Browsing by Author "Wasfi R."

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Antimicrobial activities against biofilm formed by Proteus mirabilis isolates from wound and urinary tract infections
(2012) Wasfi R.; Abd El-Rahman O.A.; Mansour L.E.; Hanora A.S.; Hashem A.M.; Ashour M.S.; Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Pharmacy; University for Modern Sciences and Arts; Giza; Egypt; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Azhar University; Cairo; Egypt; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Suez Canal University; Ismailia; Egypt; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Cairo; Egypt
Background: Bacterial species are capable of living as biofilm and/or planktonic forms. There is increasing evidence for the role of bacterial biofilm in various wound and urinary tract infections (UTIs). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of the bacteria, isolated from urinary tract infections (UTIs) and wound infections, to form biofilm and correlate the role of biofilm with their antimicrobial resistance. Materials and Methods: All the isolated bacteria were screened for their ability to form biofilm using the microtitre plate method. Results: Wound isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter sp. had more biofilm forming capacity than the UTI isolates. Proteus mirabilis isolates were among the strongest biofilm forming bacteria and were chosen for antimicrobial study. In sub-MIC concentrations of antimicrobial agents used, ciprofloxacin was found to be the most effective in decreasing biofilm formation. On the other hand, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin were effective in partial removal of preformed biofilm biomass. Conclusion: Ciprofloxacin was more effective in killing bacterial cells especially at high antimicrobial concentrations that could be reached in urine levels and can be used in impregenating catheters.
Carriage frequency, phenotypic, and genotypic characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dental health-care personnel, patients, and environment
(Life Science Journal, 2017) Khairalla A.S.; Wasfi R.; Ashour H.M.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Beni-Suef University Egypt; Beni-Suef; Egypt; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Pharmacy; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA); Giza; Egypt; Department of Biological Sciences; College of Arts and Sciences; University of South Florida St.Petersburg; St.Petersburg; United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University Egypt; Cairo; Egypt
There is limited data on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage in dental clinics.1300 specimens from patients, health personnel, and environmental surfaces of a dental clinic in Egypt were tested for MRSA.Antibiotic susceptibility, biofilm formation, Staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing, SCCmec typing, and PCR-based assays were used to detect mecA, mecC, vanA, Panton-Valentine Leukocidin toxin (PVL), and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tst) genes.Among 34 mecA-positive MRSA isolates, five (14.7%) were PVL-positive, seventeen (50%) were tst-positive, ten (29.4%) were vanA-positive, while none harboured mecC.MRSA hand carriage rates in patients, nurses, and dentists were 9.8%, 6.6%, and 5%.The respective nasal colonization rates were 11.1%, 6.7%, and 9.7%.1.3% of the environmental isolates were MRSA-positive.Strong and moderate biofilm-forming isolates represented 23.5% and 29.4% of MRSA isolates.24 MRSA isolates (70.6%) were multi-resistant and 18 (52.9%) harboured SCCmec IV.Among eight spa types, t223 (26.5%), t267 (23.5%), and t14339 (23.5%) were predominant.We noted an alarming genetic relatedness between 7 (20.6%) MRSA isolates and the epidemic EMRSA-15 clone, as well as a combined occurrence of tst and PVL in 3 (8.8%) isolates.Results suggest high MRSA pathogenicity in dental wards highlighting the need for more efficient surveillance/infection control strategies. � 2017 The Author(s).
