Browsing by Author "Shamel, Mohamed"

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Effects of aflatoxin B1 on the submandibular salivary gland of albino rats and possible therapeutic potential of Rosmarinus officinalis: a light and electron microscopic study
(Open Access, 2020-07) Ashraf, Bassant; Ghazy, Dahlia; Shamel, Mohamed
Background: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a highly toxic mycotoxin, is one of the contaminants of food items such as corn, rice, nuts, and flour. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of AFB1 on the histology and ultrastructure of the submandibular salivary glands (SMSG) of albino rats and examine the possible therapeutic effect of Rosmarinus officinalis extract. Methods: This study used 21 adult male albino rats equally divided into three groups as follows: Group C (saline-treated control group); Group A (AFB1 treated group) subjected to intraperitoneal injection of AFB1 (2 mg/kg) once daily for four weeks; Group R (rosemary-treated group) subjected to AFB1 as in Group A followed by two weeks of intraperitoneal injection of Rosmarinus officinalis extract (400mg/kg) once daily. At the end of the experimental periods, SMSGs were excised and fixed for histological and ultrastructural examinations. Results: SMSGs of the AFB1 group presented atrophied serous acini with numerous cytoplasmic vacuolations; their granular convoluted tubules, striated ducts and excretory ducts presented signs of degeneration in their cell lining with the presence of abundant cytoplasmic vacuolations. In addition, dilated blood vessels engorged with red blood cells were frequently seen. Ultrastructural findings of the AFB1 group showed some acinar cells with degenerated mitochondria presenting loss of cristae and vacuolations as well as irregular, shrunken nuclei with condensed chromatin. Dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum were observed in granular convoluted tubules and striated ducts. The glands of animals that received rosemary extract almost regained their normal architecture. Conclusions: It can be concluded that rosemary extract has an ameliorative effect on the deleterious histological and ultrastructural changes induced by chronic AFB1 intake in rat SMSGs.
Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and Botulinum Toxin (BTX); Can Paralysis Be A Bless?
(AMBER PUBLICATION, 2016-03) Shamel, Mohamed; Ankily, Mahmoud M; Bakr, Mahmoud M
Botulinum toxin (BTX) commercially known as Botox is produced by Clostridium Botulinum, it has many different subtypes. It is a relatively safe agent with very few local and systemic adverse effects, and is currently used in a wide range of medical, dental and cosmetic procedures. BTX has the potential for an expanding range of applications in the future. In this article we review the mechanism of action, and all the well documented applications of BTX with a specific focus on its usage in the treatment of hyper-salivation and drooling. We propose a combination treatment for the above mentioned salivary gland conditions, which consists of BTX and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF); a well-known potent polypeptide that promotes healing and repair. EGF is secreted though many bodily fluids including saliva. This combination treatment aims to prevent the atrophy of salivary glands that accompanies treatment with BTX. We aim to provide answers to the question whether BTX induced paralysis is a burden or bless? Our proposed combination treatment (BTX + EGF) will hopefully obtain the best of both worlds; the therapeutic effect of BTX and the healing potential of EGF. This will maintain the salivary glands. integrity and will allow for long term treatment with BTX with minimal side effects.
Epidermal Growth Factor Restores Cytokeratin Expression in Rats with Diabetes
(Amber Publication, 6/21/2020) Al-Ankily, Mahmoud M; Shamel, Mohamed; Bakr, Mahmoud M
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has been associated with salivary glands dysfunction and disorders. Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) is highly important in the process of wound healing in different parts of the body. The aim of the present study is to investigate the capacity of EGF to reverse the side effects of Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in the submandibular salivary glands of adult Albino male rats, through immunohistochemical localization of cytokeratin in the parenchyma of the glands. Sixty rats were used in this study and were divided into three equal groups, a control group, an STZ induced group and EGF group where STZ induced rats are treated with a daily EGF injection of a dose of 10 µg/Kg body weight for two months. The overall expression of cytokeratin in the submandibular salivary glands of STZ induced rats decreased significantly when compared to the control group. However, in EGF group, cytokeratin expression levels were restored to values that were nearly equal to normal levels. Daily intraperitoneal injection of epidermal growth factor in a dose of 10 µg/Kg body weight for two months, helped reverse the negative side effects of DM in STZ induced rats. However, a small amount of permanent damage was still evident. Future research will be conducted to confirm the above findings through immunohistochemical expression of myosin and E-cadherin as well as ultrastructural examination.
Epidermal Growth Factor Restores Cytokeratin Expression in Rats with Diabetes
(AMBER PUBLICATION, 2018-02) Bakr, Mahmoud M; Shamel, Mohamed; Al-Ankily, Mahmoud M
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has been associated with salivary glands dysfunction and disorders. Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) is highly important in the process of wound healing in different parts of the body. The aim of the present study is to investigate the capacity of EGF to reverse the side effects of Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in the submandibular salivary glands of adult Albino male rats, through immunohistochemical localization of cytokeratin in the parenchyma of the glands. Sixty rats were used in this study and were divided into three equal groups, a control group, an STZ induced group and EGF group where STZ induced rats are treated with a daily EGF injection of a dose of 10 mu g/Kg body weight for two months. The overall expression of cytokeratin in the submandibular salivary glands of STZ induced rats decreased significantly when compared to the control group. However, in EGF group, cytokeratin expression levels were restored to values that were nearly equal to normal levels. Daily intraperitoneal injection of epidermal growth factor in a dose of 10 mu g/Kg body weight for two months, helped reverse the negative side effects of DM in STZ induced rats. However, a small amount of permanent damage was still evident. Future research will be conducted to confirm the above findings through immunohistochemical expression of myosin and E-cadherin as well as ultrastructural examination.