ayah AlaaEldin
Thanks go first and foremost to Almighty God who strengthened and enabled us to complete this study. We would like to express our sincerest gratitude to our supervisor, Dr. Dalia Kaoud for aiding us throughout this study. We are also deeply indebted to Dr. Mohamed Sleem for being our external examiner. Special thanks to our teaching assistants Amera Omar, Habiba Ezzat, and Asmaa Deif Allah for providing us with their knowledge, guidance, advice and support.

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