Browsing by Author "Zaki, Manal M"

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Ecoepidemiology and Potential Transmission of Vibrio cholerae among Different Environmental Niches: An Upcoming Threat in Egypt
(MDPI AG, 02/10/2021) Ismail, Eman M; Kadry, Mona; Elshafiee, Esraa A; Ragab, Eman; Morsy, Eman A; Rizk, Omar; Zaki, Manal M
Cholera is a negative public health event caused by Vibrio cholerae. Although V. cholerae is abundant in natural environments, its pattern and transmission between different niches remain puzzling and interrelated. Our study aimed to investigate the occurrence of nonpathogenic V. cholerae in the natural environment during endemicity periods. It also aimed to highlight the role of molecular ecoepidemiology in mapping the routes of spread, transmission, and prevention of possible future cholera outbreaks. V. cholerae was detected in different aquatic environments, waterfowl, and poultry farms located along the length of the Nile River in Giza, Cairo, and Delta provinces, Egypt. After polymerase chain reaction amplification of the specific target outer membrane gene (Omp W) of suspected isolates, we performed sequence analysis, eventually using phylogenetic tree analysis to illustrate the possible epidemiological relationships between different sequences. Data revealed a significant variation in the physicochemical conditions of the examined Nile districts related to temporal, spatial, and anthropogenic activities. Moreover, data showed an evident association between V. cholerae and the clinically diseased Synodontis schall fish. We found that the environmental distress triggered by the salinity shift and elevated temperature in the Middle Delta of the Nile River affects the pathogenesis of V. cholerae, in addition to the characteristics of fish host inhabiting the Rosetta Branch at Kafr El-Zayat, El-Gharbia province, Egypt. In addition, we noted a significant relationship between V. cholerae and poultry sources that feed on the Nile dikes close to the examined districts. Sequence analysis revealed clustering of the waterfowl and broiler chicken isolates with human and aquatic isolated sequences retrieved from the GenBank databases. From the obtained data, we hypothesized that waterfowl act as a potential vector for the intermediate transmission of cholera. Therefore, continuous monitoring of Nile water quality and mitigation of Nile River pollution, in addition to following good managemental practices (GMPs), general hygienic guidelines, and biosecurity in the field of animal production and industry, might be the way to break this cyclic transmission between human, aquatic, and animal sectors. © 2021 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
The Effect of Alterations in Water Quality Parameters on the Occurrence of Bacterial Diseases in Different Aquatic Environments
(Nexus Academic Publishers, 01/11/2021) Khalefa, Hanan S; Abdel-Moneam, Dalia A; Ismael, Elshaimaa; Waziry, Mahmoud Mostafa Fathy; Ali, Mennaallah Samir Gaber; Zaki, Manal M
The current study investigated the influence of adverse water quality parameters in different localities (Qarun Lake, Fayoum Province, Egypt; Mariotteya stream, Giza Governorate, Egypt; and Mediterranean coastal water, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt) on different fish species during the winter. Water and fish samples were collected to evaluate the physicochemical properties and heavy metal distribution in the water. Furthermore, bacteriological analysis of water and fish was performed. The physicochemical characteristics of water samples revealed high conductivity, alkalinity, and higher values of water hardness in Lake Qarun, Fayoum province and Mediterranean coastal water, Alexandria Governorate. However, the parameters in Mariotteya water were within normal limits. Heavy metals were detected in Lake Qarun and the Mediterranean Coast. However, none of the heavy metals analyzed were found in the Mariotteya water samples. Moreover, detected trace elements, cadmium and lead, exceeded the permissible limits. The bacterial load of the collected water samples revealed only the isolation of Escherichia coli and other coliform bacteria from Lake Qarun, while other bacteria included Vibrio spp. (2.48 log10 CFU/mL), Aeromonas spp. (2.70 log10 CFU/mL), and Pseudomonas spp. (3.18, 2.04 log10 CFU/mL) isolated from Lake Qarun and Mariotteya stream, and Staphylococcus spp. (2.00, 1.95, and 1.00 log10 CFU/mL) from Mariotteya stream, Lake Qarun, and Mediterranean Coast, respectively. Among the isolated bacteria from collected fishes, Aeromonas spp. weres detectable at a higher percentage (36.2%) followed by Vibrio spp. (31.4%), Pseudomonas spp. (16.2%), and Staphylococcus spp. (6.7%). Moreover, the highest percentage of bacterial isolates was recovered from Lake Qarun. Large shrimps from the Mediterranean Coast showed a high percentage of Vibrio spp. (40%) isolation. The log of viable microbial count and chemical parameters in water bodies had a strong correlation coefficient (r > 0.75), suggesting that the ecosystem is highly polluted by agricultural and industrial contamination © 2021 Khalefa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Evaluation of biosecurity practices applied on some dairy cattle farms in egypt and their impact on milk quality and production
(Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine, 2024-07) Laban, Samah E; Elhady, Reem H; Zaki, Manal M; Mohamed, Samer E; Nasr, Shimaa A.E; Fahim, Karima M; Aly, Aly M; El Sabry, Mohamed I; Attia, Amira S.A; Ismail, Eman M
Biosecurity is a set of practices applied to prevent the introduction and spread of diseases in animal farms. Mastitis is one of the most important diseases affecting dairy cows worldwide.This work aimed to evaluate the impact of biosecurity practices, environmental hygiene, and sanitation on milk quality, quantity, and prevalence of subclinical mastitis in some Egyptian dairy cattle farms. Along six months, Daily milk yield (DMY) was recorded and the total average milk production (TAMP) was calculated for six randomly selected cows of each of three farms (in Giza, Ismailia, and Alexandria Governorates, Egypt). A detailed questionnaire was also designed and filled out to detect the different biosecurity practices and hygienic levels. Milk, water, feed, and bedding samples were collected. In addition, swabs from workers’ hands, cows’ teats (before and after sanitation with Iodine 1% solution), equipment, and milking parlour surfaces were collected to assess the milk quality and environmental hygiene. Total bacterial count (TBC) and total coliform count (TCC) were determined. Subclinical mastitis (SCM) was detected using the White Side Test (WST). The obtained data revealed variable biosecurity practices in the investigated farms with different levels of environmental hygiene. A negative correlation was detected between the produced quantity and microbial quality of produced milk, besides the prevalence of SCM. Data reflected the negative impact of poor environmental hygiene on milk production and highlighted the role of following proper sanitary measures and biosecurity practices for improving milk production in dairy farms.
Evaluation of Fatty Acid Indices and Fatty Acid Content Including Trans Fat of Different Fried Food Types Using Gas-Liquid Chromatography Technique
(Nexus Academic Publishers, 2021-06) Zaki, Hamdy M.B.A; Zaki, Manal M; Abdulla, Mahmoud M.M; Abdel-Latif, Eman F
Nowadays, fried foods gaining a worldwide popularity although deep-frying of foods leads to many adverse changes in the food constituents and fatty acid profile. These changes make fried foods more harmful to human health upon consumption especially when frying oils are used for several cycles. In this study, fatty acid profile status of the most popular fried foods sold in street restaurants and shops was assessed using gas liquid chromatography (GLC). The examined fried food types included variable items as chicken wings, nuggets, broasted chicken, fish, shrimp, octopus, French fries, mashed potato, falafel, eggplant and onion rings. Results revealed a high saturation as well as high trans fatty acids content among the examined samples which reached to 49.55% and 5.3%, respectively. Regarding fatty acid indices, nearly all samples failed to meet the international recommended guidelines of polyunsaturated/saturated “P/S” (samples had P/S ratio from 0.16 to 0.57) and Omega-6/Omega-3 “n-6/n-3” (ratio ranged from 22.14 up to 95.28). Local legislations should set clear limits regarding saturated fats and trans fats content in fried foods. Moreover, routine supervision of fried food restaurants and street shops should be adopted to monitor their commitments towards those legislations. © 2021 Zaki et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Sustainable recycling of poultry eggshell waste for the synthesis of calcium oxide nanoparticles and evaluating its antibacterial potency against food-borne pathogens
(Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine, 2024-01) Ismael, Elshaimaa; Fahim, Karima M; Ghorab, Salma M.O; Hamouda, Ramzy H; Rady, Amgad M; Zaki, Manal M; Gamal, Abedelrhman M
Nanoparticles are considered new antibacterial agents with a potential broad range of applications. Recently, the synthesis of bio-nanoparticles (NPs) from natural sources such as coral, Ostrea shell, and eggshell, has attracted considerable attention. Eggshells are organic waste, rich in calcium carbonate (CaCO3 ), and it is an easy method to reduce it into powder of nano size. Utilization of waste materials as a precursor for NPs synthesis makes the entire process cheaper, greener, and more sustainable. Waste chicken eggshells were collected from the Specific Pathogen Free farm in Egypt. Eggshells were rinsed, dried, and finely ground to powder. The sol-gel chemical method was used for the synthesis of CaO-NPs from eggshell powder. The characteristics of eggshell NPs were visualized using a scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentration was applied to test the antibacterial efficacy of CaO-NPs at 1.00, 0.50, 0.25, 0.12, and 0.06% concentrations on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enteritidis. The results of the characterization confirmed the conversion of CaCO3 to CaO-NPs with an average diameter of 27.7 nm. Zones of inhibition started to appear from 0.25% concentration for B. cereus, 0.50% for MRSA and E. coli, and 1.0% for S. enteritidis. The concentration of CaO-NPs solution strongly correlated with the resulting zone of inhibition (r= 0.86 to 0.90). CaO-NPs showed a potent efficacy against gram-positive bacteria. Hence, eggshell wastes from poultry production could be a feasible organic source for the biosynthesis of CaO-NPs with promising efficient antibacterial properties.