Comparative lyophilized platelet-rich plasma wafer and powder for wound-healing enhancement: formulation, in vitro and in vivo studies
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2019) Yassin G.E.; Dawoud M.H.S.; Wasfi R.; Maher A.; Fayez A.M.; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy; Faculty of Pharmacy; Al Azhar University; Cairo; Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics; Faculty of Pharmacy; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA University); Giza; Egypt; Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Pharmacy; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA University); Giza; Egypt; Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA University); Giza; Egypt; Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA University); Giza; Egypt
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) accelerates wound healing, as it is an excellent source of growth factors. PRP was separated from whole human blood by centrifugation. PRP powder and wafers were prepared by lyophilization, with the wafers prepared using sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na CMC). The PRP wafers showed porous structures, as indicated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, and the ability of the wafer to absorb exudates and thus promote wound healing was tested with the hydration capacity test. The platelet count was tested and indicated that the presence of PRP in the wafers had no effect on the platelet count. An antimicrobial activity test was carried out, showing that PRP had antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Compared with lyophilized PRP powder and PRP-free wafers, PRP wafers showed the highest percent of wound size reduction on induced wounds in rats. Histopathological examination of rat skin showed that the PRP wafers achieved the shortest healing time, followed by the lyophilized PRP powder and finally the PRP-free wafers. The present study revealed that PRP can be formulated as a wafer, which is a promising pharmaceutical delivery system that can be used for enhanced wound-healing activity and improved the ease of application compared to lyophilized PRP powder. 2019, 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Effects of selected egyptian honeys on the cellular ultrastructure and the gene expression profile of Escherichia coli
(Public Library of Science, 2016) Wasfi R.; Elkhatib W.F.; Khairalla A.S.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Pharmacy; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA); Giza; Egypt; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Ain Shams University; Cairo; Egypt; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Beni-Suef University; Beni-Suef; Egypt
The purpose of this study was to: (i) evaluate the antibacterial activities of three Egyptian honeys collected from different floral sources (namely, citrus, clover, and marjoram) against Escherichia coli; (ii) investigate the effects of these honeys on bacterial ultrastructure; and (iii) assess the anti-virulence potential of these honeys, by examining their impacts on the expression of eight selected genes (involved in biofilm formation, quorum sensing, and stress survival) in the test organism. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the honey samples against E. coli ATCC 8739 were assessed by the broth microdilution assay in the presence and absence of catalase enzyme. Impacts of the honeys on the cellular ultrastructure and the expression profiles of the selected genes of E. coli were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis, respectively. The susceptibility tests showed promising antibacterial activities of all the tested honeys against E. coli. This was supported by the TEM observations, which revealed "ghost" cells lacking DNA, in addition to cells with increased vacuoles, and/or with irregular shrunken cytoplasm. Among the tested honeys, marjoram exhibited the highest total antibacterial activity and the highest levels of peroxide-dependent activity. The qPCR analysis showed that all honey-treated cells share a similar overall pattern of gene expression, with a trend toward reduced expression of the virulence genes of interest. Our results indicate that some varieties of the Egyptian honey have the potential to be effective inhibitor and virulence modulator of E. coli via multiple molecular targets. � 2016 Wasfi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Molecular typing and virulence analysis of multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates recovered from Egyptian hospitals
(Nature Publishing Group, 2016) Wasfi R.; Elkhatib W.F.; Ashour H.M.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Pharmacy; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts; Giza; Egypt; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Ain Shams University; Cairo; Egypt; Department of Pharmacy Practice; School of Pharmacy; Chapman University; Orange; CA; United States; Department of Biological Sciences; College of Arts and Sciences; University of South Florida St. Petersburg; St. Petersburg; FL; United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Cairo; Egypt
Klebsiella pneumonia infection rates have increased dramatically. Molecular typing and virulence analysis are powerful tools that can shed light on Klebsiella pneumonia infections. Whereas 77.7% (28/36) of clinical isolates indicated multidrug resistant (MDR) patterns, 50% (18/36) indicated carpabenem resistance. Gene prevalence for the AcrAB efflux pump (82.14%) was more than that of the mdtK efflux pump (32.14%) in the MDR isolates. FimH-1 and mrkD genes were prevalent in wound and blood isolates. FimH-1 gene was prevalent in sputum while mrkD gene was prevalent in urine. Serum resistance associated with outer membrane protein coding gene (traT) was found in all blood isolates. IucC, entB, and Irp-1 were detected in 32.14%, 78.5% and 10.7% of MDR isolates, respectively. We used two Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analyses: Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). ERIC-PCR revealed 21 and RAPD-PCR revealed 18 distinct patterns of isolates with similarity ?80%. ERIC genotyping significantly correlated with resistance patterns and virulence determinants. RAPD genotyping significantly correlated with resistance patterns but not with virulence determinants. Both RAPD and ERIC genotyping methods had no correlation with the capsule types. These findings can help up better predict MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae outbreaks associated with specific genotyping patterns. � The Author(s) 2016.
Phenotypic and molecular characterization of plasmid mediated AmpC ?-lactamases among Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Proteus mirabilis isolated from urinary tract infections in Egyptian hospitals
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2014) Helmy M.M.; Wasfi R.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Medicine; Zagazig University; Zagazig; Sharqia; Egypt; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Pharmacy; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA); 26 July Road Intersection with El Wahat Road; Giza; Egypt
The incidence of resistance by Enterobacteriaceae to ?-lactam/?- lactamase inhibitors combination is increasing in Egypt. Three phenotypic techniques, comprising AmpC disk diffusion and inhibition dependent methods using phenylboronic acid (PBA) and cloxacillin, were compared to PCR based method for detection of plasmid mediated AmpC ?-lactamase in common urinary tract isolates. A total of 143 isolates, including E. coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Proteus mirabilis, were collected from urinary tract infections cases in Egyptian hospitals. Plasmid encoded AmpC genes were detected by PCR in 88.46% of cefoxitin resistant isolates. The most prevalent AmpC gene family was CIT including CMY-2, CMY-4, and two CMY-2 variants. The second prevalent gene was DHA-1 which was detected in E. coli and Klebsiella pneumonia. The genes EBC, FOX, and MOX were also detected but in small percentage. Some isolates were identified as having more than one pAmpC gene. The overall sensitivity and specificity of phenotypic tests for detection of AmpC ?-lactamase showed that AmpC disk diffusion and inhibition dependent method by cloxacillin were the most sensitive and the most specific disk tests. PCR remains the gold standard for detection of AmpC ?-lactamases. This study represents the first report of CMY-2 variants of CMY-42 and CMY-102 ?-lactamase-producing E. coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Proteus mirabilis isolates in Egypt. � 2014 Mai M. Helmy and Reham Wasfi.
Probiotic Lactobacillus sp. inhibit growth, biofilm formation and gene expression of caries-inducing Streptococcus mutans
(Blackwell Publishing Inc., 2018) Wasfi R.; Abd El-Rahman O.A.; Zafer M.M.; Ashour H.M.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Pharmacy; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA); Giza; Egypt; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Azhar University (Girls); Cairo; Egypt; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Ahram Canadian University (ACU); Giza; Egypt; Department of Biological Sciences; College of Arts and Sciences; University of South Florida St. Petersburg; St. Petersburg; FL; United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Cairo; Egypt
Streptococcus mutans contributes significantly to dental caries, which arises from homoeostasic imbalance between host and microbiota. We hypothesized that Lactobacillus sp. inhibits growth, biofilm formation and gene expression of Streptococcus mutans. Antibacterial (agar diffusion method) and antibiofilm (crystal violet assay) characteristics of probiotic Lactobacillus sp. against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) were evaluated. We investigated whether Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 393), Lactobacillus reuteri (ATCC 23272), Lactobacillus plantarum (ATCC 14917) or Lactobacillus salivarius (ATCC 11741) inhibit expression of Streptococcus mutans genes involved in biofilm formation, quorum sensing or stress survival using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Growth changes (OD600) in the presence of pH-neutralized, catalase-treated or trypsin-treated Lactobacillus sp. supernatants were assessed to identify roles of organic acids, peroxides and bacteriocin. Susceptibility testing indicated antibacterial (pH-dependent) and antibiofilm activities of Lactobacillus sp. against Streptococcus mutans. Scanning electron microscopy revealed reduction in microcolony formation and exopolysaccharide structural changes. Of the oral normal flora, L.salivarius exhibited the highest antibiofilm and peroxide-dependent antimicrobial activities. All biofilm-forming cells treated with Lactobacillus sp. supernatants showed reduced expression of genes involved in exopolysaccharide production, acid tolerance and quorum sensing. Thus, Lactobacillus sp. can inhibit tooth decay by limiting growth and virulence properties of Streptococcus mutans. � 2018 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine.